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1. 海洋石油116平臺(tái)

山東城祥建設(shè)集團(tuán)很好,，地址為濟(jì)寧經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)呈祥大道116號(hào),，經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍包括建筑工程、公路工程、水利水電工程,、市政公用工程,、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程、消防設(shè)施工程,、地基基礎(chǔ)工程,、土石方工程、建筑裝修裝飾工程,、建筑幕墻工程、起重設(shè)備安裝工程,、環(huán)保工程,、建筑機(jī)電安裝工程、防水防腐保溫工程,、城市及道路照明工程,、特種工程、園林綠化工程,、電子與智能化工程,、體育場(chǎng)地設(shè)施工程、石油化工工程,、古建筑工程,、房屋修繕工程、電力工程,、冶金工程,。

2. 海洋石油943平臺(tái)

1中國(guó)石油化工集團(tuán)公司

流通A股

85,720,671,101

73.39%

不變

--

2

香港(中央結(jié)算)代理人有限公司

流通H股

25,372,287,378

21.72%

2,929,088

0.01%

3國(guó)泰君安證券股份有限公司

流通A股

338,300,836

0.29%

-1,261,199

-0.37%

4中國(guó)證券金融股份有限公司

流通A股

290,856,856

0.25%

不變

--

5南方東英資產(chǎn)管理有限公司-南方富時(shí)中國(guó) A50ETF

流通A股

106,289,872

0.09%

28,220,300

36.15%

6卡塔爾控股有限責(zé)任公司-自有資金

流通A股

89,996,185

0.08%

不變

--

7GIC PRIVATE LIMITED

流通A股

62,332,890

0.05%

新進(jìn)

--

8摩根士丹利投資管理公司-摩根士丹利中國(guó)A股基金

流通A股

42,661,188

0.04%

新進(jìn)

--

9中國(guó)工商銀行-上證50交易型開(kāi)放式指數(shù)證券投資基金

流通A股

41,041,994

0.04%

-11,405,600

-21.75%

10中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行-銀華核心價(jià)值優(yōu)選股票型證券投資基金

流通A股

34,299,943

0.03%

新進(jìn)

中國(guó)石油化工集團(tuán)公司 是國(guó)家獨(dú)資的 。沒(méi)有其他股東 ,，即使有也不會(huì)是個(gè)人

3. 海洋石油941平臺(tái)

你好!

當(dāng)今世界上最深的鉆井也只有萬(wàn)米左右,。這個(gè)深度同地球平均半徑 6371。004千米相比,，實(shí)在是太微小了,。

紀(jì)錄：目前世界上最深的科學(xué)鉆探井為前蘇聯(lián)的科拉SG3超深鉆井，深12262米,。

圈層結(jié)構(gòu)的形成

地球的圈層構(gòu)造是其40多億年演化的結(jié)果,。

作為太陽(yáng)系內(nèi)行星之一的地球，大約在45億年前就有現(xiàn)在這樣的大小,，而且成分很均勻,，那時(shí)的地球還比較冷。但在距今約45～40億年之間地球遭到隕石等小星體的強(qiáng)烈轟擊,，這些強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)能就轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮?。同時(shí)，地球上的放射性元素衰變也產(chǎn)生大量的熱能,，而地球自身的壓縮也導(dǎo)致溫度升高,，使原始地球很快變熱,，內(nèi)部溫度升高，使地下一定深度的物質(zhì)發(fā)生熔融,，使原始地球中的金屬鐵,、鎳等高密度低熔點(diǎn)物質(zhì)向地球中心部位沉降聚集而成地核，其釋放出的重力能又轉(zhuǎn)變成熱能,，進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致地球內(nèi)部的對(duì)流和分異作用,，低密度物質(zhì)向上浮動(dòng)，經(jīng)冷卻形成原始地殼,，并逐漸形成了地球的圈層結(jié)構(gòu),。

地球上已知的最古老的巖石年齡約為38億年

生命研究爆炸性發(fā)現(xiàn)—— 地下兩千米石頭里發(fā)現(xiàn)生命

有誰(shuí)能想到，在地下數(shù)千米深的地方,，仍然有生命的存在?在我國(guó)實(shí)施的“入地”工程——大陸科學(xué)鉆探工程中,，我國(guó)科學(xué)家驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)在地下2000米深處的極端條件下，仍然“生活”著大量微生物,，這些微生物靠“吃”鐵,、甲烷等維持生存。

近年來(lái),，中美科學(xué)家對(duì)大陸科學(xué)鉆探工程中獲取的2000米巖芯合作開(kāi)展了地下微生物研究,，通過(guò)對(duì)巖芯的低溫冷儲(chǔ)及DNA分析，首次在1080米深度的巖石中發(fā)現(xiàn)了太古菌及細(xì)菌,，然后又對(duì)6個(gè)不同的深度,、4種不同巖石性質(zhì)的固體巖芯樣品及流體樣品進(jìn)行DNA分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量極端條件下形成的微生物,，有嗜酸菌,、嗜鐵菌、嗜甲烷菌等,，并完成了嗜熱微生物的分離培養(yǎng)及鑒定的試驗(yàn)性工作,。

中科院微生物研究所和美國(guó)的科學(xué)家還設(shè)計(jì)了一系列培養(yǎng)基，并且分離到兩株活著的高溫菌株,。以前人們認(rèn)為石頭里沒(méi)有生命,，但這些生活在缺氧、高溫極端環(huán)境中的‘饑餓生命’打破了人們的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí),。它們藏身在巖石微細(xì)裂縫里,，只靠‘吃’鐵、鎳,、甲烷等生存,。

上天、入地、下海是人類(lèi)向自然界挑戰(zhàn)的三大壯舉,。從2001年起實(shí)施的中國(guó)大陸科學(xué)鉆探工程是國(guó)家重大科學(xué)工程,，是目前國(guó)際上正在實(shí)施的最深的科學(xué)鉆井。兩年多來(lái),，科學(xué)家們?cè)诮K省東?？h的超高壓巖石中向地球深處“鉆”進(jìn)近3700米，通過(guò)初步研究建立了工程主孔的構(gòu)造學(xué),、巖石學(xué),、地球化學(xué)剖面，還將構(gòu)建一個(gè)地下微生物剖面,，因?yàn)榈叵虏煌牡囟紊嬷煌纳锶郝洹?/p>

目前的研究只是初步的,，相信以后的成果會(huì)比更有爆炸性。

4. 海洋石油931平臺(tái)

河南油田,。隸屬于我國(guó)三桶油之一的中國(guó)石油化工集團(tuán)，是中國(guó)石化河南油田分公司,、河南石油勘探局的統(tǒng)一稱(chēng)謂,。油田總部坐落在南陽(yáng)市宛城區(qū)，生產(chǎn)區(qū)域涵蓋了河南南陽(yáng),、駐馬店,、周口、洛陽(yáng)和新疆巴州,、伊犁等地市。公司下設(shè)有20個(gè)直屬單位,，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)崗位近2萬(wàn)個(gè),。河南油田始建于1970年4月,，1972年5月成立了南陽(yáng)石油勘探指揮部,，也標(biāo)志著河南油田成立,。河南油田是我國(guó)石油產(chǎn)品的一個(gè)重要生產(chǎn)基地，產(chǎn)品出口到美國(guó),、丹麥等20多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，為南陽(yáng)市和河南省的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

5. 海洋石油936平臺(tái)

公交線路：936路 → 津?yàn)I輕軌地鐵9號(hào)線,，全程約57.3公里

1,、從渤海石油新村乘坐936路,經(jīng)過(guò)23站, 到達(dá)宏達(dá)公寓站

2、步行約370米,到達(dá)塘沽站

3,、乘坐津?yàn)I輕軌地鐵9號(hào)線,經(jīng)過(guò)13站, 到達(dá)大王莊站

4,、步行約1.4公里,到達(dá)天津站

6. 海洋石油118

馬石油的防凍液沸點(diǎn)：118℃。

采用優(yōu)質(zhì)乙二醇及多種添加劑,，以最新科技研制而成,。具有良好的冷卻、抗凍,、仿佛,、防水垢、潤(rùn)滑等多種功能,。

使冷卻系統(tǒng)所有金屬部件及橡膠密封件免受腐蝕和銹蝕,，同時(shí)對(duì)低溫和過(guò)熱的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)提供最好的保護(hù)。適用于-20℃以上的氣溫條件下汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)的防凍,、仿佛,、防腐蝕需求。

7. 海洋石油165平臺(tái)

微晶材料

微晶材料microcrystalline material,，通過(guò)快速冷凝工藝獲得的晶粒尺寸小于5微米（μm )的金屬和非金屬材料,。主要有低密度、高強(qiáng)度鋁鋰合金,，耐高溫的鋁鐵合金和高強(qiáng)度,、耐磨損的鋁硅合金。主要是鈦稀土合金,，其抗應(yīng)力斷裂和抗蠕變性能比常規(guī)鈦合金高10倍,，使用溫度也提高165℃，可取代部分高溫合金 ,。其切削速度是普通高速鋼刀具的兩倍，在同樣速度下,，刀具壽命高10余倍,。與普通高溫合金比，使用溫度可提高85℃,，能用超塑性擴(kuò)散連接制成徑向多層復(fù)合式渦輪機(jī)葉片,。

