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wlk銘文海洋墨水(wow海洋墨水怎么來(lái))

來(lái)源:cdfbk.cn???時(shí)間:2023-05-14 08:44???點(diǎn)擊:99??編輯:jing 手機(jī)版

1. wow海洋墨水怎么來(lái)

行書(shū),又稱“行押書(shū)”,,也稱“藁書(shū)”,,是介于楷書(shū)和草書(shū)之間的一種書(shū)體??瑫?shū)稍加連貫,,點(diǎn)畫(huà)略帶呼應(yīng),就是行書(shū),。行書(shū)寫(xiě)起來(lái)比楷書(shū)快,,又比草書(shū)容易識(shí)認(rèn),所以是應(yīng)用最廣的書(shū)體。它既實(shí)用,,又美觀,,寫(xiě)起來(lái)便捷。

行書(shū)分類

行書(shū)大致以其作品所具有的楷書(shū)和草書(shū)成分,,劃分為兩類:作品中楷書(shū)成分較多的稱之為行楷或楷行,、真行:作品中草書(shū)成分較多的則稱之為行草或草行。

硬筆行書(shū)

書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)

正確的書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)不只是為了好看,,還可以使書(shū)寫(xiě)技能得到充分,、有效地發(fā)揮,有助于書(shū)寫(xiě)者的身心健康,。書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)同時(shí)也反映出書(shū)寫(xiě)者的修養(yǎng),,只有身正才會(huì)字正。正確的姿勢(shì)應(yīng)是頭正,、身直,、肩平、胸舒,、臂開(kāi),、足安。(如下圖)

1,、頭部端正:頭要居中,,稍向前下方俯視,眼睛與紙面一尺距離,,不可俯得太低,,也不可左偏、右斜,。

2,、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中間大部,不能扭向一邊,,兩肩平齊,,上身不彎曲,使上身重心安穩(wěn),。

3,、臂開(kāi)胸舒:兩臂自然開(kāi)張,兩肘平放桌面,,保持一線,,腹背挺直,胸口與桌沿保持一拳距離,,使呼吸順暢,。

4,、腿開(kāi)足安:兩腿分開(kāi),與肩同寬,,自然下垂,,內(nèi)側(cè)保持平行,兩腳平放地上,,使全身平衡,。正確的書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì),才能使字寫(xiě)得端正,,重心平衡,。同時(shí),正確的姿勢(shì)也會(huì)給人的身體帶來(lái)益處,。

執(zhí)筆方法

執(zhí)筆方法不正確,,不但妨礙書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì),影響書(shū)寫(xiě)質(zhì)量,,還會(huì)給書(shū)寫(xiě)者身心健康帶來(lái)危害,,不可忽視。根據(jù)筆的自身特點(diǎn),,硬筆是三指執(zhí)筆法,,斜拿。

正確的執(zhí)筆方法:

①用拇指,、食指,、中指三個(gè)指頭捏住筆桿(三指處于同一平面);

②指尖距筆尖約2.5cm~3cm(兩指左右),;

③所有指關(guān)節(jié)都向外彎,;

④筆桿位于食指的根部(如下圖)。

同時(shí),,還要做到:

①指實(shí):拇指、食指,、中指來(lái)自三方的力量,,處在與筆桿垂直的同一圓角上,將筆桿夾牢,,松緊適度,。

②掌虛:無(wú)名指和小指緊隨中指下部依次靠攏,并向掌心彎曲,、虛握,。小指的整個(gè)底部形成一個(gè)環(huán)形底座,虛貼桌面,。

③桿斜:筆桿向右后方傾斜,,緊靠在食指第三關(guān)節(jié)與虎口方向,,與桌面呈45°角。如果寫(xiě)較大的字,,手指向前伸直,,筆桿與紙面角度減小,;書(shū)寫(xiě)較小的字手指向掌心收縮,,筆桿與紙面角度大,宜于精離細(xì)琢,。

練習(xí)方法

選筆

鋼筆

具備一支書(shū)寫(xiě)流暢的鋼筆,,是開(kāi)始練習(xí)行書(shū)的基礎(chǔ)條件。眾所周知,,隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步,,簽字筆已經(jīng)深入到社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面,我們?cè)诮^大部分時(shí)候都是使用簽字筆來(lái)寫(xiě)字,,使用鋼筆的時(shí)候比較少,。但是想要練習(xí)好行書(shū),則必須要有一支書(shū)寫(xiě)流暢的鋼筆,。鋼筆不同于簽字筆,,它可以更好地適應(yīng)行書(shū)的書(shū)寫(xiě)順序,保證書(shū)寫(xiě)出來(lái)的行書(shū)更加漂亮,。明尖筆,,彈性略大一點(diǎn),筆畫(huà)變化稍大,,更適合書(shū)法,。

推薦鋼筆

適合練字的鋼筆,日筆應(yīng)該比歐筆更適合一些,。推薦白金3776,,百樂(lè)78G,寫(xiě)樂(lè)21K等,。

選字帖臨摹

買一本包含常用字在內(nèi)的行書(shū)字體進(jìn)行模仿練習(xí)是練習(xí)行書(shū)的基本方法,。我們常說(shuō)先學(xué)會(huì)走路再學(xué)會(huì)跑,如果還沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)走路是不可能學(xué)會(huì)跑的,。練習(xí)行書(shū)也是如此,,首先是要學(xué)會(huì)名家的習(xí)作,學(xué)會(huì)他們的書(shū)寫(xiě)方式,,照著樣子先臨摹,、描紅,然后再過(guò)渡到自己來(lái)練習(xí)書(shū)寫(xiě),。在具體選擇的時(shí)候,,一定要選用包括常用字在內(nèi)的字帖,,這樣更加有利于今后的具體實(shí)踐使用。

適合練習(xí)的字帖推薦以下啟功《論書(shū)絕句百首》,、梁鼎光的《鋼筆臨帖》,、田英章老師的字帖、顧仲安的字帖,。

堅(jiān)持練習(xí)

寫(xiě)好行書(shū)并非一朝一夕之功,,需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的練習(xí)才能成功。對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō),,如果有一定的書(shū)法基礎(chǔ),,可以很快上手練習(xí)行書(shū)。如果還沒(méi)有練習(xí)其他字體的書(shū)法基礎(chǔ),,最好是先練習(xí)正楷字,、鋼筆字然后再過(guò)渡到行書(shū)的書(shū)寫(xiě),這是學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程,。因此,,練習(xí)行書(shū)沒(méi)有捷徑可以走,有的就是每天堅(jiān)持練習(xí),,持之以恒地堅(jiān)持下去,。一般來(lái)說(shuō),有一年左右的時(shí)間就可以書(shū)寫(xiě)出一手漂亮的行書(shū),。

連筆意識(shí)訓(xùn)練

通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)

要寫(xiě)好硬筆行書(shū),,首先要了解行書(shū)的運(yùn)筆特點(diǎn),即行書(shū)是流動(dòng)的楷書(shū),,它的基本筆畫(huà)就反映了這一特征,。因此,我們通過(guò)基本筆畫(huà)訓(xùn)練,,逐漸掌握行書(shū)運(yùn)筆要領(lǐng),,為寫(xiě)好行書(shū)奠定基礎(chǔ)。

1,、點(diǎn)畫(huà):行書(shū)點(diǎn)雖小,,但很重要,起著筆畫(huà)的起止,、過(guò)渡、裝飾,、承上啟下,、畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。點(diǎn)有獨(dú)立點(diǎn),、組合點(diǎn)兩種,。

獨(dú)立點(diǎn),,寫(xiě)法如楷書(shū)筆畫(huà)中撇點(diǎn),右下頓筆由輕到重轉(zhuǎn)向左下,,方向視下一筆畫(huà)起筆位置而定,。

組合點(diǎn),橫式排列,、豎式排列,,重點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)出點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)之間的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。

2,、橫畫(huà):行書(shū)橫畫(huà)在字中起平衡作用,,隨意性大,起,、收筆變化多端,,短橫有時(shí)處理成點(diǎn),數(shù)橫并存忌平行劃一,,要姿態(tài)各異,。

短橫:起筆輕,收筆重,,末端收筆可向左下勾出,,以呼應(yīng)下一筆。

長(zhǎng)橫:起筆向左下輕落筆,,快而有力向右運(yùn)筆,,駐筆后左下方出鋒運(yùn)筆中間輕、兩頭重,。

3,、豎畫(huà):豎畫(huà)有左豎、右豎,、短豎,、懸針、垂露之分,。左豎向右上回鋒與下筆呼應(yīng),;右豎向左下出鋒引帶下畫(huà)。

懸針豎:垂直書(shū)寫(xiě),,出鋒不可隨意甩出,,以免輕浮。

垂露豎:收尾呈露珠狀,,但不一定垂直,,往往左側(cè)向左凸,右側(cè)向右凸,。

4,、撇畫(huà):撇在字中是支撐重心作用,,具有較強(qiáng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)感,其特點(diǎn)飄逸勁健,,靈動(dòng)活潑,。

小撇:乃字之精神,寫(xiě)法與楷書(shū)同,。要注意長(zhǎng)短,、粗細(xì)及筆的走向,出鋒銳利,。

長(zhǎng)撇:中間部分要粗些,,但勿過(guò)分,筆法與楷書(shū)同,。

回帶撇:起筆,、中間部分與楷同,只是收筆處回鋒出鉤,,以連帶下面筆畫(huà),。

5、捺畫(huà):在字中支撐字的重心,,姿態(tài)飄逸,,一波三折,給人以流動(dòng)的美,。

斜捺:由輕到重再輕收筆出鋒,,與左撇呼應(yīng),行書(shū)中亦可寫(xiě)成反捺或捺點(diǎn):

平捺:寫(xiě)法同捺,,關(guān)鍵把握好它的角度和長(zhǎng)短,。

6、鉤畫(huà):鉤畫(huà)種類繁多(豎鉤,、橫鉤,、臥鉤、斜鉤,、彎鉤,、豎彎鉤、橫折鉤,、橫折彎鉤等),,要做到穩(wěn)重而有氣勢(shì),體現(xiàn)出內(nèi)在力量,。

橫鉤:逆勢(shì)起筆與上筆遙相呼應(yīng),,轉(zhuǎn)角處不必像楷書(shū)那樣嚴(yán)格,但要有力;

豎鉤:豎垂直鉤處多變,,可向左上勾出,亦可作左下方出鋒,。

7,、折畫(huà):折畫(huà)一般在字的外圍,對(duì)字包圍之勢(shì),,書(shū)寫(xiě)要有力度,,筆勢(shì)內(nèi)聚,使字不散,。

豎折:由上至左下快速落筆,,蓄勢(shì)向右上方徐徐運(yùn)筆,中間微上凸,;

橫折:起筆重落,,徐向右運(yùn)筆,拐彎處快速向下彎去,,至收筆處稍駐,。

8、提畫(huà):提畫(huà)尖銳挺拔,,勁健有力,,能增加字的力度和速度,美觀,??煞譃槎烫帷㈤L(zhǎng)提,、撇提,。

提:行書(shū)提起筆由上而左下迅速落筆,稍駐回筆向右上方迅速挑出,,出鋒尖利,。

通過(guò)偏旁部練習(xí)

偏旁部首是筆畫(huà)的初步組合,雖然行書(shū)沒(méi)有一定書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)則,,但筆畫(huà)走向卻有相對(duì)固定寫(xiě)法,。因此,我們依照人們的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣,,約定俗成的寫(xiě)法來(lái)領(lǐng)會(huì),,并舉一反三。

一,、偏旁部首的練習(xí)

二,、偏旁部首在字中不同位置的變化寫(xiě)法訓(xùn)練

偏旁部首出現(xiàn)于字的上、下、左,、右,、里,、外不同位置時(shí),,寫(xiě)法也不盡相同,使得漢字書(shū)寫(xiě)千變?nèi)f化,。我們了解了這些變化要領(lǐng),,就可以觸類旁通,掌握書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)則,,熟習(xí)它們的變化規(guī)律,,舉一反三,就可收到事半功倍的效果,。

1,、土部在左時(shí)豎畫(huà)偏右,下橫改提以讓右,;在字右部時(shí),,兩橫間距拉開(kāi):在字上、下時(shí),,兩橫間距緊湊,,避免結(jié)構(gòu)松散。

2,、火部在字左側(cè)斜撇改為豎撇,,捺變點(diǎn)收縮;居字上部筆畫(huà)收縮,,改捺為點(diǎn),;如在字右部或下部撇捺向兩邊伸展。

3,、木部在左時(shí)橫短豎長(zhǎng)且偏右,,捺改點(diǎn);在右時(shí)橫短豎長(zhǎng),,撇捺伸展,;在字上豎較短,撇捺張開(kāi),;在字下橫畫(huà)長(zhǎng),,豎帶鉤,撇捺改點(diǎn),。

4,、日部豎畫(huà)柔和自然,,橫折與豎畫(huà)協(xié)調(diào),中橫居中不要太滿,,底橫不可超出右豎,。作左偏旁時(shí)較窄;在字右部地位適中,。

5,、月部豎撇較長(zhǎng),里面兩橫偏上不寫(xiě)滿,。月旁在左寫(xiě)得瘦窄些;在右側(cè)寫(xiě)得豐滿些,。

6,、方部點(diǎn)斜取勢(shì),橫與點(diǎn)保持間距,,彎鉤重心,。方在左橫畫(huà)右邊不能長(zhǎng);在字下部點(diǎn)與橫相交,。

7,、石部在左位置偏上,字形略小,,以讓右,;在字下部要橫長(zhǎng)撇短;品字結(jié)構(gòu)要上正左小右大,。

8,、耳部筆順先橫后豎再三橫,在字左懸針改垂露,,下橫變提在右側(cè)稍豐滿些,;居字上部懸針短。

9,、米部在字左側(cè)時(shí)橫短豎長(zhǎng),,捺變點(diǎn);在字右邊撇捺伸展,;居字上部豎畫(huà)的下部短,;在字下部,豎畫(huà)的上部短,。

10,、禾部用作左旁,撇橫間距拉開(kāi),,豎偏右,,捺改點(diǎn),;在右時(shí),左撒收縮以讓左,;禾部在字上寫(xiě)法有兩種:①下部伸展,,禾部收縮;②下部收縮,,則禾部散捺伸展,。

總之,筆畫(huà)之間要遵循上,、下,、左、右伸縮,,高,、低、顧,、盼照應(yīng)的規(guī)律,。 三、相似偏旁部首的區(qū)別訓(xùn)練 行書(shū)寫(xiě)法簡(jiǎn)省筆畫(huà),,再加之勾挑,、牽絲相連,從而出現(xiàn)一些相似部首容易混淆,。

因此,,我們有必要對(duì)其分析,找出規(guī)律、異同,掌握正確的書(shū)寫(xiě)方法,。 1、言字旁和三點(diǎn)水二者主要區(qū)別在第二筆,。言字旁橫折提的橫折處實(shí)、重,;三點(diǎn)水第二筆為右點(diǎn)收筆與第三筆虛連,、輕。

2,、提手旁和牛字旁都是一筆完成,。區(qū)別是提手旁第一筆為橫,牛字旁是撇折,,因此,,提手旁第一筆逆勢(shì)過(guò)大很容易寫(xiě)成牛字旁。

3,、木字旁與反犬旁區(qū)別:

①第一筆筆畫(huà)和筆勢(shì)不同,,木旁為短橫,,由左至右上挑,反犬旁為撇,,由右上至左下再上覆連彎鉤,。②第二筆木旁為豎,筆勢(shì)直,;反犬為彎鉤,,筆勢(shì)弧形。

4,、奉字頭與卷字頭區(qū)別在首筆,,奉字頭是橫,卷字頭為合兩點(diǎn),,如將合兩點(diǎn)寫(xiě)得過(guò)近,,連絲過(guò)粗,近似短橫,,則二者就相像了。

5,、四字頭和血字底筆畫(huà),、筆勢(shì)相同,區(qū)別在最后一橫,。四字頭橫畫(huà)縮在左豎與右折鉤內(nèi),,而血字橫將二者托起。

6,、立字旁和足字旁下部完全一樣,,不同點(diǎn)在上部:立旁是右點(diǎn)加斜橫,足字旁是口為首,,只要筆畫(huà)與牽絲交待清晰,,二者不難分辨。

7,、示字旁與禾字旁區(qū)別在于起筆不同:示旁右點(diǎn)帶鉤呼出橫畫(huà),,禾旁為小撇,呼出橫畫(huà),;橫豎畫(huà)轉(zhuǎn)接處不同,,示旁在下部,禾旁在上部,。

8,、貝字旁與欠字旁運(yùn)筆方法基本相同。要區(qū)分二者,,第一,、欠旁起筆為撇而且較長(zhǎng),,撇出后回筆短;貝旁起筆豎且短,,回鋒長(zhǎng),。第二、欠旁是撇折鉤,,彎頭?。回惻允秦Q彎折,,彎頭大,。

9、左耳旁和右耳旁筆畫(huà),、筆勢(shì)完全相同,,區(qū)分在于左耳旁不封口,豎為垂露且短些,;右耳旁封口,,豎為懸針且稍長(zhǎng)。

10,、絞絲旁與雙人旁二者最大區(qū)別是雙人旁第二筆為撇,,之后筆不離紙由撇原路返至中間作豎向右上回鋒,意連下一筆,;絞絲旁折筆處是兩弧形,,無(wú)撇畫(huà)、豎畫(huà),,收筆回鋒斜上作提,。

通過(guò)具體字訓(xùn)練

筆畫(huà)與偏旁是結(jié)字的基礎(chǔ),最終要結(jié)合成端莊,、美觀,、令人賞心悅目的漢字。我們從思想上要有筆畫(huà)之間是流動(dòng)的,,不是僵死的,;筆畫(huà)之間是呼應(yīng)的,而不是孤立的這種連帶或筆斷意連意識(shí),。

1,、連橫訓(xùn)練

2、連豎訓(xùn)練

3,、豎連橫訓(xùn)練

4,、連橫連豎訓(xùn)練

5、橫豎橫相連訓(xùn)練

6,、其它筆畫(huà)相連的訓(xùn)練

毛筆行書(shū)

基本技法

筆法

筆法指執(zhí)筆和用筆,,寫(xiě)行書(shū)的人一般都練習(xí)過(guò)楷書(shū),,所以執(zhí)筆和用筆都有了基礎(chǔ)。但是,,行書(shū)的筆法比楷書(shū)要豐富得多,。要做到中鋒用筆,方圓兼?zhèn)?,中,、?cè)鋒并用,點(diǎn)畫(huà)之間以牽絲映帶,、似連非連,、筆斷勢(shì)連的形式貫通氣脈。

點(diǎn)畫(huà)寫(xiě)法

行書(shū)點(diǎn)畫(huà)要注意呼應(yīng),,同時(shí)應(yīng)在平整中取攲側(cè)之勢(shì),,在勻稱之中得疏密之形,使之變化多姿,,特別要注意的是,,牽絲往來(lái)要有筆斷意連之妙,運(yùn)筆快慢要得疾澀相生之意,。圓轉(zhuǎn)處要?jiǎng)艢鈨?nèi)斂,,方折處要如削金斷玉,明快潔凈,。

結(jié)構(gòu)

行書(shū)結(jié)構(gòu)千變?nèi)f化,,但基本原則是要重心平穩(wěn),,變化自然,,顧盼呼應(yīng)。行書(shū)多用奔放之筆取攲側(cè)之勢(shì),,但無(wú)論如何奔放也要重心平穩(wěn),,特別是攲側(cè)中站穩(wěn)重心,這種奇正相成的結(jié)構(gòu)是行書(shū)的特點(diǎn),。行書(shū)多變化,,變化要順乎自然。字行大小,、疏密,、長(zhǎng)短、伸縮,、開(kāi)合,、俯仰、向背等自然之行,,初寫(xiě)時(shí)要盡各字真態(tài),、本色,,切忌故意造作,制奇弄險(xiǎn),,走入流俗,,能得自然之美方是真本領(lǐng)。至于點(diǎn)畫(huà)之間顧盼生情,,相互呼應(yīng)要如聞其聲,,則字字都活潑而有生氣了。

章法

行書(shū)章法多用縱有行,、橫無(wú)列,,或縱無(wú)行,橫無(wú)列兩種,。字與字之間要有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,,行與行之間要有意態(tài)呼應(yīng)。不必故意筆筆相連,,貴在氣息貫注,,筆斷意連。通篇字的大小變化,、疏密對(duì)比,、伸縮之宜都要合乎自然,章法要如音樂(lè)之旋律,,如詩(shī)詞之有聲律,。詩(shī)詞的“平平仄仄平平仄”抑揚(yáng)頓挫,一如行書(shū)的疏密奇正伸縮,,對(duì)比中求和諧,,對(duì)立中求統(tǒng)一。雖是“疏可跑馬,,密不容針”,,仍要密不迫塞,疏不散漫,,總之要渾然一體,,一氣呵成,無(wú)意之佳為最妙,。

練習(xí)方法

選筆

初學(xué)者在書(shū)寫(xiě)行書(shū)時(shí),,不論是行草還是行楷,因?qū)γP的使用以及落筆的輕重緩急尚未把握,,可以選擇兼毫來(lái)使用,,兼毫兼具了硬毫和軟毫的優(yōu)點(diǎn),較為容易上手,而且使用兼毫吸墨量適宜,,不會(huì)導(dǎo)致初學(xué)者在書(shū)寫(xiě)行書(shū)時(shí)停頓出現(xiàn)墨水團(tuán)影響紙面,。

挑選毛筆是挑毛尖。筆頭要尖,、齊,、圓、鍵,,即:筆頭的鋒穎既尖銳似錐又要圓潤(rùn),,筆頭既要修削整齊,筆尖又要豐滿,,富有彈性,。一般筆桿多用鳳尾竹、湘妃竹,、花竹,、紫竹制成。挑選筆桿時(shí)要看筆管是否圓正光滑,,不癟,、不裂、不彎,、不斜,,長(zhǎng)短適度。筆桿上有篆刻的,,要看它是否鐫秀清晰,;有鑲嵌的,要看是否曲雅古樸,。最后,,要看筆頭與筆桿是否粘牢,筆頭有無(wú)發(fā)霉,、蟲(chóng)蛀現(xiàn)象,。先用手輕輕晃動(dòng)筆頭,,不能出現(xiàn)松動(dòng)現(xiàn)象,再輕輕彈筆桿,,看是否有掉毛,有毛掉睛,,不是蟲(chóng)蛀,,便是發(fā)霉,。檢查毛筆筆頭是否發(fā)霉,,還可以聞聞?dòng)袩o(wú)霉味,。

選字帖臨摹

(1)挑選字帖,。挑選一本孩子比較喜愛(ài)的,、點(diǎn)畫(huà)比較工整的,、結(jié)體比較勻稱的字帖來(lái)臨摹。毛筆字帖,,應(yīng)挑選字體小一點(diǎn)的字帖,,這樣可省去縮小的工夫,。

(2)先摹后臨、臨摹結(jié)合在習(xí)字時(shí),,要先摹后臨,、臨摹結(jié)合。毛筆照著字帖上的字一點(diǎn)一畫(huà)地描紅,。要求寫(xiě)的筆跡不要越出字帖字外,,都寫(xiě)在字帖上字的點(diǎn)畫(huà)中間,。這樣,,久而久之,,就容易學(xué)到字帖上字的結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂臨,,就是把字帖放在習(xí)字紙旁,;照著帖上的字依樣畫(huà)葫蘆。要求點(diǎn)畫(huà)寫(xiě)得象,,有輕重節(jié)奏和粗細(xì)的變化。這樣,久而久之,,就容易學(xué)到字帖上字的筆意,。由于臨書(shū)比摹書(shū)難,因此要先摹后臨,,由于臨和摹是兩種相輔相成的學(xué)字手段,,因此要臨摹結(jié)合,循序漸進(jìn),。

(3)仔細(xì)讀貼,。再者,臨摹前要仔細(xì)讀帖,。對(duì)帖上的字,,其點(diǎn)畫(huà)怎樣書(shū)寫(xiě),結(jié)構(gòu)怎樣安排,,章法怎樣布置,,都要仔細(xì)琢磨并從中找出規(guī)律,這樣就容易寫(xiě)得有興趣,,也容易寫(xiě)得象,,寫(xiě)得好。臨摹時(shí),,不能貪多貪快,,每天堅(jiān)持一、二小時(shí),,反復(fù)地臨摹幾個(gè)字,,這樣才會(huì)有真正的收獲。對(duì)難寫(xiě)的字,,更要知難而上,,多臨摹,多比較,。

堅(jiān)持練習(xí)

練習(xí),,持之以恒地堅(jiān)持下去。一般來(lái)說(shuō),,有一年左右的時(shí)間就可以書(shū)寫(xiě)出一手漂亮的行書(shū),。

練習(xí)行書(shū)在開(kāi)始的時(shí)候有一個(gè)適應(yīng)的階段,熟能生巧,,從一個(gè)字到一段字,,從幾個(gè)字、一行字到一篇字,,逐漸掌握行書(shū)的規(guī)律,,慢慢也就形成了屬于你自己的行書(shū)風(fēng)格,。要善于從多方面吸取營(yíng)養(yǎng),名人題字,,商家牌匾,,學(xué)校老師甚至是同學(xué)之間,只要認(rèn)真觀察,,都可以找到別人寫(xiě)的好字,,學(xué)會(huì)了,就成了自己的字,。

行書(shū)技巧

增加鉤挑與牽絲

楷書(shū)書(shū)寫(xiě)要一筆一畫(huà),、工工整整,行書(shū)則不然,,是將點(diǎn)畫(huà)連起來(lái)書(shū)寫(xiě),,即所謂“相間流行”,所以行書(shū)書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)在點(diǎn)心之間自然地出現(xiàn)或增加了由于用筆帶出來(lái)的鉤挑和牽絲,。所謂鉤挑是在原來(lái)沒(méi)有鉤挑的點(diǎn)畫(huà)上,,行筆時(shí)順勢(shì)寫(xiě)出來(lái)短鉤,如“茂”等字,。所謂牽絲則是在前后或上下筆本不相連的點(diǎn)畫(huà)之間,,順筆勢(shì)帶出來(lái)細(xì)細(xì)的牽絲,如“發(fā)”“想”等字,。在行書(shū)的點(diǎn)畫(huà)之間有了鉤挑與牽絲,,則顯得筆勢(shì)流動(dòng)通暢和諧,意態(tài)自然,,給人一種生機(jī)勃勃的感覺(jué),。