材料簡(jiǎn)介

其冷卻速度大于103 開(kāi)/秒(K/s) ,，故又稱(chēng)快冷微晶材料。

微晶材料與一般材料相比,，具有以下特點(diǎn)：

①增大溶質(zhì)原子在基體中的固溶極限,，從而導(dǎo)致附加固溶強(qiáng)化和時(shí)效強(qiáng)化效果,，使材料強(qiáng)度增加,。

②使第二相質(zhì)點(diǎn)細(xì)化，材料的晶粒度比常規(guī)材料細(xì)小1～2個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),，材料的強(qiáng)度提高,，塑韌性降低，抗蝕性,、耐磨性和抗疲勞斷裂能力得到改善,，并可產(chǎn)生細(xì)晶超塑性，有利于加工成形,。

③可形成新的亞穩(wěn)相,，并減少或消除材料中的偏析（材料凝固后其截面上不同部位或晶粒內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)成分不均勻現(xiàn)象)。

材料應(yīng)用

已得到廣泛研究的微晶材料有：

①快冷鎂合金,。如鎂鋁鋅釔合金和鎂鋁鋅釹合金等，其抗拉強(qiáng)度高達(dá)475兆帕(MPa),，伸長(zhǎng)率達(dá)14%,，抗腐蝕性能比常規(guī)鎂合金高10倍，在汽車(chē) ,、航空工業(yè)中和海洋石油平臺(tái)上獲得應(yīng)用,。

②快冷鋁合金,。主要有低密度,、高強(qiáng)度鋁鋰合金,，耐高溫的鋁鐵合金和高強(qiáng)度,、耐磨損的鋁硅合金,。

③快冷鈦合金,。主要是鈦稀土合金,，其抗應(yīng)力斷裂和抗蠕變性能比常規(guī)鈦合金高10倍,，使用溫度也提高165℃,，可取代部分高溫合金 ,。

④快冷工具鋼 。其切削速度是普通高速鋼刀具的兩倍,，在同樣速度下,，刀具壽命高10余倍,。

⑤快冷高溫合金。與普通高溫合金比,，使用溫度可提高85℃,，能用超塑性擴(kuò)散連接制成徑向多層復(fù)合式渦輪機(jī)葉片。

⑥快冷陶瓷材料,。如高純超細(xì)陶瓷粉末,，是制備高性能高溫結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷和功能陶瓷的重要原材料，在制備高密度磁記錄材料,、微孔過(guò)濾器材料,、隱身材料、觸媒材料中也得到應(yīng)用,。此外,，快冷Al2O3-ZrO2磨料已形成產(chǎn)品，獲得應(yīng)用,。

⑦快冷減摩材料,。如制造蝸輪的微晶合金LZA4205、制造軸瓦的微晶合金LZA4008,、制造滑板的微晶合金LZA3805,、制造絲母的微晶合金LZA4510，在機(jī)械制造行業(yè)用于替代銅基合金都得到了很好的應(yīng)用

8. 海洋石油115

國(guó)際一桶汽油=158.98升= 115公斤左右國(guó)際上沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的汽油價(jià)格,，只有原油價(jià)格,，因?yàn)楦鱾€(gè)國(guó)家的汽油配方都是不統(tǒng)一的，就沒(méi)辦法統(tǒng)一價(jià)格,。

汽油包括原油結(jié)算基本都是按照容量算,，比如一升、一桶,，原油的價(jià)格是比較透明的,，比如現(xiàn)在一桶原油在40美元左右，算下來(lái)大約是270-280元人民幣一桶,，但是汽油價(jià)格差距就大了,，因?yàn)楦鲊?guó)環(huán)境不一樣、政策不一樣,，我國(guó)汽油價(jià)格算是居中,，比起中東一些國(guó)家的幾毛錢(qián)一升算很貴，比起部分發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家比如法國(guó),，幾乎是我們的兩倍,，所以汽油價(jià)格不好比。

9. 海洋石油163平臺(tái)

第一章 總 則

第一條 為了確保東北石油大學(xué)2020年招生工作的順利進(jìn)行,，提高生源質(zhì)量,，維護(hù)考生合法權(quán)益,，規(guī)范招生行為，體現(xiàn)“公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng),、公正選拔,、公開(kāi)透明，全面考核,、綜合評(píng)價(jià),、擇優(yōu)錄取”的招生原則，根據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)教育法》,、《中華人民共和國(guó)高等教育法》和教育部及黑龍江省教育廳的有關(guān)規(guī)定,，結(jié)合東北石油大學(xué)招生工作的具體情況，特制定本章程,。

2020年?yáng)|北石油大學(xué)招生簡(jiǎn)章及招生計(jì)劃專(zhuān)業(yè)人數(shù)錄取規(guī)則

第二條 本章程適用于東北石油大學(xué)全日制普通本,、專(zhuān)科招生工作。

第三條 學(xué)校全稱(chēng)：東北石油大學(xué),。

英文名稱(chēng)為“Northeast Petroleum University”,。

第四條 學(xué)校代碼：10220。

第五條 辦學(xué)性質(zhì)：公辦,、全日制普通本科高等學(xué)校,。學(xué)校上級(jí)主管部門(mén)為黑龍江省教育廳。

第六條 辦學(xué)層次：學(xué)校具有博士,、碩士,、學(xué)士三級(jí)學(xué)位授予權(quán)，以培養(yǎng)全日制普通專(zhuān)科,、本科,、碩士、博士研究生為主,。

第七條 頒發(fā)畢業(yè)證書(shū)及學(xué)位證書(shū)的學(xué)校名稱(chēng)：東北石油大學(xué)。

第八條 辦學(xué)地點(diǎn)：

大慶校區(qū)地址：黑龍江省大慶市高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)學(xué)府街99號(hào)

郵編：163318

秦皇島校區(qū)地址：河北省秦皇島市河北大街西段550號(hào)

郵編：066044

第二章 組織機(jī)構(gòu)及職責(zé)

第九條 東北石油大學(xué)成立由學(xué)校主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及有關(guān)部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)人,、教師,、校友及學(xué)生代表組成的招生委員會(huì)，全面貫徹落實(shí)國(guó)家招生工作的有關(guān)政策,，負(fù)責(zé)制定學(xué)校招生政策,，討論決定學(xué)校招生的重大事宜。

第十條 東北石油大學(xué)招生辦公室是學(xué)校的常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu),，負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)校全日制普通本,、專(zhuān)科招生的日常工作。

第十一條 東北石油大學(xué)招生辦公室根據(jù)需要組建赴各?。ㄗ灾螀^(qū),、直轄市）招生宣傳工作組,，負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)校在該省（自治區(qū),、直轄市）的招生宣傳和咨詢工作,。

第十二條 學(xué)校紀(jì)檢監(jiān)察部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督招生政策和規(guī)定的落實(shí)，維護(hù)廣大考生和學(xué)校的合法權(quán)益,。

第三章招生計(jì)劃

第十三條 招生計(jì)劃編制原則：按照教育部計(jì)劃編制要求,，根據(jù)學(xué)校歷年在各省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)的招生情況,、各學(xué)科專(zhuān)業(yè)在各省(自治區(qū),、直轄市)的需求情況，兼顧各省(自治區(qū),、直轄市)的高考人數(shù)比率,、生源質(zhì)量及考生需求等因素進(jìn)行分配和調(diào)整。

第十四條 有關(guān)各省(自治區(qū),、直轄市)的分專(zhuān)業(yè)招生人數(shù)及錄取批次以各省(自治區(qū),、直轄市)招辦公布的結(jié)果為準(zhǔn)，也可登錄我校招生信息網(wǎng)（http://zsxxw.nepu.edu.cn）查詢,。

第十五條 根據(jù)教育部的有關(guān)規(guī)定,，高校可以預(yù)留少量計(jì)劃,，用于調(diào)節(jié)各省(自治區(qū),、直轄市)生源的不平衡。預(yù)留計(jì)劃的使用必須堅(jiān)持集體議事,、集體決策,、公開(kāi)透明的原則。2020年我校不預(yù)留計(jì)劃,。

第十六條 2020年我校本科專(zhuān)業(yè)按類(lèi)招生的有：計(jì)算機(jī)類(lèi)（包括計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù),、軟件工程、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程三個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)）,、工商管理類(lèi)（包括工商管理,、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo),、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué),、財(cái)務(wù)管理四個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)）、地質(zhì)學(xué)類(lèi)（包括地質(zhì)學(xué),、地球化學(xué)兩個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)）,。按本科專(zhuān)業(yè)類(lèi)招生錄取的學(xué)生,，根據(jù)本科人才培養(yǎng)方案，入校后再進(jìn)行專(zhuān)業(yè)分流,。