注意:

鉤挑與牽絲不能使用太多太弱,用多了,,到處都是鉤挑與細(xì)牽絲,,顯得用筆不干凈利索,造型不美觀,;太弱了,,鉤腳如肉瘤,細(xì)絲如棉線,,顯得軟弱無(wú)力,,缺乏鐵畫(huà)銀鉤之健美。

以圓轉(zhuǎn)代方折

行書(shū)轉(zhuǎn)折處多采用草書(shū)圓轉(zhuǎn)的寫(xiě)法,,所以行書(shū)才顯得筆勢(shì)流暢,。但需注意,行書(shū)的圓轉(zhuǎn)中隱含著折意,,寫(xiě)時(shí)仍需要駐筆,、提按,,否則圓潤(rùn)而無(wú)力,缺乏方圓兼?zhèn)?,方中有圓,,圓中有方之妙趣,,如“后”,、“落”、“生”等字,。

改變書(shū)寫(xiě)筆順

小學(xué)老師強(qiáng)調(diào)寫(xiě)字注意筆順,,這確實(shí)是很重要,特別是楷書(shū),。然而在行書(shū)中,,有時(shí)有意識(shí)地改變楷書(shū)的書(shū)寫(xiě)筆順,而采用草書(shū)的筆順,,其目的是便于書(shū)寫(xiě),,同時(shí)也是為了造型的變化多姿,如“感”字,。

注意:

一般地說(shuō)行書(shū)寫(xiě)法也足先上后下先左后右,,先內(nèi)后外,但有時(shí)卻反其道而行之,,倒也別有風(fēng)趣,,如“風(fēng)”“國(guó)”字等,但也必須注意,,改變書(shū)寫(xiě)筆順一定要因勢(shì)利導(dǎo),,要合乎草書(shū)的規(guī)范。且不宜多,,偶見(jiàn)則收,,方能成趣,如果濫用成災(zāi),,使人乏味,,就失敗了。

用筆靈活

行書(shū)比楷書(shū)用筆靈活多變,,同樣的點(diǎn)畫(huà)可以這樣寫(xiě),,可以那樣寫(xiě),不受約束,。如“也”字的浮鵝鉤,,一般是回鋒收筆而出。但如果勾端由上翻筆而下也可以,。又如木字旁,,一般是寫(xiě)好橫畫(huà)和豎畫(huà)后,、筆勢(shì)總是從左邊帶出撇挑,但從右邊挑筆而上,,然后順筆就勢(shì)寫(xiě)出撇挑,,也有道理。如“楊”字,。

起筆露鋒入紙

楷書(shū)無(wú)論是點(diǎn),、橫,還是撇,、捺,,都強(qiáng)調(diào)減鋒為主。而在行書(shū)中起筆處以露鋒人紙為多,,因?yàn)槁朵h人紙,,書(shū)寫(xiě)起來(lái)比較簡(jiǎn)捷方便,自然流暢,,例如“生”字的左豎,,“紅”字的撇畫(huà)及“工”字橫畫(huà)的起筆,“河”字三點(diǎn)水的側(cè)點(diǎn)等,,都是露鋒人紙,。然而必須說(shuō)明的是,上面所說(shuō)的字雖然都是露鋒人紙,,但不是隨便的順?shù)h搭下一寫(xiě),,而是仍要“逆鋒”,只是這個(gè)“逆鋒”是要求凌空取勢(shì),,即搶鋒,。不理解這一點(diǎn),就會(huì)犯落筆尖細(xì)軟弱的毛病,。

注意:

露鋒入紙,,取勢(shì)要求要快,寫(xiě)出字來(lái),,筆意就生動(dòng)活潑.而藏鋒取勢(shì)較慢,,筆意含蓄凝重。這兩種寫(xiě)法各有所長(zhǎng),,我們書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)相互結(jié)合摻用,,這樣可以各得其所,相得益彰,。一般說(shuō),,行書(shū)開(kāi)頭的起筆往往是露鋒入紙,而以下的承筆處則多數(shù)是藏鋒用筆,。

以點(diǎn)代替其他筆畫(huà)

為書(shū)寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)便敏捷,,行書(shū)常常以“點(diǎn)”來(lái)代替其他筆畫(huà),,以短小的“點(diǎn)”代替其他較長(zhǎng)大的筆畫(huà),可以使字的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)發(fā)生變化,,造型更為別致,。如將“京”,“影”字中的“小一字改寫(xiě)為三點(diǎn)則更敏捷,,字型發(fā)生了變化,,顯得饒有趣味。又如“大”字,,將捺筆寫(xiě)成側(cè)點(diǎn)來(lái)表示,,這樣書(shū)寫(xiě)起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)捷流暢,,造型也顯得精悍樸實(shí),,別具風(fēng)味。

體態(tài)多變

行書(shū)是介于楷書(shū)與草書(shū)之間的一種兼工帶寫(xiě)的字體,,它的使用范圍很廣,,表現(xiàn)力豐富,常常一個(gè)字有幾種寫(xiě)法,,體態(tài)多變,,姿態(tài)各異,如“是”字有四種寫(xiě)法,,四個(gè)姿態(tài),,結(jié)尾收筆各有不同,有收有放,,亦工亦草,,情趣盎然。再如“英,、落,、草、奠,、花”同是草字頭,,但寫(xiě)法各不相同,生動(dòng)活潑,,耐人尋味,。如果同樣的字或是字頭字尾相同的字,寫(xiě)得千篇一律,,沒(méi)有變化,,使人看了乏味,那就不稱其為書(shū)法了,。

運(yùn)筆的技巧

中鋒行筆

中鋒行筆就是要使筆鋒保持在點(diǎn)畫(huà)中間行筆,。中鋒行筆是用筆的關(guān)鍵,,是書(shū)法的生命。要能達(dá)到中鋒行筆,,就要在行筆時(shí)掌握好掌豎,、腕平、筆桿直,,同時(shí)還要隨著墨液緩緩下流而不斷調(diào)正筆鋒,,“令筆心常在點(diǎn)畫(huà)中行”。篆,、隸,、楷書(shū)是這樣,行書(shū)亦如此,,如“乎”,、“本”字除落筆和收筆外,中間所有的點(diǎn)畫(huà)都是中鋒行筆,,“華”字亦是,。

劃重點(diǎn):中鋒行筆,筆跡圓潤(rùn),、道勁,,妍美。

裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆

所謂裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆即是在轉(zhuǎn)折處,,用筆使毫不能太鋪,,要有所收斂,同時(shí)筆桿要稍加使轉(zhuǎn),,以圓轉(zhuǎn)代替方折,,如“思”、“里”,、“風(fēng)”字的轉(zhuǎn)角處即是,。行書(shū)之所以比楷書(shū)書(shū)寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)便,其中一個(gè)原因,,就是以圓轉(zhuǎn)代替方折,。裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆,轉(zhuǎn)折處玲瓏流利,,有一種活潑,、自然的流動(dòng)感。蔡邕在《九勢(shì)》中所說(shuō)的“轉(zhuǎn)筆宜左右回顧,,無(wú)使節(jié)目孤露”就是指裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆,。但要注意裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆處,必須圓轉(zhuǎn)中隱含折意,故書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)仍需駐筆,、提按,,否則圓而無(wú)骨,缺乏方圓兼?zhèn)渲钊ぁ?/p>

折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆

所謂折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆,,即轉(zhuǎn)筆時(shí)如同寫(xiě)楷書(shū)一樣,,先提后折,頓筆后再調(diào)鋒而下,,只是書(shū)寫(xiě)速度略快些,,轉(zhuǎn)折處投有楷書(shū)那么方折,而是既看出是方折之意,,又有圓渾之感,,有骨有肉,骨肉兼?zhèn)?,即所謂“方中有回,,圓中有方”。使人看了圓潤(rùn),、渾厚,、勁挺,。欲如此,,則折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆處要有方折的意味,折時(shí)要重些,,輕重提按要一筆小茍,,不能一筆帶過(guò)。折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆寫(xiě)出來(lái)的折畫(huà),,不僅要方而見(jiàn)骨,,而且要給人一種風(fēng)骨挺立,神采飛揚(yáng)的感覺(jué),。如“曲”“故”“總”字,。

劃重點(diǎn):行書(shū)中的折筆寫(xiě)法,不外折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆和裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆兩種用筆,。折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆外露,,裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆內(nèi)含,各有千秋,,但一般說(shuō)在行書(shū)中以裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆為主,,折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆為輔。

衄鋒勒筆

衄鋒勒筆,,就是點(diǎn)畫(huà)中間稍用力頓挫一下,,再中鋒勒筆而出。衄鋒勒筆大多數(shù)是用在反撩與撇的交接處,如“又”,、“文”,、“交”字的反捺中間用筆。衄鋒勒筆,,用筆收斂蓄勢(shì),,短小精悍,而形態(tài)也有變化,。這種用筆米芾書(shū)法中常用,。

劃重點(diǎn):衄鋒勒筆在衄鋒時(shí)要有力,勒筆處要迅速,,捺畫(huà)末筆要收得住,。

提鋒連筆

提鋒連筆即提筆連鋒,也就是在點(diǎn)畫(huà)相連處用筆提而不斷,,鋒尖著紙帶出牽絲,。凡是點(diǎn)畫(huà)間有牽絲相連者都是提筆連鋒用筆。這種用筆的好處是:“是點(diǎn)畫(huà)處皆重,,非畫(huà)處,,偶相牽引,其筆皆輕,?!保ń纭独m(xù)書(shū)譜》)且主次分明叉遞相映帶,如“墨”,、“照”,、“然”的點(diǎn)畫(huà)牽引處。

在書(shū)寫(xiě)過(guò)程中,,提和按,,連和斷,互為辯證的關(guān)系,。提鋒連筆是牽絲的寫(xiě)法,,非牽絲處都是字的實(shí)畫(huà)。我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,,一定要注意用筆要實(shí),,不能虛,用筆要按不能提,。只有按得下,,方能提得起,只有實(shí)是實(shí),,方能虛是虛,。

字組黃金法則

書(shū)法的形式是各種造型的組合關(guān)系。例如點(diǎn)畫(huà)與點(diǎn)畫(huà)的組合、結(jié)體與結(jié)體的組合,、字組的組合,、行的組合、區(qū)域的組合,,直至筆墨與空白的組合等,。這些組合從小到大,隨著組合關(guān)系的不斷擴(kuò)大,,審美內(nèi)涵也逐漸豐富,。

行書(shū)的結(jié)構(gòu)和章法的規(guī)則要求主要是:結(jié)體大小輕重要適當(dāng),長(zhǎng)短縱橫要合度,,疏密黑白要相稱,,左右欹正相呼應(yīng),使之錯(cuò)落變化,,氣勢(shì)貫通,,協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一,神定氣足,。

以米芾的《苕溪詩(shī)帖》為例子,,來(lái)窺探米顛他這部曠世作品里常見(jiàn)字與字之間的呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系,進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的總結(jié)和歸類,。

欹正組合

欹正是指部分偏旁,、部首或局部作傾斜、欹側(cè)處理,,又能傾而不倒,,平中寓奇,增加字的變化和意外的奇趣,。欹正得體就是說(shuō),歪的與正的陰陽(yáng)配合到完美,,指字寫(xiě)的很完美,。

濃淡組合

書(shū)法是通過(guò)墨來(lái)表現(xiàn)的,墨法是書(shū)法的四大要素之一被書(shū)家重視,。墨色的變化,,一般有“濃、淡,、干,、濕、漲”,。作品中的墨色的深淺枯潤(rùn),,可以造成雄奇或秀媚的書(shū)法意境。

大小組合

在行書(shū)作品中,字的大小是賓主關(guān)系,,主次分明,。把較大的筆畫(huà)較粗的主字分布原則掌握了,較小的筆畫(huà)較細(xì)的字分布原則也是一樣的,。

行書(shū)與草書(shū)組合

首先是字型結(jié)構(gòu)方面,,草書(shū)的字型變化很大,大小不一,,不是內(nèi)行的話一般很難辨認(rèn),。而行書(shū)大小就比較一致了,看起來(lái)很工整,。其次是筆法方面,,草書(shū)筆法相對(duì)復(fù)雜些,且運(yùn)筆較疾,。而行書(shū)相對(duì)緩和,,其鋒刃體現(xiàn)在字形上,和草書(shū)有所區(qū)別,。最后是章法,。草書(shū)的章法是在起承轉(zhuǎn)合中一氣呵成,有一種大將風(fēng)范,。而行書(shū)則像一位隱士,,不失工整,卻又不乏氣場(chǎng),。

粗細(xì)組合

線條,,尤其是行書(shū)的線條,其輕,、重,、長(zhǎng)、短,、粗,、細(xì)、濃,、淡,、枯、潤(rùn)等等,,變化無(wú)窮,,儀態(tài)萬(wàn)千,技法俱分高下,,情態(tài)盡在其中,。難怪有人說(shuō)書(shū)法是“線條藝術(shù)”,。