第十七條 本碩連讀實(shí)驗(yàn)班實(shí)行動(dòng)態(tài)學(xué)籍管理，按照《東北石油大學(xué)本碩連讀實(shí)驗(yàn)班實(shí)施方案（試行）》進(jìn)行修讀資格考核與分流管理,。

第四章錄取原則

第十八條 東北石油大學(xué)根據(jù)教育部有關(guān)文件精神,，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行教育部“學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé),，招辦監(jiān)督”錄取體制的規(guī)定,。

第十九條 東北石油大學(xué)根據(jù)招生省（自治區(qū),、直轄市）當(dāng)年生源情況,，確定調(diào)檔比例。

第二十條 學(xué)校2020年錄取工作繼續(xù)采取計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)上遠(yuǎn)程錄取方式進(jìn)行,。

第二十一條 學(xué)校按照“分?jǐn)?shù)優(yōu)先,，兼顧志愿”的原則錄取，不設(shè)志愿級(jí)差和專(zhuān)業(yè)級(jí)差,。按照生源所在地的招生計(jì)劃以及考生志愿,，按考生投檔成績(jī)由高到低排序錄取， 若考生投檔成績(jī)相同,，則按下述原則錄?。?/p>

（1）按照單科成績(jī)高低（各省、自治區(qū),、直轄市規(guī)定單科成績(jī)順序的,，則按照其規(guī)定執(zhí)行；否則,，文史類(lèi)考生按照語(yǔ)文,、外語(yǔ)、文科綜合,，理工類(lèi)考生按照數(shù)學(xué),、外語(yǔ)、理科綜合的單科順序）順序依次錄取,。

（2）若單科成績(jī)順序相同,，則按照考生專(zhuān)業(yè)志愿先后順序錄取。

第二十二條 對(duì)于投檔考生,，分?jǐn)?shù)未達(dá)到所報(bào)專(zhuān)業(yè)最低錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線且不服從專(zhuān)業(yè)調(diào)劑,，一般做退檔處理。

第二十三條 生源所在?。ㄗ灾螀^(qū),、直轄市）確定的年度加分政策，我校按照教育部以及生源所在地省級(jí)招生辦公室有關(guān)文件規(guī)定執(zhí)行,。

第二十四條 工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),、建筑學(xué)、城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃三個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)要求考生有一定的美術(shù)基礎(chǔ),。

第二十五條 我校體檢要求按照教育部《普通高等學(xué)校招生體檢工作指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》的文件精神執(zhí)行,。

第二十六條 藝術(shù)類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)的錄取原則：

（1）獲得各省（自治區(qū)）招生辦公室組織的專(zhuān)業(yè)考試（省統(tǒng)考）合格證書(shū),；

（2）文化課成績(jī)達(dá)到各?。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)）招生辦公室劃定的藝術(shù)類(lèi)本科錄取控制分?jǐn)?shù)線,；

（3）按照省統(tǒng)考專(zhuān)業(yè)測(cè)試成績(jī)從高到低錄取,；

（4）省統(tǒng)考專(zhuān)業(yè)測(cè)試成績(jī)相同的考生,，按照文化課成績(jī)從高到低錄取,；

（5）對(duì)于音樂(lè)表演專(zhuān)業(yè),，聲樂(lè)和器樂(lè)按照省統(tǒng)考專(zhuān)業(yè)測(cè)試成績(jī)分開(kāi)排序，分別錄取,。

（6）各省、自治區(qū)招生音樂(lè)表演（器樂(lè)）專(zhuān)業(yè)的樂(lè)器種類(lèi)如下：

①黑龍江省招生的樂(lè)器種類(lèi)：二胡,、阮,、柳琴、嗩吶,、笙,、揚(yáng)琴、琵琶,、竹笛,、古琴、小提琴,、大提琴,、低音提琴、小號(hào),、圓號(hào),、長(zhǎng)號(hào)、低音號(hào),、單簧管,、雙簧管、大管,、古典吉他,、打擊樂(lè)（西洋、民族）,、雙排鍵電子琴,、手風(fēng)琴、鋼琴,。

②河南省,、河北省招生的樂(lè)器種類(lèi)：二胡、阮,、柳琴,、嗩吶,、笙、揚(yáng)琴,、琵琶,、古箏、竹笛,、古琴,、小提琴、大提琴,、低音提琴,、小號(hào)、圓號(hào),、長(zhǎng)號(hào),、長(zhǎng)笛、單簧管,、雙簧管,、大管、薩克斯,、打擊樂(lè)（西洋,、民族）、雙排鍵電子琴,、手風(fēng)琴,、鋼琴。

③內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū),、湖南省招生的樂(lè)器種類(lèi)：二胡,、嗩吶、笙,、阮,、柳琴、揚(yáng)琴,、琵琶,、小提琴、大提琴,、低音提琴,、小號(hào)、圓號(hào),、長(zhǎng)號(hào),、低音號(hào)、單簧管,、雙簧管,、大管,、打擊樂(lè)（西洋、民族）,、雙排鍵電子琴,、手風(fēng)琴、鋼琴,。

④山西省,、江西省招生的樂(lè)器種類(lèi)：二胡、嗩吶,、笙,、阮、揚(yáng)琴,、琵琶,、古箏、小提琴,、大提琴、低音提琴,、小號(hào),、圓號(hào)、長(zhǎng)號(hào),、低音號(hào),、長(zhǎng)笛、雙簧管,、大管,、古典吉他、打擊樂(lè)（西洋,、民族）,、雙排鍵電子琴、手風(fēng)琴,、鋼琴,。

第五章學(xué)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

第二十七條 根據(jù)國(guó)家規(guī)定，學(xué)生入學(xué)須繳納學(xué)費(fèi),、住宿費(fèi)和其它費(fèi)用,。

第二十八條 我校根據(jù)黑龍江省發(fā)改委、黑龍江省財(cái)政廳下發(fā)的有關(guān)文件規(guī)定收取學(xué)費(fèi),。

第二十九條 對(duì)于按專(zhuān)業(yè)類(lèi)招生的學(xué)生,，專(zhuān)業(yè)分流前先按該專(zhuān)業(yè)類(lèi)所含專(zhuān)業(yè)的最低學(xué)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)收取學(xué)費(fèi)，待專(zhuān)業(yè)分流后再按所分流專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)收取學(xué)費(fèi),，并補(bǔ)齊專(zhuān)業(yè)分流前的差額,。

東北石油大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

專(zhuān)業(yè)名稱(chēng) 學(xué)費(fèi)（元） 專(zhuān)業(yè)名稱(chēng) 學(xué)費(fèi)（元）

財(cái)務(wù)管理 4000 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程 5000

測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器 4500 建筑環(huán)境與能源應(yīng)用工程 4000

地球化學(xué) 4000 建筑學(xué) 4000

地球物理學(xué) 3800 教育技術(shù)學(xué) 4500

電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 4000 金屬材料工程 4500

電子科學(xué)與技術(shù) 4800 勘查技術(shù)與工程 4500

電子信息工程 4000 旅游管理 待定

電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù) 4000 社會(huì)工作 4000

高分子材料與工程 4500 石油工程 4500

給排水科學(xué)與工程 4000 市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo) 4500

工程管理 4500 通信工程 4800

工程力學(xué) 4000 土木工程 4000

工商管理 4500 信息管理與信息系統(tǒng) 3500

工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 4500 信息與計(jì)算科學(xué) 4000

國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易 3500 行政管理 4000

過(guò)程裝備與控制工程 4500 應(yīng)用化學(xué) 4000

化學(xué) 3800 應(yīng)用物理學(xué) 2800

化學(xué)工程與工藝 4500 英語(yǔ) 4000

環(huán)境工程 4500 油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程 4500

會(huì)計(jì)學(xué) 4500 資源勘查工程 4500

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 4500 自動(dòng)化 4800

計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù) 4800 人力資源管理 4000

環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)（藝術(shù)類(lèi)） 9000 能源化學(xué)工程 5000

音樂(lè)表演（藝術(shù)類(lèi)） 9000 漢語(yǔ)言文學(xué) 4500

舞蹈編導(dǎo)（藝術(shù)類(lèi)） 9000 車(chē)輛工程 5500

俄語(yǔ) 4500 公共事業(yè)管理 5000

海洋油氣工程 5500 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 4500

能源與動(dòng)力工程 5000 地質(zhì)學(xué) 5000

數(shù)學(xué)與應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué) 4000 安全工程 5000

應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) 4500 光電信息科學(xué)與工程 5000

新能源材料與器件 5000 城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃 5000

數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)與大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù) 5000 智能電網(wǎng)信息工程 5000

軟件工程：第一,、二學(xué)年6000元，

第三,、四學(xué)年14000元,。

秦皇島校區(qū)的高職（專(zhuān)科）各專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)費(fèi)均為6000元/學(xué)年·生。

注：該表所列數(shù)據(jù)為2019年學(xué)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),，2020年若黑龍江省相關(guān)文件有變化的,，按照新的學(xué)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)收取。

第六章獎(jiǎng)（助）學(xué)金制度

第三十條 學(xué)校設(shè)有國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,、國(guó)家勵(lì)志獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,、優(yōu)秀新生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、優(yōu)秀學(xué)生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金以及 “孫越崎”獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金等,，各類(lèi)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金均按照相關(guān)規(guī)定予以評(píng)定,。

第三十一條 按照國(guó)家和黑龍江省有關(guān)政策規(guī)定，學(xué)校設(shè)立了家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助制度,，困難學(xué)生通過(guò)申請(qǐng)國(guó)家助學(xué)金,、勤工助學(xué)崗位和社會(huì)捐助等方式順利完成學(xué)業(yè)；學(xué)校還協(xié)助家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生辦理在校期間免息的生源地信用助學(xué)貸款或入學(xué)后申請(qǐng)辦理校園地國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款,。

第七章學(xué)校招生咨詢聯(lián)系方式

第三十二條 聯(lián)系方式：

大慶校區(qū)電話：0459-6503662,， 6504671， 6504674,；

秦皇島校區(qū)電話：0335-8065200,；

學(xué)校網(wǎng)址：http://www.nepu.edu.cn；

招生信息網(wǎng)網(wǎng)址：http://zsxxw.nepu.edu.cn,；

招生辦公室電子信箱：[email protected]

第八章附則

第三十三條 本章程將根據(jù)教育部,、生源地省級(jí)招生管理部門(mén)當(dāng)年招生政策的調(diào)整進(jìn)行修訂。本章程若與國(guó)家法律,、法規(guī)和上級(jí)有關(guān)政策相抵觸,，以國(guó)家法律、法規(guī)和上級(jí)有關(guān)政策規(guī)定為準(zhǔn),。

第三十四條 本章程未盡事宜由東北石油大學(xué)招生辦公室負(fù)責(zé)解釋,。

東北石油大學(xué)招生辦公室

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10. 海洋石油162平臺(tái)

山東省內(nèi)所有高校獲2021國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金學(xué)生共3585人，每個(gè)獲獎(jiǎng)學(xué)生可得8000元獎(jiǎng)金,。

中央高校共884人獲獎(jiǎng),，山東大學(xué)523人，中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)199人,，中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）162人,。

地方高校共2701人獲獎(jiǎng)。

山東大學(xué)共523人

11. 海洋石油937平臺(tái)

音標(biāo)是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的第一步,，想要學(xué)好音標(biāo)需要認(rèn)識(shí)音標(biāo),、會(huì)讀音標(biāo),，這樣以后才能認(rèn)識(shí)單詞。在學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)前,，我們要先知道國(guó)際音標(biāo)有48個(gè),，元音有20個(gè)，輔音有28個(gè),，元音又分為單元音和雙元音,，單元音有12個(gè)，雙元音有8個(gè),。

音標(biāo)數(shù)目

在上表中,，我們可以看到音標(biāo)有48個(gè)，現(xiàn)在我們常說(shuō)的國(guó)際音標(biāo)也是48個(gè),。

可以點(diǎn)擊下面鏈接學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo),。

《【48個(gè)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》

元音部分

輔音部分

音標(biāo)的分類(lèi)

最實(shí)用的分類(lèi)方式是：元音=長(zhǎng)元音+短元音+雙元音；輔音=清輔音+濁輔音,。

英語(yǔ)一共有48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo),，包括20個(gè)元音，28個(gè)輔音,。

20個(gè)元音包括5個(gè)長(zhǎng)元音：/i:/,、/?:/、/u:/,、/a:/、/?:/,；

7個(gè)短元音：[i]?[?]?[?]?[u]?[?]?[e]?[?],；

8個(gè)雙元音：/e?、/a?/,、/??/,、/??/、/e?/,、/??/,、/??/、/a?/,；

注意：

1,、長(zhǎng)元音顧名思義就是發(fā)的音比較長(zhǎng)而飽滿；短元音則發(fā)的音比較短而急,；

2,、雙元音就是兩個(gè)單元音拼在一起，成為組合音,。雙元音發(fā)音的特點(diǎn)是前面的單元音發(fā)音長(zhǎng),，后面的發(fā)音比較短,。

28個(gè)輔音包括：輕輔音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/

濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/

鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/

半元音 /j/ /w/

邊音 /?/

發(fā)音技巧

長(zhǎng)元音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)長(zhǎng)元音發(fā)音?！丁驹粢魳?biāo)（長(zhǎng)元音）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3》

5個(gè)長(zhǎng)元音/i:/,、/?:/、/u:/,、/a:/,、/?:/發(fā)音技巧。

（1）/i:/發(fā)音技巧：

發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒,，口形扁平,。在發(fā)音的時(shí)候要盡量拉長(zhǎng)，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟詩(shī)的感覺(jué),。

單詞舉例：bee [bi?] n. 蜜蜂,；see [si?] v. 看見(jiàn)，參看

（2）/?:/發(fā)音技巧：

/?:/是長(zhǎng)元音,，近似于北京腔的“兒”話音,，如“花兒”的“兒”。發(fā)好這個(gè)音,，關(guān)鍵在于卷舌,！

單詞舉例：shirt [??:t] n. 襯衫,男士襯衫；nurse [n?:s] n. 護(hù)士,保姆

（3）/u:/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)雙唇用力向前突出,，有點(diǎn)像拉長(zhǎng)了音說(shuō)“烏”,，但要注意，“烏”的口形較扁,。

單詞舉例：moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮,；room [ru?m] n. 房間,空間

（4）/a:/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)口張大，雙唇稍收?qǐng)A,。發(fā)音時(shí)可以照著鏡子,，說(shuō)“啊”，看看嘴巴張得夠不夠大,，記得要將嘴巴盡量張大,。

單詞舉例：ask [a:sk] v. 問(wèn),詢問(wèn)； far [fa:r] adj. 遠(yuǎn)的

（5）/?:/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí),，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A,，并向前突出，發(fā)音接近于漢語(yǔ)“嗷”,。這是個(gè)長(zhǎng)元音,，記住：長(zhǎng)元音一定要拉長(zhǎng)，發(fā)出來(lái)才好聽(tīng),。

單詞舉例：door [d?:r] n. 門(mén),； short [??:t] adj. 短的

短元音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)短元音發(fā)音?！丁尽居⒄Z(yǔ)音標(biāo)7個(gè)短元音/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/怎么讀,？】-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E》

7個(gè)短元音：/i/、/?/,、?/?/,、/u/、/?/,、/e/,、/?/

（1）/i/發(fā)音技巧

它是個(gè)短元音，發(fā)音要短促而輕快,。

單詞舉例：big [b?ɡ] adj. 大的,龐大的,；Fit [fit] v. 合身,適合于

（2）/?/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)舌身平放，雙唇扁平,。發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)不用卷舌,。

單詞舉例：teacher [?ti?t??] n. 老師,教師； mother [?m?e?] n. 母親

（3）/?/ 發(fā)音技巧

這是一個(gè)短元音,，發(fā)音一定要短,，發(fā)音比/?:/短一些，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A,，并向前突出,。

單詞舉例：dog [d?g] n.狗,家伙；hot [h?t] adj. 熱的,辣的

（4）/u/ 發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇收?qǐng)A,，稍突出,。就像發(fā)漢語(yǔ)中的“烏”，但沒(méi)發(fā)完就給打斷了一樣,。

單詞舉例：book [b?k] n. 書(shū),卷,；cook [k?k] vt. 烹調(diào),煮

（5）/?/ 發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)輕觸下齒,，唇形稍扁,，開(kāi)口度較大。這個(gè)發(fā)音有點(diǎn)像發(fā)“啊”音時(shí)突然被誰(shuí)卡住了脖子的感覺(jué),。

單詞舉例：brother['br?e?(r)] n. 哥哥,，弟弟；mother [?m?e?] n. 母親

（6）/e/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒,，舌前部稍抬起,，上下嘴張開(kāi)的角度大約呈“45度”，同時(shí)發(fā)出聲音。

單詞舉例：leg [leg] v.?n.?腿,支柱,； desk?[desk] n.?書(shū)桌

（7）/?/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí),，雙唇向兩邊平伸，張開(kāi)嘴,，嘴唇放松逐漸壓低舌頭7和下顎,，盡可能夸張。

單詞舉例：bad?[b?d]?：adj.?壞的,不好的,；cat?[k?t]?：n.?貓,，貓科動(dòng)物

雙元音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)雙元音發(fā)音?！丁尽居⒄Z(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)】英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)-8個(gè)雙元音的發(fā)音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl》

8個(gè)雙元音發(fā)音技巧：/e?/,、/a?/、/??/,、/??/,、/e?/、/??/,、/??/,、/a?/

（1）/e?/發(fā)音技巧

該音是個(gè)雙元音，發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇稍扁,，口形從半開(kāi)到合,。類(lèi)似于英文字母“A”。

單詞舉例：say[sei]?v.說(shuō),；delay[di?lei]?n.?延遲?