行書(shū)線條有其藝術(shù)法則的規(guī)范性。不是任何隨意抹畫(huà)出來(lái)的線條都可稱之為行書(shū)藝術(shù)的線條,,他們必須符合行書(shū)法則規(guī)范性要求并經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期技法訓(xùn)練之后才能被書(shū)者所擁有,。

這種規(guī)范性要求是客觀的,不依書(shū)者主觀意志為轉(zhuǎn)移,。書(shū)者只有在掌握了規(guī)范性要求的前提下方能發(fā)展和張揚(yáng)其個(gè)性,。區(qū)分寫(xiě)字與書(shū)法,必須首先看其是否具有“法度意識(shí)”即“規(guī)范意識(shí)”,,是否符合規(guī)范性要求,。

連體組合

連畫(huà)寫(xiě)法在行書(shū)中,除了橫,、豎,、撇、挑,、捺,、點(diǎn)、折,、勾外,,還常常有多個(gè)筆畫(huà)連在一起寫(xiě)的情況,簡(jiǎn)稱連筆或連畫(huà),。連畫(huà)的式雖然紛繁復(fù)雜,,但分解起來(lái),無(wú)非是直線弧線,、轉(zhuǎn)和折的組合,。直線和爪線較易分辨,也較易書(shū)寫(xiě),,只要及時(shí)運(yùn)腕,,做到中鋒行筆即可,比較不易分清的是轉(zhuǎn)和折,。書(shū)寫(xiě)復(fù)雜的連畫(huà)時(shí),,必須注意靈活運(yùn)腕和轉(zhuǎn)折相間等原則。

橫縱組合

主要表現(xiàn)為點(diǎn)畫(huà),、部件或整體字形的長(zhǎng)寬比例??瑫?shū)字形一般比例較為穩(wěn)定,,而行書(shū)則常隨時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

省略組合

一般情況是凡字的固有筆畫(huà)則重些,,而兩畫(huà)之間的連接相應(yīng)輕些,,但不可截然跳動(dòng),,否則呆板無(wú)神。牽絲形成連的效果是行書(shū)的主要特征之一,,但卻要運(yùn)用得當(dāng),。一味的牽連纏繞,當(dāng)斷不斷,,反而弄巧成拙,,形成浮滑薄弱之病,是行書(shū)書(shū)寫(xiě)中的大忌,。一位書(shū)法家講過(guò)“連與斷效果不同,,連易斷難,故當(dāng)知斷”,。因此將牽絲引帶與點(diǎn)畫(huà)呼應(yīng)分開(kāi)來(lái)講以區(qū)別它們的不同功用,,這是行書(shū)的又一重要特征。

疏密組合

疏密體現(xiàn)在結(jié)字上,,就是要加強(qiáng)對(duì)比,,制造視覺(jué)反差。如勢(shì)巧形密與意疏字緩,。

排列組合

從漢字的特點(diǎn)和人的生理習(xí)慣來(lái)看,,因?yàn)槭怯沂謱?xiě)字,左手執(zhí)冊(cè)個(gè)字的筆順自然是從上至下,,自左而右的方便,。如果從右往左寫(xiě),寫(xiě)左半部時(shí),,毛筆勢(shì)必?fù)踝∮野胱中?,不便于安排結(jié)構(gòu),,影響結(jié)字的美觀。而每個(gè)漢字的未筆都是在中下或右下,寫(xiě)完上一字的末筆緊接著寫(xiě)下一字的起筆,,豎式書(shū)寫(xiě)比橫式書(shū)寫(xiě)更方便,更便于筆勢(shì)的連貫,。

十大行書(shū)

第一行書(shū)

《蘭亭序》是王羲之47歲時(shí)的書(shū)作,,記述的是王羲之和友人雅士會(huì)聚蘭亭的盛游之事。全篇從容嫻和,,氣盛神凝,,逸筆天成,匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)而又不毫無(wú)安排造作的痕跡,。這樣資質(zhì)超群,、功力深厚的作品,被評(píng)“為天下第一行書(shū)”,,確實(shí)是當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的,。

第二行書(shū)

《祭侄文稿》,,全名《祭侄贈(zèng)贊善大夫季明文》。原作紙本,,縱28.8厘米,。橫75.5厘米,共234字(另有涂抹字30余個(gè))?,F(xiàn)藏臺(tái)北故宮博物院,。顏真卿這篇《祭侄文草稿》是在極度悲憤的情緒下書(shū)寫(xiě),顧不得筆墨的工拙,,故字隨書(shū)家情緒起伏,,純是精神和平時(shí)功力的自然流露。這在整個(gè)書(shū)法史上都是不多見(jiàn)的,??梢哉f(shuō),《祭侄文稿》是極具史料價(jià)值和藝術(shù)價(jià)值的墨跡原作之一,,至為寶貴,。

第三行書(shū)

《黃州寒食詩(shī)帖》,紙本,,25行,,共129字,是蘇軾行書(shū)的代表作,。這是一首遣興的詩(shī)作,,是蘇軾被貶黃州第三年的寒食節(jié)所發(fā)出的人生之嘆。詩(shī)寫(xiě)得蒼涼多情,,表達(dá)了蘇軾其時(shí)惆悵孤獨(dú)的心情,。《黃州寒食詩(shī)帖》彰顯動(dòng)勢(shì),,洋溢著起伏的情緒,。元朝鮮于樞把它稱為繼王羲之《蘭亭序》、顏真卿《祭侄稿》之后的"天下第三行書(shū)",。

第四行書(shū)

《伯遠(yuǎn)帖》行書(shū)紙本,,因首行有“伯遠(yuǎn)”二字,遂以帖名,。此帖為晉代真跡,,王珣書(shū),故列希珍之寶,。此帖行書(shū),,筆力遒勁,態(tài)致蕭散,,妍媚流便,,是典型的王氏書(shū)風(fēng)。是帖明末在新安吳新宇處,,后歸吳廷,,曾刻入《馀清齋帖》,至清代時(shí)歸入內(nèi)府,,并與王羲之《快雪時(shí)晴帖》,、王獻(xiàn)之《中秋帖》同列為三希堂法帖之一,現(xiàn)藏北京故宮博物院,。

第五行書(shū)

《韭花帖》,,楊凝式書(shū),墨跡麻紙本,,高26厘米,,寬28厘米,共7行,,63字,。《韭花帖》是一封信札,,內(nèi)容是敘述午睡醒來(lái),,腹中甚饑之時(shí),恰逢有人饋贈(zèng)韭花,,韭花非??煽冢靾?zhí)筆以表示謝意,。

第六行書(shū)

《蒙詔帖》,,墨跡紙本,又名《翰林帖》,,高26.8厘米,,長(zhǎng)57.4厘米,大字行書(shū),,計(jì)7行,,27字,書(shū)于長(zhǎng)慶元年(公元821年),,當(dāng)時(shí)柳公權(quán)四十四歲,,年富力強(qiáng),正是他書(shū)法創(chuàng)作的顛峰期,,所以字如驚鴻擊空,。

第七行書(shū)

《張翰思鱸帖》也稱《季鷹帖》,是歐陽(yáng)詢?yōu)閺埡矊?xiě)的小傳,,屬于行楷,,無(wú)款,。紙本,縱25.2厘米,,橫33厘米,。共10行,每行九至十一字,。字體修長(zhǎng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),,筆力剛勁挺撥,風(fēng)格平正中見(jiàn)險(xiǎn)峻之勢(shì),,是歐書(shū)中的精品,。

第八行書(shū)

《蜀素帖》是米芾三十八歲時(shí)(1088年),在蜀素上所書(shū)的各體詩(shī)八首,。此帖用筆多變,,正側(cè)藏露,長(zhǎng)短粗細(xì),,體態(tài)萬(wàn)千,,充分體現(xiàn)了他“刷字”的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格。結(jié)字也俯仰斜正,,變化極大,,并以欹側(cè)為主,表現(xiàn)了動(dòng)態(tài)的美感,。董其昌在《蜀素帖》后跋曰:“此卷如獅子搏象,,以全力赴之,當(dāng)為生平合作,?!?/p>

第九行書(shū)

《松風(fēng)閣詩(shī)帖》墨跡紙本,縱32.8厘米橫219.2厘米,,全文計(jì)29行,,153字。臺(tái)北故宮博物院藏,。

黃庭堅(jiān)的行書(shū),,如《松風(fēng)閣》,起筆處欲右先左,,由畫(huà)中藏鋒逆入至左頓筆,,然后平出,“無(wú)平不陂”,,下筆著意變化,;收筆處回鋒藏穎。善藏鋒,注意頓挫,,以“畫(huà)竹法作書(shū)”給人以“沉著痛快”的感覺(jué),。

第十行書(shū)