（2）/a?/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)此音的關(guān)鍵是要把/a/音發(fā)足,，接近于英文字母中的“I”。

單詞舉例：ice??[ais]?n.?冰,，雪糕,；side?[said] n.?面，邊

（3）/??/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇從圓到扁,，口形從開(kāi)到合,。接近于漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音“奧一”。

單詞舉例：oil??[?il]?n.?油,，石油,；noise?[n??z]?n.?噪音，嘈雜聲

（4）/??/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)聲時(shí),，由第一個(gè)音[i]向[?]集中,，接近于漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音“一呃”。

單詞舉例：fear???[f??r]?：n.?害怕,，可能性,；dear???[d??r]?：adj.?親愛(ài)的

（5）/e?/發(fā)音技巧

接近于漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音“哎呃”。

單詞舉例：bear??[b??]?：n.?熊；wear??[w??]?：vt.?穿著

（6）/??/發(fā)音技巧

第一個(gè)是“短烏音”/u/,，第二個(gè)是/?/,。類(lèi)似于漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音“屋呃”。

單詞舉例：sure?[???r]?adj.?確信的,，確實(shí)的,；pure??[pj??r]?adj.?純的；?單純的

（7）/??/發(fā)音技巧

舌位由半低到高,，口形由半開(kāi)到小,。接近于漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音“呃屋”。

單詞舉例：?flow??[fl?u]?：vi.?流,；glow???[ɡl??]?：vi.?發(fā)光,，灼熱

（8）/a?/發(fā)音技巧

由第一個(gè)音向第二個(gè)音滑動(dòng)，接近于漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音“啊屋”,。

單詞舉例：cow?[ka?]?n.?奶牛,，乳牛；hour?[a??r]?n.?小時(shí),，鐘頭

輔音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)輔音發(fā)音,。《【英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)（輔音部分）,，發(fā)音規(guī)則與技巧,！美式發(fā)音，地道口語(yǔ),！清輔音,，濁輔音！初級(jí),，零基礎(chǔ),，歡迎新手！-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA》

11個(gè)清輔音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/

11個(gè)濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/

注意：

清輔音：發(fā)音時(shí)送氣,，聲帶不顫動(dòng)（顫不顫用手放在喉嚨上就知道了）

濁輔音：發(fā)音時(shí)不送氣(拿張紙放在嘴前,，紙沒(méi)有被吹開(kāi))，聲帶顫動(dòng),。

（1）/p/ /b/諧音分別為“普”,、“卜”，都省去韻母成分

發(fā)音方法：/p/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/b/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/p/：pen [pen] n.鋼筆；pin [pin] n.大頭針

/b/：bike [baik] n.自行車(chē)；beg [beg] v.乞求

（2）/t/ /d/分別諧音“特”,、“得”,。

發(fā)音方法：/t/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/d/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。

單詞舉例：/t/ ：ten [ten] num,； test [test] n. 試驗(yàn), 考驗(yàn)

/d/： student?[?studnt] ?n.學(xué)生,； date ?[de?t] n.日期、日子,、約見(jiàn)時(shí)間 v.注明日期,、寫(xiě)上日期

（3）/k/ /g/分別諧音“可”、“嗝”,。

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎,，憋住氣，然后突然分開(kāi),，氣流送出口腔,，形成爆破音。/k/是清輔音,，聲帶不要振動(dòng),；/g/是濁輔音，聲帶需要振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/k/ ：kite [kait] n. 風(fēng)箏,；cake [ke?k] n. 蛋糕

/g/： glove [ɡl?v] n. 手套；girl [ɡ?:l] n. 女孩

（4）/f/ /v/

/f/諧音“府”,，/v/就是北方人把W讀成V那種感覺(jué),。

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音前，上齒咬住下嘴唇,，然后使氣流由唇齒間的縫隙中通過(guò),，從而引起摩擦。

/f/是清輔音,，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不震動(dòng),；/v/是濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/f/：flower ['fla??r] n. 花,；fly [flai] vi.飛, 飛行

/v/：love [l?v] v. 愛(ài)；seven [?sev?n] num. 七

(5)/θ/ /e/ 牙齒輕咬舌尖發(fā)出的音

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí),，舌尖微微伸出,，置于上下門(mén)齒之間,，舌尖和下齒之間的氣流通道非常窄小，氣流從舌齒間的窄縫中通過(guò),。/θ/是清輔音,，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)；/e/是濁輔音,，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/θ/：three [θri:] num. 三； throw [θr??] vi. 投擲

/e/：this [e?s] pron. 這,這個(gè),，這里,； mother [?m?e?(r)] n. 母親

(6)/s/ 諧音“絲”，/z/“zi”

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌端靠近齒齦,，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出,。/s/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/z/是濁浦音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。

單詞舉例：/s/：school [sku:l] n. 學(xué)校,，學(xué)院,；bus [b?s] n. 公共汽車(chē)

/z/：please [pli:z] int.請(qǐng)；zoo [zu:] n.動(dòng)物園

(7)/ts/ /dz/分別諧音“次”,、“自”

發(fā)音方法：舌端先貼住上齒齦,，堵住氣流，氣流送出口腔,。/ts/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng)，/dz/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/ts/：cats [k?ts] n. 貓( cat的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )；hats [h?ts] n. 帽子( hat的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )

/dz/：hands [h?ndz] n.手,；lands [l?ndz] n.陸地

(8)/tr/ /dr/分別諧音“戳”,、“捉”

發(fā)音方法：舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發(fā)出短促的/t/后立即發(fā)/r/,。/tr/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/dr/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 樹(shù)，木料,；try [tra?] vt.& vi. 試圖

/dr/：dress [dres] n.連衣裙,；drink [dr??k] v.喝酒

(9)/∫/ /?/分別諧音“詩(shī)”,、“日”

發(fā)音方法：/∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/?/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/∫/：English [???gl??] adj. 英格蘭的,； 英國(guó)的；rubbish [?r?b??] n. 垃圾,；

/?/：pleasure [?ple??] n.快樂(lè),，愉快；casual [?k??u?l] adj意外的,，偶然的

（10）/t∫/ /d?/分別諧音“吃”,、“之”

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌身抬高，舌端抵上齒齦后部,，氣流通過(guò)時(shí)發(fā)出破擦音,。/t∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/d?/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。

單詞舉例：/t∫/： chalk [t??:k] n. 粉筆,；chair [t?e?r] n. 椅子

/d?/：page [pe?d?] n.頁(yè) ,；age [e?d?] n.年齡

(11)/h/ /r/分別諧音“呵”、“若”,，省去韻母成分,。

發(fā)音方法：

發(fā)/h/這個(gè)音時(shí)，嘴半開(kāi),，氣流從口腔不受阻礙而出,，聲帶不振動(dòng)，清輔音,。

發(fā)/r/這個(gè)音時(shí),，舌端上卷，靠近上齒齦附近,，嘴唇張開(kāi)并保持略圓狀態(tài),，氣流從口腔涌出，聲帶振動(dòng),，屬于濁輔音,。

單詞舉例: /h/： hair [he?(r)] n.頭發(fā)；hate [he?t] v.恨,，厭惡

/r/： sorry ['s?r?] v.對(duì)不起 ,；write [ra?t] v.寫(xiě)

鼻音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)鼻音發(fā)音,。《【（21）鼻音 m n ? | 英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)發(fā)音口型示范 | 美式發(fā)音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx》

(1)/m/諧音“恩”

發(fā)音方法：雙唇緊閉,，軟腭下垂,，氣流從鼻腔發(fā)出，聲帶震動(dòng),。閉口音,。

單詞舉例：major [?me?d??(r)] adj.主要的；time [ta?m] n.時(shí)間

(2)/n/諧音“呢”

發(fā)音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦,，形成阻礙,，氣流從鼻腔發(fā)出，同時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng),，開(kāi)口音,。

單詞舉例：nice [na?c] adj.漂亮的；funny [?f?ni] adj.有趣的

(3)/?/諧音“英”,，省去聲母部分

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)氣流從鼻腔涌出,，聲帶振動(dòng)。

單詞舉例： think [θ??k] v.想,；angel [?e?nd?l] n.天使

邊音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)邊音發(fā)音,。《【真正的國(guó)際音標(biāo)-邊音 Lateral-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F》

/l/諧音“里”

發(fā)音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦,，發(fā)音時(shí)氣流從舌面的兩側(cè)通過(guò),，聲帶保持震動(dòng)，屬于濁輔音,。

單詞舉例：light [la?t] n.光線 ,；ball [b?:l] n.球

半元音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)半元音發(fā)音?！丁綛BC英語(yǔ) 其他輔音 半元音'w'的發(fā)音 與'v'的區(qū)別 國(guó)際音標(biāo)發(fā)音｜Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl》

/j/諧音“耶”

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng),，氣流口腔發(fā)出。濁輔音,，發(fā)音口型類(lèi)似/ i/.

單詞舉例：ye [jes] adv.是的,；young [j??] adj.年輕的

/w/諧音“屋”

發(fā)音方法：嘴唇張開(kāi)到剛好可以含住一根吸管的程度，并向前微噘起,，但上齒不能接觸下唇,立刻滑向其后的元音,。

單詞舉例：wish [w??] ：v. 希望； which [w?t?] ：pron. 哪一個(gè)

學(xué)習(xí)步驟

抄寫(xiě)

抄寫(xiě)音標(biāo),，并了解音標(biāo)特點(diǎn),。

對(duì)音標(biāo)的基本認(rèn)知

1、區(qū)別長(zhǎng)短音帶“：”的音標(biāo)發(fā)音相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)不帶“：”的音標(biāo)發(fā)音相對(duì)較短,。

2,、區(qū)別清輔音和濁輔音核心區(qū)別：清輔音聲帶不震動(dòng),，濁輔音聲帶振動(dòng)。

模仿練習(xí)

找合適的視頻學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)跟讀,。例如b站上《【賴世雄48個(gè)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)朗讀示范,，美音英音對(duì)照版-嗶哩嗶哩】 【https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3】》、《【李詠梅老師英語(yǔ)（音標(biāo)部分）——最牛的初中英語(yǔ)老師,！沒(méi)有之一,！李詠梅國(guó)際音標(biāo) （完整版發(fā)音篇）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE》、《【純正英式發(fā)音】這是BBC出品的到現(xiàn)在為止最棒的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音教程（完整版）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5》,，以上幾個(gè)視頻都非常不錯(cuò),，詳細(xì)講解每個(gè)音標(biāo)的讀法,。注意視頻一定至少跟讀5遍,，才能確保你的學(xué)習(xí)效果。

也可以通過(guò)下面這個(gè)視頻觀察發(fā)音口型的變化,。

《【48個(gè)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》

1,、模仿練習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音,，要注意觀察老師的口型,，觀察發(fā)音部位的變化，主動(dòng)模仿發(fā)音,，初學(xué)可以對(duì)著鏡子模仿練習(xí),，特別是元音發(fā)音的舌位高低，口腔開(kāi)口度大小與音色關(guān)系十分密切,，可以通過(guò)鏡子觀察口型上的區(qū)別,，觀察舌尖,、舌面,、舌葉的活動(dòng)情況，比如u和o,、i和e,、e和ε等等,，掌握準(zhǔn)確口腔開(kāi)口度，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音具有非常重要的意義,。

2,、聽(tīng)音訓(xùn)練:學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際音標(biāo)需要認(rèn)識(shí)48個(gè)音標(biāo)，通過(guò)反反復(fù)復(fù)的聽(tīng)力練習(xí),，達(dá)到強(qiáng)化記憶,。聽(tīng)音訓(xùn)練，如果有條件,，可以多聽(tīng)老師朗讀音標(biāo),，也可以使用錄音帶反復(fù)聽(tīng)音,，本課件中的每個(gè)音素，都可以循環(huán)傾聽(tīng),，強(qiáng)化記憶,。

3、多動(dòng)口,，動(dòng)口是加強(qiáng)實(shí)踐的關(guān)鍵和核心,，聽(tīng)音也好，模仿也好,，比較也好,，最終要?dú)w結(jié)到自己發(fā)音這一目標(biāo)上來(lái)，所以勤動(dòng)口是掌握國(guó)際音標(biāo)發(fā)音的關(guān)鍵,。俗話說(shuō),，"三天不寫(xiě)手生，三天不念口生",，說(shuō)的就是要加強(qiáng)動(dòng)手動(dòng)口能力的培養(yǎng),。因此學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際音標(biāo)，要時(shí)時(shí)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)音訓(xùn)練,，勤動(dòng)口,，反復(fù)實(shí)踐練習(xí)，在實(shí)踐中比較,，在實(shí)踐中體會(huì)差別,，做到熟能生巧，這樣自然就掌握國(guó)際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音了,。

重點(diǎn)音標(biāo)講解

單元音

[i:] =“一”

[?]：[?]開(kāi)口要比[i:]稍大,，注意比較兩圖口型。

[e] 嘴張45°,，[?]嘴張90°

[?:r] [?r]=“二”

[?]=額（不卷舌）

[?]：開(kāi)口比“啊”略小

[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”

[ɑ] =“啊”

[?] =開(kāi)口稍大的“哦”

[?:r]=卷舌的“哦”

[u:]核心：雙唇由半開(kāi)微突,，過(guò)渡到合嘴圓唇

[?] 發(fā)成噘嘴的[?],氣流向外。

雙元音

雙元音較簡(jiǎn)單,，大多數(shù)可進(jìn)行類(lèi)比,，注意雙元音的重音在第一個(gè)音標(biāo)，即前一個(gè)音讀的稍重,，后一個(gè)音讀的較輕,。

[e?]=“A”

[a?]=“I”

[??]=“O”

[??]=“哦一”

[??]=ear

[e?]=air

[??]=“烏爾”

輔音

大部分輔音跟“漢語(yǔ)拼音”都有相似之處，直接看視頻模仿即可,，這里只講解易錯(cuò)發(fā)音,。

爆破音：

[t] [p] [k] 不要讀成[t?] [p?] [k?] 注意：它們聲帶不震動(dòng)

摩擦音：

[f][v] 咬唇音，注意上齒咬下唇

[θ][e]

上下齒輕咬舌頭，發(fā)音時(shí)能看到你的舌頭露出

[?]=不發(fā)音的“詩(shī)” [?]= “日”

[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“熱” [h]=不發(fā)音＋舌頭平放的“喝”

鼻音

[m] 合嘴

[n] 舌前部抵住上顎

[?] 嘴巴張開(kāi)

舌側(cè)音[l]

元音前：跟拼音“l(fā)”發(fā)音一致元音后：發(fā)“l(fā)”的前半段

半元音

[j] “也”

[w] =圓唇噘嘴的“我”

破擦音

[t?]= 不發(fā)聲的“吃”

[d?]= “居”

[ts]=不發(fā)聲的“次”

[dz]=“子”

[tr] 先發(fā)“t”,，在發(fā)“r”,，最后結(jié)合在一起

[dr] 同上

詞匯拼讀

1,、規(guī)劃拼讀任務(wù)，拿出單詞書(shū)或課本詞匯表，找只含1~2個(gè)音節(jié)的單詞拼讀,，20個(gè)為一組，每天練習(xí)3組，當(dāng)然如果有時(shí)間，多進(jìn)行幾組也OK，加強(qiáng)效果,。后期難度逐漸加大。

2、輸入法識(shí)別詞匯，每拼讀一個(gè)詞匯,，都對(duì)著X飛輸入法的語(yǔ)音識(shí)別功能朗讀,，看能否被輸入法識(shí)別出單詞,，用機(jī)器來(lái)檢測(cè)是否讀的準(zhǔn)確,。

3,、聽(tīng)詞匯跟讀，不管輸入法識(shí)別出單詞,，還是沒(méi)識(shí)別出單詞，都要查手機(jī)字典,，來(lái)聽(tīng)一遍聽(tīng)力,，并跟讀，模仿語(yǔ)調(diào)和輕重讀音,。

例如：Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency

學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃

1、國(guó)際音標(biāo),，一共48個(gè)，每天學(xué)4個(gè),，12天學(xué)完,，元音和輔音每天各學(xué)習(xí)兩個(gè)。

2,、學(xué)完以后結(jié)合和音標(biāo)相關(guān)的單詞,，每天堅(jiān)持讀一個(gè)小時(shí)，第二天要把第一天的一塊兒讀,，第三天要把前兩天的一塊兒讀,，依次類(lèi)推，堅(jiān)持學(xué)完所有的音標(biāo),，就可以讀字典上任何一個(gè)單詞,。

3、長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持下去,，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)很多字母和音標(biāo)有著關(guān)聯(lián),，比如ph都發(fā)音標(biāo)f的音，字母u發(fā)尖a的音,，類(lèi)似的規(guī)律,，當(dāng)大家堅(jiān)持下來(lái)以后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多，同時(shí)你甚至可以聽(tīng)到單詞的發(fā)音就能把單詞拼出來(lái),，直接就把背單詞的問(wèn)題解決了,，音標(biāo)會(huì)讀，單詞會(huì)讀,，單詞會(huì)背,，聽(tīng)力當(dāng)然也不再是問(wèn)題。自己總結(jié)出來(lái)的規(guī)律說(shuō)明真的學(xué)會(huì)了,，同時(shí)自己得出來(lái)的結(jié)論要比老師直接告訴你印象更深刻,，同時(shí)最重要的是用起來(lái)更容易。

注意事項(xiàng)

1,、了解發(fā)音要領(lǐng),，模仿老師口型

學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)音,，一定要注意口型，并仔細(xì)揣摩每個(gè)音標(biāo)的發(fā)音要領(lǐng),，特別是相似音標(biāo)的發(fā)音區(qū)別,。