《土母帖》,行書(shū)墨跡,,紙本,。縱31.2厘米,,橫44.4厘米,10行,,共104字,。后有蕭引高、王嚴(yán)實(shí),、王稱等跋,。《珊瑚綱》《書(shū)畫(huà)匯考》《墨緣匯觀》《石渠寶笈續(xù)編》著錄,。臺(tái)北故宮博物院藏,。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū),又稱“行押書(shū)”,,也稱“藁書(shū)”,,是介于楷書(shū)和草書(shū)之間的一種書(shū)體??瑫?shū)稍加連貫,,點(diǎn)畫(huà)略帶呼應(yīng),就是行書(shū),。行書(shū)寫(xiě)起來(lái)比楷書(shū)快,,又比草書(shū)容易識(shí)認(rèn),所以是應(yīng)用最廣的書(shū)體,。它既實(shí)用,,又美觀,寫(xiě)起來(lái)便捷,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4aE402auGgSmmtW0KQep9N"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncUyaQmms04Sa2zFsbUI2ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)大致以其作品所具有的楷書(shū)和草書(shū)成分,,劃分為兩類:作品中楷書(shū)成分較多的稱之為行楷或楷行、真行:作品中草書(shū)成分較多的則稱之為行草或草行,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneY8iG0IKOSicElqlROpOTf"},,"attrs":{"height":240,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)分類","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e6d4cfb4c724fe2a50bc9fe27bff8dc","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiMuEeu6KU4Y6CxkhgVSwg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬筆行書(shū)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCIIoaIocYeGw32CPfbbHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0IOUKCaUeqMc34iSKLlUq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正確的書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)不只是為了好看,,還可以使書(shū)寫(xiě)技能得到充分、有效地發(fā)揮,,有助于書(shū)寫(xiě)者的身心健康,。書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)同時(shí)也反映出書(shū)寫(xiě)者的修養(yǎng),只有身正才會(huì)字正。正確的姿勢(shì)應(yīng)是頭正,、身直,、肩平、胸舒,、臂開(kāi),、足安。(如下圖)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wqMMEEiWK8OiSzYNHJStb"},,"attrs":{"height":226,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a40508b1d7ef468ab40fdfcd01534c40","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnSUKKakM2KekcminomBeyLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、頭部端正:頭要居中,,稍向前下方俯視,眼睛與紙面一尺距離,,不可俯得太低,,也不可左偏、右斜,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8s24cQaSg82y03cujOMIS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中間大部,不能扭向一邊,,兩肩平齊,,上身不彎曲,使上身重心安穩(wěn),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQwUUyUQUkM4uefGQBv2gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、臂開(kāi)胸舒:兩臂自然開(kāi)張,兩肘平放桌面,,保持一線,,腹背挺直,胸口與桌沿保持一拳距離,,使呼吸順暢,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSoYiKiMyo0oYG4KjKiM9Ed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿開(kāi)足安:兩腿分開(kāi),,與肩同寬,,自然下垂,內(nèi)側(cè)保持平行,,兩腳平放地上,,使全身平衡。正確的書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì),,才能使字寫(xiě)得端正,,重心平衡。同時(shí),,正確的姿勢(shì)也會(huì)給人的身體帶來(lái)益處,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6mMuygeoOAAbeNdCTR3sR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"執(zhí)筆方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwOuYqCOUmyOElewXFfoue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"執(zhí)筆方法不正確,,不但妨礙書(shū)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì),影響書(shū)寫(xiě)質(zhì)量,,還會(huì)給書(shū)寫(xiě)者身心健康帶來(lái)危害,,不可忽視。根據(jù)筆的自身特點(diǎn),,硬筆是三指執(zhí)筆法,,斜拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOyeGgCKysSuoR4AWMSTlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正確的執(zhí)筆方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Y2OUi0EcSesIUbc1vozpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指,、食指,、中指三個(gè)指頭捏住筆桿(三指處于同一平面);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiwu0UCAOYacIu6KGL2H3r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距筆尖約2.5cm~3cm(兩指左右),;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY6kCIqw0i082UZUfuDnTDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指關(guān)節(jié)都向外彎,;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqouSwww48YQ45GHVukRNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④筆桿位于食指的根部(如下圖)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkoKMOqEkee8w8Vu8sYbtOg"},,"attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"執(zhí)筆方法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2476017c5da14695a5b88c8300e664d5","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnk2eq26YwUeQye0miiDVODh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同時(shí),,還要做到:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkYyAe0YMcmwsNUG9hBGmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①指實(shí):拇指、食指,、中指來(lái)自三方的力量,,處在與筆桿垂直的同一圓角上,將筆桿夾牢,,松緊適度,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8MAI8SUaSEEowxU0syE1Rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②掌虛:無(wú)名指和小指緊隨中指下部依次靠攏,并向掌心彎曲,、虛握,。小指的整個(gè)底部形成一個(gè)環(huán)形底座,虛貼桌面,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYqGg4KaqUsUm4I9Irngdfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③桿斜:筆桿向右后方傾斜,,緊靠在食指第三關(guān)節(jié)與虎口方向,與桌面呈45°角,。如果寫(xiě)較大的字,,手指向前伸直,筆桿與紙面角度減??;書(shū)寫(xiě)較小的字手指向掌心收縮,筆桿與紙面角度大,,宜于精離細(xì)琢,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWGwGcMy8qowe4sTzMLSAvd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaya08WYQEEgOA9x1F1eDg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WKOMyA0IiGeeq3QniKiwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鋼筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawaQGACeGAi4A9G4AT0UCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具備一支書(shū)寫(xiě)流暢的鋼筆,是開(kāi)始練習(xí)行書(shū)的基礎(chǔ)條件,。眾所周知,,隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步,簽字筆已經(jīng)深入到社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面,我們?cè)诮^大部分時(shí)候都是使用簽字筆來(lái)寫(xiě)字,,使用鋼筆的時(shí)候比較少,。但是想要練習(xí)好行書(shū),則必須要有一支書(shū)寫(xiě)流暢的鋼筆,。鋼筆不同于簽字筆,,它可以更好地適應(yīng)行書(shū)的書(shū)寫(xiě)順序,保證書(shū)寫(xiě)出來(lái)的行書(shū)更加漂亮,。明尖筆,,彈性略大一點(diǎn),筆畫(huà)變化稍大,,更適合書(shū)法,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAOAGWos4YIA0nNNjF1oZ7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦鋼筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwCceOkKmec2ADd4rKqTZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"適合練字的鋼筆,日筆應(yīng)該比歐筆更適合一些,。推薦白金3776,,百樂(lè)78G,寫(xiě)樂(lè)21K等,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IuGQ8eQO2oostFB9eXqxh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選字帖臨摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnycuY0ckCq0eciOKdFwPLIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"買一本包含常用字在內(nèi)的行書(shū)字體進(jìn)行模仿練習(xí)是練習(xí)行書(shū)的基本方法,。我們常說(shuō)先學(xué)會(huì)走路再學(xué)會(huì)跑,如果還沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)走路是不可能學(xué)會(huì)跑的,。練習(xí)行書(shū)也是如此,,首先是要學(xué)會(huì)名家的習(xí)作,學(xué)會(huì)他們的書(shū)寫(xiě)方式,,照著樣子先臨摹,、描紅,然后再過(guò)渡到自己來(lái)練習(xí)書(shū)寫(xiě),。在具體選擇的時(shí)候,,一定要選用包括常用字在內(nèi)的字帖,這樣更加有利于今后的具體實(shí)踐使用,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneCiuKQMIwUs8CWBJHmBafc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"適合練習(xí)的字帖推薦以下啟功《論書(shū)絕句百首》,、梁鼎光的《鋼筆臨帖》、田英章老師的字帖,、顧仲安的字帖,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QWMYKeaA8AWSEuXAihhyc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"堅(jiān)持練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWiO0OWMcK88GWYnoQZnF3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"寫(xiě)好行書(shū)并非一朝一夕之功,需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的練習(xí)才能成功,。對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō),,如果有一定的書(shū)法基礎(chǔ),可以很快上手練習(xí)行書(shū),。如果還沒(méi)有練習(xí)其他字體的書(shū)法基礎(chǔ),,最好是先練習(xí)正楷字,、鋼筆字然后再過(guò)渡到行書(shū)的書(shū)寫(xiě),這是學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程,。因此,,練習(xí)行書(shū)沒(méi)有捷徑可以走,有的就是每天堅(jiān)持練習(xí),,持之以恒地堅(jiān)持下去,。一般來(lái)說(shuō),有一年左右的時(shí)間就可以書(shū)寫(xiě)出一手漂亮的行書(shū),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8aoyKwWaQec4WCK3D6nuRc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"連筆意識(shí)訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Gms0uSOc2S0Cu3LPF6tad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGCoc6OEYwk6oI1CFDJi6Rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要寫(xiě)好硬筆行書(shū),,首先要了解行書(shū)的運(yùn)筆特點(diǎn),即行書(shū)是流動(dòng)的楷書(shū),,它的基本筆畫(huà)就反映了這一特征,。因此,我們通過(guò)基本筆畫(huà)訓(xùn)練,,逐漸掌握行書(shū)運(yùn)筆要領(lǐng),,為寫(xiě)好行書(shū)奠定基礎(chǔ)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScECckGgIqYWcrQ83Iu5Db"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、點(diǎn)畫(huà):行書(shū)點(diǎn)雖小,,但很重要,起著筆畫(huà)的起止,、過(guò)渡、裝飾,、承上啟下,、畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。點(diǎn)有獨(dú)立點(diǎn),、組合點(diǎn)兩種,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnouAoKEIIIkYA2rdaxDWlAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"獨(dú)立點(diǎn),寫(xiě)法如楷書(shū)筆畫(huà)中撇點(diǎn),,右下頓筆由輕到重轉(zhuǎn)向左下,,方向視下一筆畫(huà)起筆位置而定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUqk2WKKe6uGSIceKiXVpb"},,"attrs":{"height":80,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1fbdd0fc295f4a3a815a2b0f3d6b67ad","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnw2OQEIcW4wWy6xC8LxP6Nc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"組合點(diǎn),,橫式排列,、豎式排列,重點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)出點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)之間的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6si2cc4mWEqKaAlZt0LXch"},,"attrs":{"height":384,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11b7945f5cb546d3aa8f56b557856e6e","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnauKumWsSUEsygh07G1gA6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、橫畫(huà):行書(shū)橫畫(huà)在字中起平衡作用,隨意性大,,起,、收筆變化多端,,短橫有時(shí)處理成點(diǎn),數(shù)橫并存忌平行劃一,,要姿態(tài)各異,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn604qGyKGyuSGYr3jMVZbeu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短橫:起筆輕,收筆重,,末端收筆可向左下勾出,,以呼應(yīng)下一筆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI2e8UGeQ0cq0Uio4iKv5z"},,"attrs":{"height":123,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33364bc4a3d44c36a984600ad68c41db","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcniam0CGK4WAkccrA5SLvR2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"長(zhǎng)橫:起筆向左下輕落筆,,快而有力向右運(yùn)筆,,駐筆后左下方出鋒運(yùn)筆中間輕、兩頭重,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAuuAGEKE8SyUNGuXQdDAg"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de867c5dfe5040f793c15991deef8dc5","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn6sS6aMkq4yK8A4fEFbiWhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、豎畫(huà):豎畫(huà)有左豎、右豎,、短豎,、懸針、垂露之分,。左豎向右上回鋒與下筆呼應(yīng),;右豎向左下出鋒引帶下畫(huà)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm68iwScaOMYigna9iEeC9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"懸針豎:垂直書(shū)寫(xiě),,出鋒不可隨意甩出,,以免輕浮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wkQYuIYAguqSomBUypzJd"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f35393ac415d4036a585bd61f1fb8916","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnK2wwyiIAImOMuMmhXnVWFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"垂露豎:收尾呈露珠狀,,但不一定垂直,,往往左側(cè)向左凸,右側(cè)向右凸,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnasEqqkQ6kWc0WgqZNleuic"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/001c7a5eca7a4696a423645cae83d76c","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnSOmY6GqC6AKA4YxA5iB17c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4,、撇畫(huà):撇在字中是支撐重心作用,具有較強(qiáng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)感,,其特點(diǎn)飄逸勁健,,靈動(dòng)活潑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoEYeUIeIGuEMEd8HDRRLfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小撇:乃字之精神,,寫(xiě)法與楷書(shū)同,。要注意長(zhǎng)短、粗細(xì)及筆的走向,,出鋒銳利,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4AUQsicgYYgCWmahZUC3nf"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/787d504d437b41e4a6ca927aa8225742","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnqkWesoGi2YKaeoGforcowf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"長(zhǎng)撇:中間部分要粗些,但勿過(guò)分,,筆法與楷書(shū)同,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYMyKM4eiOcAykrzHfjCWf"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cc89e15f85447cb8ea62400b62b882f","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnGUYEWiOISo6YUG5Fcjmtpu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回帶撇:起筆,、中間部分與楷同,只是收筆處回鋒出鉤,,以連帶下面筆畫(huà),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOCEmY8sGGOaoTxSp11PBf"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c151d3c9337b4869a1c6729eedabb67a","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn8KGkYWYkgaIOA3SbSc2rRK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、捺畫(huà):在字中支撐字的重心,,姿態(tài)飄逸,,一波三折,給人以流動(dòng)的美,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEQC8ywieE8sgJc0w7d1Sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜捺:由輕到重再輕收筆出鋒,,與左撇呼應(yīng),行書(shū)中亦可寫(xiě)成反捺或捺點(diǎn):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO28eWMYAqsaUQ5yt13vn9g"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6136180da8494cac99a53e5217575bc0","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnWWweE2aYMK8Uqo1Iei83ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平捺:寫(xiě)法同捺,,關(guān)鍵把握好它的角度和長(zhǎng)短,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuCk4I0waigQC4wVFCwSmHb"},,"attrs":{"height":96,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c2edf6f4fa5047f1985d836dde0bd3ba","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnI8Ss42GsgyyGQpj2Rd0fSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、鉤畫(huà):鉤畫(huà)種類繁多(豎鉤,、橫鉤,、臥鉤、斜鉤,、彎鉤,、豎彎鉤、橫折鉤,、橫折彎鉤等),,要做到穩(wěn)重而有氣勢(shì),體現(xiàn)出內(nèi)在力量,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweMCQssyieeWOKSnTLf5Id"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橫鉤:逆勢(shì)起筆與上筆遙相呼應(yīng),,轉(zhuǎn)角處不必像楷書(shū)那樣嚴(yán)格,但要有力,;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsiy8EW08SswoJ0zoojdGg"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/360d04f73a124935a82545ba51b8202c","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnaukIcI8SegciADGFiLglhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"豎鉤:豎垂直鉤處多變,可向左上勾出,,亦可作左下方出鋒,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyeYa40QaOcKUQjUBI7wJYe"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83a689053c144fa0bb7fb8d33086f32b","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcny06UWciUe0cqe8nyn8dUxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、折畫(huà):折畫(huà)一般在字的外圍,,對(duì)字包圍之勢(shì),,書(shū)寫(xiě)要有力度,筆勢(shì)內(nèi)聚,,使字不散,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOCI4kik4uUQOyl4hD6Ric"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"豎折:由上至左下快速落筆,蓄勢(shì)向右上方徐徐運(yùn)筆,,中間微上凸,;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmKCeyG2oUOCIE3gZAvL6Je"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)筆畫(huà)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dac63cf650b44b9b9f49dac8e4663716","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnWgS4OqKQYK2kYzKhbSMgee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橫折:起筆重落,,徐向右運(yùn)筆,拐彎處快速向下彎去,,至收筆處稍駐,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuc8SqYcoCIW8tukQR1sAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、提畫(huà):提畫(huà)尖銳挺拔,,勁健有力,,能增加字的力度和速度,美觀,??煞譃槎烫帷㈤L(zhǎng)提,、撇提,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIc6MuesGSyAqmcah60tUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提:行書(shū)提起筆由上而左下迅速落筆,稍駐回筆向右上方迅速挑出,,出鋒尖利,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKUUcs6eywEoI12Bnbj897"},,"attrs":{"height":80,"note":[{"type":"t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意連下一筆;絞絲旁折筆處是兩弧形,,無(wú)撇畫(huà),、豎畫(huà),收筆回鋒斜上作提,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyqAKukYUSEG6niaBJjQVd"},,"attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)偏旁部練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e95dc279e97c42ab8cfe82456e844380","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnocU4S04eK4ySe0lGdlF7ic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)具體字訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEkKyCI2ewomYGbZ4XwwJ6X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"筆畫(huà)與偏旁是結(jié)字的基礎(chǔ),,最終要結(jié)合成端莊、美觀,、令人賞心悅目的漢字,。我們從思想上要有筆畫(huà)之間是流動(dòng)的,不是僵死的,;筆畫(huà)之間是呼應(yīng)的,,而不是孤立的這種連帶或筆斷意連意識(shí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuY2W4AQECEq6S84z5NTlFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、連橫訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0E6eCeKq6q20o4I9w0Wpe"},,"attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)具體字訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de514a527afa451da724b5eb84f9e3ae","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnowoKeWMIOMOiGqMQOKXUFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、連豎訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKoe2ecsg80aC0U2KKIpQ2b"},,"attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)具體字訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b6e0fb21cd314e57902ac0e6999b1ed5","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn26uwuEGqcwCEh4IehFqxG5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、豎連橫訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCiYyK2C46AUU4murhPnFRe"},,"attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)具體字訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a60844c6b94a49e2afdd79f7006bc67e","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn46IE2KwisWCiEFEulnKQZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4,、連橫連豎訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyweIYkaagWIkILgsisFWEg"},,"attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)具體字訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3589c8e6502b470494617bcdb9cf4af7","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn4OYUciQs0USowBABzZ8XOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5,、橫豎橫相連訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAAeCU8OWKGiIVrQ9aLwMe"},,"attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)具體字訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9c573491b5204df3adfbd0ba8a771d1b","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnIO4oWE4u46s40qSvOQLhXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、其它筆畫(huà)相連的訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWgUwOiOKcM8TdaFb5XZyu"},,"attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通過(guò)具體字訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/214447e754f443ab8c114397b2c86668","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnMooiQWsykgES1vrhkhJmyw"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛筆行書(shū)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuYMoi2gAEaSeOCkJGMGcce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2MoS22K0ogmalZGn2Gihb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"筆法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgK84iy2CgCKeGlc5N5VNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"筆法指執(zhí)筆和用筆,,寫(xiě)行書(shū)的人一般都練習(xí)過(guò)楷書(shū),,所以執(zhí)筆和用筆都有了基礎(chǔ)。但是,,行書(shū)的筆法比楷書(shū)要豐富得多,。要做到中鋒用筆,方圓兼?zhèn)?,中,、?cè)鋒并用,點(diǎn)畫(huà)之間以牽絲映帶,、似連非連,、筆斷勢(shì)連的形式貫通氣脈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwI8aMcCyCsAU5pjqYqW5hs"},,"attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筆法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa5386bb596a422eb12fd3f6d7a9fa8d","width":236},"text":"","id":"doxcng24GKMoGk0cgAfuKKVi9Ig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)畫(huà)寫(xiě)法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoucemYKam0eoeGBIKYx6Oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)點(diǎn)畫(huà)要注意呼應(yīng),,同時(shí)應(yīng)在平整中取攲側(cè)之勢(shì),,在勻稱之中得疏密之形,,使之變化多姿,特別要注意的是,,牽絲往來(lái)要有筆斷意連之妙,,運(yùn)筆快慢要得疾澀相生之意。圓轉(zhuǎn)處要?jiǎng)艢鈨?nèi)斂,,方折處要如削金斷玉,,明快潔凈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgyigAmwSEuUuk6Cj1CLBe"},,"attrs":{"height":198,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)畫(huà)寫(xiě)法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9bd4cdf6908345ca8f4f2873f144e4d6","width":581},"text":"","id":"doxcn62c8mOgOYg4WeA4XxcTIVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0K4QAOQ24M2ACOrq0VXNRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)結(jié)構(gòu)千變?nèi)f化,,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"但基本原則是要重心平穩(wěn),","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"變化自然,,顧盼呼應(yīng),。行書(shū)多用奔放之筆取攲側(cè)之勢(shì),但無(wú)論如何奔放也要重心平穩(wěn),,特別是攲側(cè)中站穩(wěn)重心,,這種奇正相成的結(jié)構(gòu)是行書(shū)的特點(diǎn)。行書(shū)多變化,,變化要順乎自然,。字行大小、疏密,、長(zhǎng)短,、伸縮、開(kāi)合,、俯仰,、向背等自然之行,初寫(xiě)時(shí)要盡各字真態(tài),、本色,,切忌故意造作,制奇弄險(xiǎn),,走入流俗,,能得自然之美方是真本領(lǐng)。至于點(diǎn)畫(huà)之間顧盼生情,,相互呼應(yīng)要如聞其聲,,則字字都活潑而有生氣了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikakYC4SiKcsCyZlTWYnEf"},,"attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec38a898aa3d45e6a4cd24e15ea3a711","width":417},"text":"","id":"doxcnC4YmwA2UGCEcYhNaUSRvKe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2SUucw8CWu6kBrlqAsiHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)章法多用縱有行,、橫無(wú)列,,或縱無(wú)行,橫無(wú)列兩種,。字與字之間要有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,,行與行之間要有意態(tài)呼應(yīng),。不必故意筆筆相連,貴在氣息貫注,,筆斷意連,。通篇字的大小變化、疏密對(duì)比,、伸縮之宜都要合乎自然,,章法要如音樂(lè)之旋律,如詩(shī)詞之有聲律,。詩(shī)詞的“","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"平平仄仄平平仄”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"抑揚(yáng)頓挫,,一如行書(shū)的疏密奇正伸縮,對(duì)比中求和諧,,對(duì)立中求統(tǒng)一,。雖是“疏可跑馬,密不容針”,,仍要密不迫塞,,疏不散漫,總之要渾然一體,,一氣呵成,,無(wú)意之佳為最妙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04A0IIi6M4EwqMltH6jt8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8OayaMusYgQyW8qrgX6lf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8amCSkIwokIgtGEPU7bxlk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初學(xué)者在書(shū)寫(xiě)行書(shū)時(shí),,不論是行草還是行楷,,因?qū)γP的使用以及落筆的輕重緩急尚未把握,可以選擇兼毫來(lái)使用,,兼毫兼具了硬毫和軟毫的優(yōu)點(diǎn),,較為容易上手,而且使用兼毫吸墨量適宜,,不會(huì)導(dǎo)致初學(xué)者在書(shū)寫(xiě)行書(shū)時(shí)停頓出現(xiàn)墨水團(tuán)影響紙面,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuU4iayCCoiwmiotBm1rFRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑選毛筆是挑毛尖。筆頭要尖,、齊,、圓、鍵,,即:筆頭的鋒穎既尖銳似錐又要圓潤(rùn),,筆頭既要修削整齊,筆尖又要豐滿,,富有彈性,。一般筆桿多用鳳尾竹、湘妃竹,、花竹,、紫竹制成,。挑選筆桿時(shí)要看筆管是否圓正光滑,不癟,、不裂,、不彎、不斜,,長(zhǎng)短適度,。筆桿上有篆刻的,要看它是否鐫秀清晰,;有鑲嵌的,,要看是否曲雅古樸。最后,,要看筆頭與筆桿是否粘牢,,筆頭有無(wú)發(fā)霉、蟲(chóng)蛀現(xiàn)象,。先用手輕輕晃動(dòng)筆頭,不能出現(xiàn)松動(dòng)現(xiàn)象,,再輕輕彈筆桿,,看是否有掉毛,有毛掉睛,,不是蟲(chóng)蛀,,便是發(fā)霉。檢查毛筆筆頭是否發(fā)霉,,還可以聞聞?dòng)袩o(wú)霉味,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmACksiOOkaUOmSfiLeDWZd"},,"attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ba4cf325a9d447dacb3f43f7b146328","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcn6kyYYQqKyAeyikNcHqck0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選字帖臨摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq8wyW6MGEG228k1O0QCzQ5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)挑選字帖。挑選一本孩子比較喜愛(ài)的,、點(diǎn)畫(huà)比較工整的,、結(jié)體比較勻稱的字帖來(lái)臨摹。毛筆字帖,,應(yīng)挑選字體小一點(diǎn)的字帖,,這樣可省去縮小的工夫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsI0Gqq88UAS24JhM2exNvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)先摹后臨,、臨摹結(jié)合在習(xí)字時(shí),,要先摹后臨、臨摹結(jié)合,。毛筆照著字帖上的字一點(diǎn)一畫(huà)地描紅,。要求寫(xiě)的筆跡不要越出字帖字外,都寫(xiě)在字帖上字的點(diǎn)畫(huà)中間,。這樣,,久而久之,,就容易學(xué)到字帖上字的結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂臨,,就是把字帖放在習(xí)字紙旁,;照著帖上的字依樣畫(huà)葫蘆。要求點(diǎn)畫(huà)寫(xiě)得象,,有輕重節(jié)奏和粗細(xì)的變化,。這樣,久而久之,,就容易學(xué)到字帖上字的筆意,。由于臨書(shū)比摹書(shū)難,因此要先摹后臨,,由于臨和摹是兩種相輔相成的學(xué)字手段,,因此要臨摹結(jié)合,循序漸進(jìn),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC88eogKKM0YE8PDGFbRyje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)仔細(xì)讀貼,。再者,臨摹前要仔細(xì)讀帖,。對(duì)帖上的字,,其點(diǎn)畫(huà)怎樣書(shū)寫(xiě),結(jié)構(gòu)怎樣安排,,章法怎樣布置,,都要仔細(xì)琢磨并從中找出規(guī)律,這樣就容易寫(xiě)得有興趣,,也容易寫(xiě)得象,,寫(xiě)得好。臨摹時(shí),,不能貪多貪快,,每天堅(jiān)持一、二小時(shí),,反復(fù)地臨摹幾個(gè)字,,這樣才會(huì)有真正的收獲。對(duì)難寫(xiě)的字,,更要知難而上,,多臨摹,多比較,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUS8KgaY4qQwyctvspKnzLf"},,"attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選字帖臨摹","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a333a665d1cb4ff5909b128c743317db","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcne46Wg00GCU0iQhZWcyf8ue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"堅(jiān)持練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuaYGKW6s6IsKMZ6vxv5BNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí),,持之以恒地堅(jiān)持下去。一般來(lái)說(shuō),有一年左右的時(shí)間就可以書(shū)寫(xiě)出一手漂亮的行書(shū),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSae6k0m0YiME0ijVWnv9dh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)行書(shū)在開(kāi)始的時(shí)候有一個(gè)適應(yīng)的階段,,熟能生巧,從一個(gè)字到一段字,,從幾個(gè)字,、一行字到一篇字,逐漸掌握行書(shū)的規(guī)律,,慢慢也就形成了屬于你自己的行書(shū)風(fēng)格,。要善于從多方面吸取營(yíng)養(yǎng),名人題字,,商家牌匾,,學(xué)校老師甚至是同學(xué)之間,只要認(rèn)真觀察,,都可以找到別人寫(xiě)的好字,,學(xué)會(huì)了,就成了自己的字,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6scGs40mgUwMPZyth6jQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGgMkWIswy4aWI9CKClG7Yc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"增加鉤挑與牽絲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOIwy6gug2yiILhCRiOt6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷書(shū)書(shū)寫(xiě)要一筆一畫(huà),、工工整整,行書(shū)則不然,,是將點(diǎn)畫(huà)連起來(lái)書(shū)寫(xiě),,即所謂“相間流行”,所以行書(shū)書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)在點(diǎn)心之間自然地出現(xiàn)或增加了由于用筆帶出來(lái)的鉤挑和牽絲,。所謂鉤挑是在原來(lái)沒(méi)有鉤挑的點(diǎn)畫(huà)上,行筆時(shí)順勢(shì)寫(xiě)出來(lái)短鉤,,如“茂”等字,。所謂牽絲則是在前后或上下筆本不相連的點(diǎn)畫(huà)之間,順筆勢(shì)帶出來(lái)細(xì)細(xì)的牽絲,,如“發(fā)”“想”等字。在行書(shū)的點(diǎn)畫(huà)之間有了鉤挑與牽絲,則顯得筆勢(shì)流動(dòng)通暢和諧,,意態(tài)自然,,給人一種生機(jī)勃勃的感覺(jué)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoSwSyoMioA4QJLpgKMPgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMm0Wiim0aYio9EpLvmFuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鉤挑與牽絲不能使用太多太弱,,用多了,,到處都是鉤挑與細(xì)牽絲,顯得用筆不干凈利索,,造型不美觀,;太弱了,鉤腳如肉瘤,,細(xì)絲如棉線,,顯得軟弱無(wú)力,,缺乏鐵畫(huà)銀鉤之健美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakEyKiscmICk0G1mqmDlhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圓轉(zhuǎn)代方折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniqCwKOsae0wOagvh8GZHDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)轉(zhuǎn)折處多采用草書(shū)圓轉(zhuǎn)的寫(xiě)法,,所以行書(shū)才顯得筆勢(shì)流暢,。但需注意,行書(shū)的圓轉(zhuǎn)中隱含著折意,,寫(xiě)時(shí)仍需要駐筆,、提按,否則圓潤(rùn)而無(wú)力,,缺乏方圓兼?zhèn)?,方中有圓,圓中有方之妙趣,,如“后”,、“落”、“生”等字,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkQiuCyiM28aC6EesvkF2d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"改變書(shū)寫(xiě)筆順","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaEIAc6086uaKIzU1Jth3wg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小學(xué)老師強(qiáng)調(diào)寫(xiě)字注意筆順,,這確實(shí)是很重要,特別是楷書(shū),。然而在行書(shū)中,,有時(shí)有意識(shí)地改變楷書(shū)的書(shū)寫(xiě)筆順,而采用草書(shū)的筆順,,其目的是便于書(shū)寫(xiě),,同時(shí)也是為了造型的變化多姿,如“感”字,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsusswkMGSWC8Mpqp9aoQHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni08AcWw4cCOcuu7P5wB9Vb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般地說(shuō)行書(shū)寫(xiě)法也足先上后下先左后右,,先內(nèi)后外,但有時(shí)卻反其道而行之,,倒也別有風(fēng)趣,,如“風(fēng)”“國(guó)”字等,但也必須注意,,改變書(shū)寫(xiě)筆順一定要因勢(shì)利導(dǎo),,要合乎草書(shū)的規(guī)范。且不宜多,,偶見(jiàn)則收,,方能成趣,如果濫用成災(zāi),,使人乏味,,就失敗了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugsYwQYcGMKSWYp4jcFAFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用筆靈活","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiqGgAwkW22yeI4Qcpwe0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)比楷書(shū)用筆靈活多變,同樣的點(diǎn)畫(huà)可以這樣寫(xiě),,可以那樣寫(xiě),,不受約束。如“也”字的浮鵝鉤,,一般是回鋒收筆而出,。但如果勾端由上翻筆而下也可以。又如木字旁,,一般是寫(xiě)好橫畫(huà)和豎畫(huà)后,、筆勢(shì)總是從左邊帶出撇挑,但從右邊挑筆而上,,然后順筆就勢(shì)寫(xiě)出撇挑,,也有道理。