零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)員不要以為盯著老師的口型就好了，其實(shí)發(fā)音很多都是內(nèi)部器官看不到的,， 所以需要老師正確的發(fā)音示范,，跟著老師一起讀，然后再加上老師給的一些技巧,，繼續(xù)跟讀,，老師感覺(jué)哪有問(wèn)題，再幫著糾正,，這樣一系列過(guò)程才是練成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音的秘籍,。

2、 單詞拼讀實(shí)戰(zhàn),，一對(duì)一糾正錯(cuò)誤

養(yǎng)成一口純正口語(yǔ)最重要的還是練習(xí)練習(xí)再練習(xí),，單詞拼讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練，鞏固你的發(fā)音,。不斷讀,，不斷糾正，訓(xùn)練單個(gè)音標(biāo)到訓(xùn)練多個(gè)單詞,，在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)音的過(guò)程中,，再掌握一些基礎(chǔ)的詞匯。

3,、辯音練習(xí),，糾正錯(cuò)誤，掌握發(fā)音規(guī)律

訓(xùn)練難度會(huì)隨著課程的深入不斷加強(qiáng),，但還是訓(xùn)練相同的內(nèi)容,，一節(jié)課很多類(lèi)似的訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容。音標(biāo)中很多類(lèi)似的發(fā)音,，將相似音放在一起對(duì)比再練習(xí),，舌頭和耳朵在這很重要。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標(biāo)是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的第一步,，想要學(xué)好音標(biāo)需要認(rèn)識(shí)音標(biāo),、會(huì)讀音標(biāo)，這樣以后才能認(rèn)識(shí)單詞,。在學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)前,，我們要先知道國(guó)際音標(biāo)有48個(gè)，元音有20個(gè)，輔音有28個(gè),，元音又分為單元音和雙元音,，單元音有12個(gè)，雙元音有8個(gè),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X0ayd2WScoy4M6xsFVmcneA8n8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標(biāo)數(shù)目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGMMdqqKGoIkyGxmsOVcclDvnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在上表中,，我們可以看到音標(biāo)有48個(gè),，現(xiàn)在我們常說(shuō)的國(guó)際音標(biāo)也是48個(gè),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AESAdWCuQoQUiuxmQkVcGNVXnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以點(diǎn)擊下面鏈接學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E20kdWCCso4ykCx45GjcqgWynqa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48個(gè)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AqckdkO2SoWKyoxQJlCcXjKcn4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsOsda4UyoA0yUx4xP6czKClnJg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":345,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a663fdb6f1284e47acca44c09060b0a2","width":694},"text":"","id":"AEKudCk2So0cmMxCAIeceBvxnjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KisEdmSmgogIwoxC4ZMcG3QknLe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音部分","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7467dcbf994549a5a6381df079b4301f","width":561},"text":"","id":"PAIEdU6suogWcexSCXRc664TnUf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標(biāo)的分類(lèi)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YouadwUQwosyeyxasemc2PIHnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最實(shí)用的分類(lèi)方式是：元音=長(zhǎng)元音+短元音+雙元音,；輔音=清輔音+濁輔音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwWMdM0y4okSc6xUXz8cZOKMnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語(yǔ)一共有48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)，包括20個(gè)元音,，28個(gè)輔音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEYEdomcAoIWSIx0gs6ctJvEnHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20個(gè)元音包括5個(gè)長(zhǎng)元音：/i:/、/?:/,、/u:/,、/a:/、/?:/,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOEMdsCmEo8wmuxy9sgchI0Dncu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7個(gè)短元音：[i]?[?]?[?]?[u]?[?]?[e]?[?],；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSgsdwwsWoc2i8xcLMycBbyfnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8個(gè)雙元音：/e?、/a?/,、/??/,、/??/、/e?/,、/??/,、/??/、/a?/,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEqydSEaYoYgAExG0OJcpQCinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgMudGYi4ooOcUxmocWcCoCEn1I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、長(zhǎng)元音顧名思義就是發(fā)的音比較長(zhǎng)而飽滿；短元音則發(fā)的音比較短而急,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUm2dg0ayooas8xw7mKc1LHmnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、雙元音就是兩個(gè)單元音拼在一起，成為組合音,。雙元音發(fā)音的特點(diǎn)是前面的單元音發(fā)音長(zhǎng),，后面的發(fā)音比較短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L6kydWcCEosSoGx4YDdcStKNnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"28個(gè)輔音包括：輕輔音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKwdykA4ogsCMxghM8cwNI2ndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKwedeuCIoQOQOxsPGjcKnRinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsCOdg4ACo2C8cxYDOvc9jprnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音 /j/ /w/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YgEed6IysogkMcxCm9rcZCI9nMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邊音 /?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkYUdw6iMoqSiqxwvFGcq3HTnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音標(biāo)的分類(lèi)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6872a8bb79f14f40989a6ed6bc41be7a","width":720},"text":"","id":"C4qGduOAkoiWuQx0ixicZGvqnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYc4dsOwco02wAxAp27chauenkc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"長(zhǎng)元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MI8CdGMgmoi24ox6Isuc2rBwnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)長(zhǎng)元音發(fā)音,?！丁驹粢魳?biāo)（長(zhǎng)元音）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmiUdgiYaoo2m8xCLThcfQzVnob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5個(gè)長(zhǎng)元音/i:/、/?:/、/u:/,、/a:/,、/?:/發(fā)音技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FKwydmY08oE4Esxsthgc7bG6ngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/i:/發(fā)音技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JICedKKGioa2S6xOb2IcdXk7n31"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒,，口形扁平,。在發(fā)音的時(shí)候要盡量拉長(zhǎng)，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟詩(shī)的感覺(jué),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PuU6dGQ4goEwuyx0SHAcyATXnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：bee [bi?] n. 蜜蜂,；see [si?] v. 看見(jiàn)，參看","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoymdmuGiocUiExgVgicDvQJn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長(zhǎng)元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11401e7cc5bc444dbe441c1675fed41f","width":451},"text":"","id":"Jwu8dI462oaeoYx2YiTciWTqnvE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/?:/發(fā)音技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ts2qdA6SgoseSMxKkuqcBll6nug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/?:/是長(zhǎng)元音,，近似于北京腔的“兒”話音,，如“花兒”的“兒”。發(fā)好這個(gè)音,，關(guān)鍵在于卷舌,！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OYYudyQECoAUWCxAXCXcpSQNnwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：shirt [??:t] n. 襯衫,男士襯衫；nurse [n?:s] n. 護(hù)士,保姆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"COSGdekU0o4gUuxMXnMcC6pCn2c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長(zhǎng)元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/623ec09f755c4250bf94380ee9544915","width":562},"text":"","id":"FCiYdGaciomUW2xG0SicnSgFnLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/u:/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWOIdEuS2o0WmaxWew6cVNb0nEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)雙唇用力向前突出,，有點(diǎn)像拉長(zhǎng)了音說(shuō)“烏”,，但要注意，“烏”的口形較扁,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGkEdI2kMos20Ox2r4qcCFyXnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮,；room [ru?m] n. 房間,空間","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Esasd8QoioyssQxkPtKc5kBmnJc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":301,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長(zhǎng)元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe82dde826ae4239afa4b48ffe8b0c42","width":453},"text":"","id":"RKWId4Ca4og0QexmwWYcZ2TOnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/a:/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TAmEdomGco0mmmxMBcic5uLqnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)口張大，雙唇稍收?qǐng)A,。發(fā)音時(shí)可以照著鏡子,，說(shuō)“啊”，看看嘴巴張得夠不夠大,，記得要將嘴巴盡量張大,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSYadWSEcooYEQxIUAjct9vnnFJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：ask [a:sk] v. 問(wèn),詢問(wèn)； far [fa:r] adj. 遠(yuǎn)的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YAQsdCAoGosGOqxQt5octrTLnYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":273,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長(zhǎng)元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/025ef979d9624dbc88706798e493e87b","width":454},"text":"","id":"JsAodyMG4oaAWUx0eNaclgPRnU7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）/?:/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VyMWdKGuYouWEGxCWxVch2RmnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí),，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A,，并向前突出，發(fā)音接近于漢語(yǔ)“嗷”,。這是個(gè)長(zhǎng)元音,，記住：長(zhǎng)元音一定要拉長(zhǎng),，發(fā)出來(lái)才好聽(tīng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MgM2dcYGCo46QcxQbwMc94Nynih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：door [d?:r] n. 門(mén)； short [??:t] adj. 短的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgscdccICoGgwaxKaJWc1SyKnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長(zhǎng)元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7a38edc116f4856b5a9593f720e724d","width":450},"text":"","id":"Ho4YdSGgcoUyQqxmgKhctGE7nkd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0wOd0uowoAm6exEjRdcgKeDnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)短元音發(fā)音,?！丁尽居⒄Z(yǔ)音標(biāo)7個(gè)短元音/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/怎么讀,？】-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUQIdyWAoo6YMexciCLc5g4mnfx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7個(gè)短元音：/i/、/?/,、?/?/,、/u/、/?/,、/e/,、/?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQe8de0WgoW4WIxIf6EcSf5Jn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/i/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OeiSdAac6oeg4QxICt4cMrZ1ngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是個(gè)短元音，發(fā)音要短促而輕快,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KyOcdmKcYo2yg0xc9CLchnc0nFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：big [b?