如“楊”字,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKsSm8ee886g2vkKvARPab"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起筆露鋒入紙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoACYOUOiIiWEG48WX0lrwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷書(shū)無(wú)論是點(diǎn),、橫,還是撇,、捺,,都","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"強(qiáng)調(diào)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"減鋒為主。而在行書(shū)中起筆處以露鋒人紙為多,,因?yàn)槁朵h人紙,,書(shū)寫(xiě)起來(lái)比較簡(jiǎn)捷方便,自然流暢,,例如“生”字的左豎,,“紅”字的撇畫(huà)及“工”字橫畫(huà)的起筆,“河”字三點(diǎn)水的側(cè)點(diǎn)等,,都是露鋒人紙,。然而必須說(shuō)明的是,上面所說(shuō)的字雖然都是露鋒人紙,,但不是隨便的順?shù)h搭下一寫(xiě),,而是仍要“逆鋒”,,只是這個(gè)“逆鋒”是要求凌空取勢(shì),,即搶鋒。不理解這一點(diǎn),,就會(huì)犯落筆尖細(xì)軟弱的毛病,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkGAgMgMogYqQHi9Fm9I7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsugOog0QCUmEz5OzjipPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"露鋒入紙,取勢(shì)要求要快,,寫(xiě)出字來(lái),,筆意就生動(dòng)活潑.而藏鋒取勢(shì)較慢,筆意含蓄凝重。這兩種寫(xiě)法各有所長(zhǎng),,我們書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)相互結(jié)合摻用,,這樣可以各得其所,相得益彰,。一般說(shuō),,行書(shū)開(kāi)頭的起筆往往是露鋒入紙,而以下的承筆處則多數(shù)是藏鋒用筆,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIU0WQsqimACgZ0Ooo19Bb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以點(diǎn)代替其他筆畫(huà)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqaGISWekSeeyqOdiMEZxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"為書(shū)寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)便敏捷,,行書(shū)常常以“點(diǎn)”來(lái)代替其他筆畫(huà),以短小的“點(diǎn)”代替其他較長(zhǎng)大的筆畫(huà),,可以使字的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)發(fā)生變化,,造型更為別致。如將“京”,,“影”字中的“小一字改寫(xiě)為三點(diǎn)則更敏捷,,字型發(fā)生了變化,顯得饒有趣味,。又如“大”字,,將捺筆寫(xiě)成側(cè)點(diǎn)來(lái)表示,這樣書(shū)寫(xiě)起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)捷流暢,,造型也顯得精悍樸實(shí),,別具風(fēng)味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0guAaSMMWw2mW6V1Fkftvf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"體態(tài)多變","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUgaEECkg4EMqauIuJBL1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)是介于楷書(shū)與草書(shū)之間的一種兼工帶寫(xiě)的字體,,它的使用范圍很廣,,表現(xiàn)力豐富,常常一個(gè)字有幾種寫(xiě)法,,體態(tài)多變,,姿態(tài)各異,如“是”字有四種寫(xiě)法,,四個(gè)姿態(tài),,結(jié)尾收筆各有不同,有收有放,,亦工亦草,,情趣盎然。再如“英,、落,、草、奠,、花”同是草字頭,,但寫(xiě)法各不相同,,生動(dòng)活潑,耐人尋味,。如果同樣的字或是字頭字尾相同的字,,寫(xiě)得千篇一律,沒(méi)有變化,,使人看了乏味,,那就不稱其為書(shū)法了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqOa8kqk2k6Qovm6Ldj4nc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"運(yùn)筆的技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeqI0ywusu4czoZH24FIOi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中鋒行筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneGuIc0uocgIsGuGt1mGzAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUEA42saWscQpHIIosixu5"},,"attrs":{"height":109,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中鋒行筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9fc9b409a5e45919ad0a4e8f23b622e","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcngia4yI2662Myauvwn49odc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中鋒行筆就是要使筆鋒保持在點(diǎn)畫(huà)中間行筆,。中鋒行筆是用筆的關(guān)鍵,,是書(shū)法的生命。要能達(dá)到中鋒行筆,,就要在行筆時(shí)掌握好掌豎,、腕平、筆桿直,,同時(shí)還要隨著墨液緩緩下流而不斷調(diào)正筆鋒,,“令筆心常在點(diǎn)畫(huà)中行”。篆,、隸,、楷書(shū)是這樣,行書(shū)亦如此,,如“乎”,、“本”字除落筆和收筆外,中間所有的點(diǎn)畫(huà)都是中鋒行筆,,“華”字亦是,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMCWIcEGcuygcUhofpEsxbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"劃重點(diǎn):中鋒行筆,筆跡圓潤(rùn),、道勁,,妍美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYkSEiW4EUscgj9N5R4AHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMw6w8M2QwuY4jbqRnMirb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0k68egCko2YICE5uZuMKu"},,"attrs":{"height":111,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a3f1f74ba91440eca160f080908baf98","width":280},"text":"","id":"doxcnMuE426Cuqq86su3N3cMtob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆即是在轉(zhuǎn)折處,,用筆使毫不能太鋪,,要有所收斂,同時(shí)筆桿要稍加使轉(zhuǎn),,以圓轉(zhuǎn)代替方折,,如“思”、“里”,、“風(fēng)”字的轉(zhuǎn)角處即是,。行書(shū)之所以比楷書(shū)書(shū)寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)便,,其中一個(gè)原因,,就是以圓轉(zhuǎn)代替方折,。裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆,轉(zhuǎn)折處玲瓏流利,,有一種活潑,、自然的流動(dòng)感。蔡邕在《九勢(shì)》中所說(shuō)的“轉(zhuǎn)筆宜左右回顧,,無(wú)使節(jié)目孤露”就是指裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆,。但要注意裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆處,必須圓轉(zhuǎn)中隱含折意,,故書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)仍需駐筆,、提按,否則圓而無(wú)骨,,缺乏方圓兼?zhèn)渲钊ぁ?#34;,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQu46uQc0ym0gkP5tazpsZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngS4cYso6m2YOcbOPSqH22e"},,"attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e66bd61b140d4bc6904346a18fdde97a","width":280},"text":"","id":"doxcnowgQuu48qgiiQdPTWhB3ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆,,即轉(zhuǎn)筆時(shí)如同寫(xiě)楷書(shū)一樣,先提后折,,頓筆后再調(diào)鋒而下,,只是書(shū)寫(xiě)速度略快些,轉(zhuǎn)折處投有楷書(shū)那么方折,,而是既看出是方折之意,,又有圓渾之感,有骨有肉,,骨肉兼?zhèn)?,即所謂“方中有回,圓中有方”,。使人看了圓潤(rùn),、渾厚、勁挺,。欲如此,,則折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆處要有方折的意味,折時(shí)要重些,,輕重提按要一筆小茍,,不能一筆帶過(guò)。折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆寫(xiě)出來(lái)的折畫(huà),,不僅要方而見(jiàn)骨,,而且要給人一種風(fēng)骨挺立,神采飛揚(yáng)的感覺(jué),。如“曲”“故”“總”字,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wyoa6qcOS8Ql9BXBPfwbw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"劃重點(diǎn):行書(shū)中的折筆寫(xiě)法,不外折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆和裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆兩種用筆,。折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆外露,,裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆內(nèi)含,,各有千秋,但一般說(shuō)在行書(shū)中以裹鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆為主,,折鋒轉(zhuǎn)筆為輔,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSuc4QYgOSeSiw3GsR6rf5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衄鋒勒筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCSkiC0sgsoAQHudlfnOnh"},,"attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"衄鋒勒筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee8921fbd2e24f41bee540a4ea86cb3b","width":280},"text":"","id":"doxcnIuoC8QGaG8ckCkeRkIAxdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"衄鋒勒筆,就是點(diǎn)畫(huà)中間稍用力頓挫一下,,再中鋒勒筆而出,。衄鋒勒筆大多數(shù)是用在反撩與撇的交接處,如“又”,、“文”,、“交”字的反捺中間用筆。衄鋒勒筆,,用筆收斂蓄勢(shì),,短小精悍,而形態(tài)也有變化,。這種用筆米芾書(shū)法中常用,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6Q0UwySuKaWiAzqUyGUjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"劃重點(diǎn):衄鋒勒筆在衄鋒時(shí)要有力,勒筆處要迅速,,捺畫(huà)末筆要收得住,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8CMY4Ye22AKIHeQrF9Abd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提鋒連筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIWimwEq2qQmmnFHSUH1qd"},,"attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提鋒連筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b8816a1af38948ea9a5bf430e6208ec6","width":280},"text":"","id":"doxcnq0A0AmEIo0Uqao9WVG9P8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提鋒連筆即提筆連鋒,也就是在點(diǎn)畫(huà)相連處用筆提而不斷,,鋒尖著紙帶出牽絲,。凡是點(diǎn)畫(huà)間有牽絲相連者都是提筆連鋒用筆。這種用筆的好處是:“是點(diǎn)畫(huà)處皆重,,非畫(huà)處,,偶相牽引,其筆皆輕,?!保ń纭独m(xù)書(shū)譜》)且主次分明叉遞相映帶,如","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“墨”,、“照”,、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“然”的點(diǎn)畫(huà)牽引處。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO4ksAMciK6CwiGcmqcHKJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在書(shū)寫(xiě)過(guò)程中,,提和按,,連和斷,互為辯證的關(guān)系,。提鋒連筆是牽絲的寫(xiě)法,,非牽絲處都是字的實(shí)畫(huà)。我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,,一定要注意用筆要實(shí),,不能虛,,用筆要按不能提。只有按得下,,方能提得起,只有實(shí)是實(shí),,方能虛是虛,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA84wuMOIoiSsi6Dopt0Xoe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字組黃金法則","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCgiGA8W6kM2SkL0gdQzkRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"書(shū)法的形式是各種造型的組合關(guān)系。例如點(diǎn)畫(huà)與點(diǎn)畫(huà)的組合,、結(jié)體與結(jié)體的組合,、字組的組合、行的組合,、區(qū)域的組合,,直至筆墨與空白的組合等。這些組合從小到大,,隨著組合關(guān)系的不斷擴(kuò)大,,審美內(nèi)涵也逐漸豐富。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4oaEoKI4UQYEIJH05D2rVU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)的結(jié)構(gòu)和章法的規(guī)則要求主要是:結(jié)體大小輕重要適當(dāng),,長(zhǎng)短縱橫要合度,,疏密黑白要相稱,左右欹正相呼應(yīng),,使之錯(cuò)落變化,,氣勢(shì)貫通,協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一,,神定氣足,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaiImSecgksk8cz3YH93ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以米芾的《苕溪詩(shī)帖》為例子,來(lái)窺探米顛他這部曠世作品里常見(jiàn)字與字之間的呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系,,進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的總結(jié)和歸類,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k0GoAkk4M0iuGds7YbXjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"欹正組合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0IM0WgG6uWwOcCtdiZNGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欹正是指部分偏旁、部首或局部作傾斜,、欹側(cè)處理,,又能傾而不倒,平中寓奇,,增加字的變化和意外的奇趣,。欹正得體就是說(shuō),歪的與正的陰陽(yáng)配合到完美,,指字寫(xiě)的很完美,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnecmUemeyK40OCY8jRsbSsg"},,"attrs":{"height":546,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"欹正組合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/178baa7a39ff4180878c9ed9d61495ac","width":318},"text":"","id":"doxcnEscwYay0OiS6k37NVA6jvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"濃淡組合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqScguEQ08IGoPL2bznMkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"書(shū)法是通過(guò)墨來(lái)表現(xiàn)的,墨法是書(shū)法的四大要素之一被書(shū)家重視,。墨色的變化,,一般有“濃,、淡、干,、濕,、漲”。作品中的墨色的深淺枯潤(rùn),,可以造成雄奇或秀媚的書(shū)法意境,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUme0EWuA8cSuApvrE9e3Td"},,"attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"濃淡組合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e39795a3e25a4b60a9daf8c4009042ba","width":286},"text":"","id":"doxcnMMAiMamqmsyCqIXIP2QLMd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大小組合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8qEswQyYs2sUwBccUgTHhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在行書(shū)作品中,字的大小是賓主關(guān)系,,主次分明,。把較大的筆畫(huà)較粗的主字分布原則掌握了,較小的筆畫(huà)較細(xì)的字分布原則也是一樣的,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUYgkWwG2Wc0qGk32NxN1Eb"},,"attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"大小組合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ff3fa39d3524981ac0cad71137a2061","width":314},"text":"","id":"doxcnCWWosyC0Ew0UKC7akSyYQd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)與草書(shū)組合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWskck4EEGiuI5iXwtxs6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先是字型結(jié)構(gòu)方面,,草書(shū)的字型變化很大,大小不一,,不是內(nèi)行的話一般很難辨認(rèn),。而行書(shū)大小就比較一致了,看起來(lái)很工整,。其次是筆法方面,,草書(shū)筆法相對(duì)復(fù)雜些,且運(yùn)筆較疾,。而行書(shū)相對(duì)緩和,,其鋒刃體現(xiàn)在字形上,和草書(shū)有所區(qū)別,。最后是章法,。草書(shū)的章法是在起承轉(zhuǎn)合中一氣呵成,有一種大將風(fēng)范,。而行書(shū)則像一位隱士,,不失工整,卻又不乏氣場(chǎng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYAKa2QISWGYKOvqhRwg4e"},,"attrs":{"height":277,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)與草書(shū)組合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/90383df048a94afdbec0e50c6e363e1b","width":136},"text":"","id":"doxcnqOQYg2CCYMWGOMPK5jJuHf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"粗細(xì)組合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneMYkwY4WawKOc56ueSLn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"線條,,尤其是行書(shū)的線條,其輕,、重,、長(zhǎng)、短,、粗,、細(xì)、濃、淡,、枯,、潤(rùn)等等,變化無(wú)窮,,儀態(tài)萬(wàn)千,,技法俱分高下,情態(tài)盡在其中,。難怪有人說(shuō)書(shū)法是“線條藝術(shù)”,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAesYqomOaiWQNzPg6UB5s"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書(shū)線條有其藝術(shù)法則的規(guī)范性。不是任何隨意抹畫(huà)出來(lái)的線條都可稱之為行書(shū)藝術(shù)的線條,,他們必須符合行書(shū)法則規(guī)范性要求并經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期技法訓(xùn)練之后才能被書(shū)者所擁有,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ciuaicgyg4mcnCRoD7lNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種規(guī)范性要求是客觀的,,不依書(shū)者主觀意志為轉(zhuǎn)移,。書(shū)者只有在掌握了規(guī)范性要求的前提下方能發(fā)展和張揚(yáng)其個(gè)性。區(qū)分寫(xiě)字與書(shū)法,,必須首先看其是否具有“法度意識(shí)”即“規(guī)范意識(shí)”,,是否符合規(guī)范性要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwwgcSeMyww2aeKnEQXzRf"},,"attrs":{"height":456,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"粗細(xì)組合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62577865b9774ead80d124185e270c4d","width":293},"text":"","id":"doxcnUIcoak4Q6o2gUrpXEqE4Sf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"連體組合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeQ8EO8Ge8oCkpN9t60Dze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"連畫(huà)寫(xiě)法在行書(shū)中,,除了橫,、豎、撇,、挑,、捺、點(diǎn),、折,、勾外,還常常有多個(gè)筆畫(huà)連在一起寫(xiě)的情況,,簡(jiǎn)稱連筆或連畫(huà),。連畫(huà)的式雖然紛繁復(fù)雜,但分解起來(lái),,無(wú)非是直線弧線,、轉(zhuǎn)和折的組合。直線和爪線較易分辨,,也較易書(shū)寫(xiě),,只要及時(shí)運(yùn)腕,做到中鋒行筆即可,,比較不易分清的是轉(zhuǎn)和折,。書(shū)寫(xiě)復(fù)雜的連畫(huà)時(shí),必須注意靈活運(yùn)腕和轉(zhuǎn)折相間等原則。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSYMSMI6UUa4mmSraJJaudd"},,"attrs":{"height":470,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"連體組合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/867370770bee4648afd8b7559b887f80","width":302},"text":"","id":"doxcnYSgAmUkc6GEEkLOyNZIRzd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"橫縱組合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnow2sCMeKYaiIoDvLXjC6af"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要表現(xiàn)為點(diǎn)畫(huà),、部件或整體字形的長(zhǎng)寬比例,。楷書(shū)字形一般比例較為穩(wěn)定,,而行書(shū)則常隨時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKc6gwMmueAKaeyTt7dXJRc"},,"attrs":{"height":471,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"橫縱組合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/75cbdf604198417e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2. 墨色海洋

國(guó)家級(jí)二級(jí)海洋保護(hù)動(dòng)物有:儒艮,、中華白海豚,、紅珊瑚、鸚鵡螺,、綠海龜,。

1、儒艮

儒艮(學(xué)名:Dugong dugon),,是一種海洋草食性哺乳動(dòng)物,,儒艮是海洋中唯一的素食者。主要生活在熱帶淺海中,,以二藥藻,、喜鹽草等水生植物為主食。其分布與水溫,、海流以及作為主要食物的海草分布有密切關(guān)系,。儒艮在我國(guó)主要分布于廣東,、廣西、海南和臺(tái)灣南部沿海,。

2,、中華白海豚

中華白海豚(學(xué)名:Sousa chinensis),屬于鯨類的海豚科,,是寬吻海豚及虎鯨的近親,。很多市民及漁民均以為中華白海豚是一種魚(yú)類,其實(shí)它們和其他鯨魚(yú)及海豚都是哺乳類動(dòng)物,,和人類一樣恒溫,,用肺部呼吸、懷胎產(chǎn)子及用乳汁哺育幼兒,。

中國(guó)的最早的發(fā)現(xiàn)紀(jì)錄是在唐朝,。清朝初期,廣東珠江口一帶稱它為盧亭,,也有漁民稱之為白忌和海豬,。雖然名為“白海豚”,然而剛出生的中華白海豚體呈深灰色,,年青的會(huì)呈灰色,,至于成年的則呈粉紅色。

主要分布于西太平洋,、印度洋,,常見(jiàn)于我國(guó)東海,屬于國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物,,素有“美人魚(yú)”和“水上大熊貓”之稱,。

3、紅珊瑚

紅珊瑚(學(xué)名:Corallium rubrum)營(yíng)群體生活,。個(gè)體直徑一般為0.5mm~2cm,,每個(gè)個(gè)體具8個(gè)羽狀觸手。隔膜8個(gè)不成對(duì),,隔膜肌向腹生長(zhǎng),,隔膜絲單葉狀。僅有一個(gè)口道溝,,位于腹面。骨骼多在體內(nèi),,或由體內(nèi)發(fā)生后伸向體表,。具有鈣質(zhì)中軸骨,呈樹(shù)狀分枝,,但不在一個(gè)平面上,,骨骼呈淡粉紅色至深紅色,。

4、鸚鵡螺

鸚鵡螺(學(xué)名:Nautiloidea)是海洋軟體動(dòng)物,,共有2屬,、6種,具卷曲的珍珠似外殼,,外殼由許多腔室組成,,外套位于外殼內(nèi)。各腔室之間有隔膜隔開(kāi),;鰓2對(duì),;具63-94只腕,但無(wú)吸盤(pán),;眼簡(jiǎn)單,,無(wú)晶狀體;無(wú)墨囊,。

殼薄而輕,,呈螺旋形盤(pán)卷,殼的表面呈白色或者乳白色,,生長(zhǎng)紋從殼的臍部輻射而出,,平滑細(xì)密,多為紅褐色,。整個(gè)螺旋形外殼光滑如圓盤(pán)狀,,形似鸚鵡嘴,故此得名“鸚鵡螺”,。

5,、綠海龜

綠海龜(學(xué)名:Chelonia mydas),海龜科海龜屬的一種龜,。亦稱海龜,,是各種海龜中體形較大的一種,其成龜背甲直線長(zhǎng)度可達(dá)90到120厘米,,體重可達(dá)100千克以上,。因其體內(nèi)脂富含主要食物,即海草之葉綠素而得名,。然而,,它的腹甲為白色或黃白色,背甲則從赤棕含有亮麗的大花斑到墨色不等,。

3. 魔獸世界海洋墨水配方怎么來(lái)的

諾森德達(dá)拉然,城里的銘文訓(xùn)練師屋里有個(gè)npc可以換墨水,海洋墨水可以1:1換成任意低等墨水,10:1換成落雪墨水,位置隨便路邊找個(gè)問(wèn)路npc查銘文訓(xùn)練師就有地圖標(biāo)記了

4. 海洋墨水怎么獲得

諾森德達(dá)拉然,城里的銘文訓(xùn)練師屋里有個(gè)npc可以換墨水,海洋墨水可以1:1換成任意低等墨水,10:1換成落雪墨水,位置隨便路邊找個(gè)問(wèn)路npc查銘文訓(xùn)練師就有地圖標(biāo)記了,。

5. 魔獸世界海洋

沿著海岸線一直走,在地圖的靠上部,會(huì)看見(jiàn)些沉船在海邊,里面有很多17左右的魚(yú)人,就是那里了.進(jìn)了船以后要注意穿是分上下層的,不要只在船外或船上層找,最好把魚(yú)人清完,潛進(jìn)船里仔細(xì)找找,箱子一般是在下層的角落.建議等級(jí)高點(diǎn)再去或者多叫些人~

6. 魔獸世界海洋墨水是哪來(lái)的

絕版了。

偉大套牌效果確實(shí)不錯(cuò),,本身加屬性,,觸發(fā)后又加,,敏捷和力量是相應(yīng)職業(yè)的DPS重要屬性,而該屬性本身還受到王者祝福,,墮落十字軍符文等的加成,。

可以說(shuō)偉大卡牌雖然等級(jí)低,但是實(shí)用性遠(yuǎn)超很多同級(jí)甚至高級(jí)飾品,,比其它暗月卡牌更是好用很多,。制作暗月卡牌,需要銘文大師消耗1瓶海洋墨水,,6瓶月光墨水,,一張堅(jiān)韌羊皮紙,

7. 魔獸世界海洋墨水

工坊刻印指的是在游戲《魔獸世界》中,,工程學(xué)專業(yè)的能力之一,,可以將自己的名字或簡(jiǎn)短的信息刻在自己制作的物品上。這樣做有以下幾個(gè)作用:

1. 自我標(biāo)識(shí)和宣傳:刻印自己的名字或信息可以讓其他玩家知道這個(gè)物品是由自己制作的,,為自己在游戲中建立起良好的聲譽(yù),,增強(qiáng)自己的知名度和宣傳力。

2. 防盜和防騙:如果物品被人盜取或者冒充,,玩家可以通過(guò)對(duì)比刻印上的名字或信息來(lái)確認(rèn)物品的所有者,,避免損失,避免被騙,。

3. 贈(zèng)送禮物:刻印一些個(gè)性化的信息或?qū)Ψ矫值奈锲房梢宰鳛槎Y物贈(zèng)送給朋友,,讓禮物更加特殊,更具紀(jì)念意義,。

4. 改善游戲經(jīng)濟(jì):工程學(xué)專業(yè)是制造和修復(fù)機(jī)械和裝置的專業(yè),,所制品多為售賣或用于修復(fù)城市內(nèi)的機(jī)械和站點(diǎn),刻印可以使物品變得名貴,,從而改善游戲中的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系,。

8. 魔獸世界海洋奧秘在哪接

需要完成任務(wù)并收集魔法水晶。 在創(chuàng)造與魔法的海底世界中,,玩家需要完成任務(wù)并收集魔法水晶來(lái)激活燈塔,。燈塔是指引玩家前進(jìn)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)施,一旦被激活,,可以照亮周圍環(huán)境,,讓玩家更加容易地探索。因此,,如果想要解鎖燈塔,,必須完成游戲中出現(xiàn)的各種任務(wù),并利用不同的道具收集魔法水晶,。此外,,游戲會(huì)逐漸增加難度,玩家需要不斷地提升自己的能力和技能,,才能成功解鎖更多的關(guān)卡和設(shè)施,。只有經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的探索和挑戰(zhàn),才能真正掌握創(chuàng)造與魔法的秘密,,體驗(yàn)到獨(dú)特的冒險(xiǎn)感受,。

9. 魔獸海洋墨水

銘文這個(gè)專業(yè)主要是和卷軸、雕文有關(guān),。

基本材料是草藥,、墨水(由草藥和墨水制造)。銘文專業(yè)可以研磨草藥,,類似于珠寶學(xué)的選礦,,可以把5朵花變成1份油,這是銘文專業(yè)所需要的基礎(chǔ)材料之一,。銘文專業(yè)的專業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)目前知道的是: 1.銘文掌握:根據(jù)描述看,,可以獲得額外一個(gè)銘文槽,該銘文槽大小未知,。2.可以制造并使用Scrolls of Recall(召回卷軸),,該卷軸是一個(gè)15分鐘冷卻的爐石,與爐石的冷卻分開(kāi),。3.符文沖擊,,消耗一瓶象牙墨水對(duì)敵人造成一次奧術(shù)傷害。4.獨(dú)有的暗月卡片任務(wù),。目前已知盜賊套卡,,共有5張,收集齊后可以獲得一件10級(jí)的綠裝,。銘文專業(yè)的制品主要包括: 1.Buff卷軸:如耐力卷軸之類,,現(xiàn)在只有掉落或是NPC限量出售的那種 2.符文之語(yǔ):類似附魔制作的附魔油,可以給防具添加臨時(shí)附魔 3.雕文:可以強(qiáng)化特定技能的雕文 銘文的PVP和PVE向都很贊,,可以給現(xiàn)有技能提供很多新的特性,,比如爆發(fā)性技能提供CC能力,比如HOT型技能提供瞬加特性

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