ɡ] adj. 大的,龐大的,；Fit [fit] v. 合身,適合于","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Peq6dMSKAoKMiex85ZpcCHMwn8c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7490f86fa2e840c7822c7a8652cc3b59","width":454},"text":"","id":"Jg8qd0SAGoaqQYxWG62cTGd0nJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/?/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yi4gdOOSwoqi4ixUPCxcr7dTn8N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)舌身平放，雙唇扁平,。發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)不用卷舌,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSWGdgm2wokq4uxaoSxc9pQNnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：teacher [?ti?t??] n. 老師,教師； mother [?m?e?] n. 母親","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N600dqWCioIGAexsDGtcikolnSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fc5b84b799c543ba81a17ef6447d69b3","width":451},"text":"","id":"Zicodsi0aoGSMcxMFmhcGojin4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/?","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"/ ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cwu6dsy0ioSIoQxQ3McctItdnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一個(gè)短元音,，發(fā)音一定要短，發(fā)音比/?:/短一些,，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A,，并向前突出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B40SdEqGeommYaxUVmkcbAFunof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：dog [d?g] n.狗,家伙,；hot [h?t] adj. 熱的,辣的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6OQdeMYeo8kqAxQFP0cUzhtnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/u/ 發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MkEMdeuwcoUMQMx2jfDcSL1Lnle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇收?qǐng)A,，稍突出。就像發(fā)漢語(yǔ)中的“烏”,，但沒(méi)發(fā)完就給打斷了一樣,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUQadG2AOoyQiqxovbfcN5hMnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：book [b?k] n. 書(shū),卷；cook [k?k] vt. 烹調(diào),煮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XiW4dUI0WoeWYaxmgclczYA7nSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":318,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a926c1aa6d5d4ce79c0d19c2159ce98e","width":454},"text":"","id":"QGcAdYE6MomYUMxuiFcciKOwnKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）/?/ 發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QemKd0uQoogOGqx0yTfccRfnnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)輕觸下齒,，唇形稍扁,，開(kāi)口度較大。這個(gè)發(fā)音有點(diǎn)像發(fā)“啊”音時(shí)突然被誰(shuí)卡住了脖子的感覺(jué),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQgydeee4ogWwyxgJKecse67nsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：brother['br?e?(r)] n. 哥哥,，弟弟；mother [?m?e?] n. 母親","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8i8des8kowCQaxCkeRcyQO0nMc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1518aaa5800744e6bc885be81174da0d","width":458},"text":"","id":"WMWQdCSuEoUWmExgHZKcmgz1nhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（6）/e/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqQmdo8KCoky4ex6tkXch12DnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒,，舌前部稍抬起,，上下嘴張開(kāi)的角度大約呈“45度”，同時(shí)發(fā)出聲音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HESCdsQuMo60Eox6PwLcFLN7nkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：leg [leg] v.?n.?腿,支柱,； desk?[desk] 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","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DAMod2AYQoGwMYxmm7pcZVEgnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11個(gè)清輔音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JY04deUyUo4SOIx00V9cNrjgn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11個(gè)濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aya6dI06WoYGm0xgFG8cd2RWnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DCAKdYKa6o6CskxSKjOcMmqYnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"清輔音：發(fā)音時(shí)送氣,，聲帶不顫動(dòng)（顫不顫用手放在喉嚨上就知道了）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4c8d0oaKoiiasxSJbIc3Phpn8z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"濁輔音：發(fā)音時(shí)不送氣(拿張紙放在嘴前，紙沒(méi)有被吹開(kāi)),，聲帶顫動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6msd8Wsao4MCox3aGXchxhTnit"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/p/ /b/諧音分別為“普”、“卜”,，都省去韻母成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqgqdeYCwoquUGxIpR6cp8i9n6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：/p/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/b/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iUduAywo0QcsxAPIvcauRYn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/p/：pen [pen] n.鋼筆；pin [pin] n.大頭針","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6YGdymweowsukxi0Chcjet4nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/b/：bike [baik] n.自行車(chē),；beg [beg] v.乞求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IukEd2acUomqsix61ZlcYRZgntc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":291,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/606b063e5abc4abda1a64a5bcd15ed33","width":453},"text":"","id":"GAAodsy42oGcEOxqesecgGainDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":279,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62b2c2ff83cd446e913fc3894b60f5ed","width":453},"text":"","id":"LocqdA2WqoWwOmx4iqoc1Co1nzd"}],"text":"","id":"OUu0dw0IUoCAoKxWuwQcERpSn2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/t/ /d/分別諧音“特”,、“得”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUu0dw0IUoCAoKxWuwQcERpSn2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：/t/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/d/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqgudmymyoWeMyxG4qAcXd5Nn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/t/ ：ten [ten] num,； test [test] n. 試驗(yàn), 考驗(yàn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmCsdscSUougQExs3LHcC6Yvnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/d/： student?[?studnt] ?n.學(xué)生,； date ?[de?t] n.日期、日子,、約見(jiàn)時(shí)間 v.注明日期,、寫(xiě)上日期","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QEwYdeUuqoceaWxmGpgcCQRAnaf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a42294e34f854b1db31a0c38ef37302c","width":450},"text":"","id":"Q8KYdagoIo4k20x8FBYcKkY5ng9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":303,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/904cd5e38687477288a3126fcc4f1018","width":454},"text":"","id":"EOGSdg44io6MwMxwFg2cxsvAnPf"}],"text":"","id":"DQQedqwyMooIEkxIKJIcVruHnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/k/ /g/分別諧音“可”、“嗝”,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQQedqwyMooIEkxIKJIcVruHnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎,，憋住氣，然后突然分開(kāi),，氣流送出口腔,，形成爆破音。/k/是清輔音,，聲帶不要振動(dòng),；/g/是濁輔音，聲帶需要振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CiO0dy8SCoiem2xKge6ccUbyn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/k/ ：kite [kait] n. 風(fēng)箏,；cake [ke?k] n. 蛋糕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FUQodyeyyoWuQAx2JGYcZNT1nqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/g/： glove [ɡl?v] n. 手套；girl [ɡ?:l] n. 女孩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQIOdQAAIoSki6xy8ITcIpXtnmh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14d7ac9a6f4f404893f06bdabb1aa226","width":490},"text":"","id":"Emi6dSeEKo2WoixmcDrcz6VHnU6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06964c4beb5c4fce98d2def6ba8ebbca","width":493},"text":"","id":"DYMkdcSk4oSS0AxYncocwbmfnZc"}],"text":"","id":"DySedIAYgoKsywxoVI4cNSDinKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/f/ /v/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DySedIAYgoKsywxoVI4cNSDinKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/f/諧音“府”,，/v/就是北方人把W讀成V那種感覺(jué),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ISoKdAUgYoGIyExI5y6cPFHfnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音前，上齒咬住下嘴唇,，然后使氣流由唇齒間的縫隙中通過(guò),，從而引起摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RM62de2eqoAkcixAxO3c7o2nn2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/f/是清輔音,，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不震動(dòng),；/v/是濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGkSdk02UoUYoqx87ogcwnwpnPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/f/：flower ['fla??r] n. 花,；fly [flai] vi.飛, 飛行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DmI8dMaAyocKYixCAJOcvEDznmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/v/：love [l?v] v. 愛(ài)；seven [?sev?n] num. 七","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CaQOdgSIQogyCOxO4sGcBbGqnkg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":307,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce3c52756514e448ddc1d518e55ecdf","width":450},"text":"","id":"Pam6duQkAoyQ6Oxq6dwcgin7nTe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":307,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d517eafc9904db59404a654d6aabfd9","width":499},"text":"","id":"A6ugd446kocAo6xgNYQcDw1hnId"}],"text":"","id":"XICgdYG6eowkcoxiK6zcQDIVn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)/θ/ /e/ 牙齒輕咬舌尖發(fā)出的音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XICgdYG6eowkcoxiK6zcQDIVn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí),，舌尖微微伸出,，置于上下門(mén)齒之間，舌尖和下齒之間的氣流通道非常窄小,，氣流從舌齒間的窄縫中通過(guò),。/θ/是清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng),；/e/是濁輔音,，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmG0de0CookKwKxgJVJctctcnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/θ/：three [θri:] num. 三； throw [θr??] vi. 投擲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BQUadqEywoMcs2xEtzIc5zkmnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/e/：this [e?s] pron. 這,這個(gè),，這里,； mother [?m?e?(r)] n. 母親","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGMedc0I2oEIOEx6qDWc6Ca4nwg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50168da9a42b477395fa447a59aadf00","width":640},"text":"","id":"TS0MdAOiIoWak2x4Fr2cXJLRneg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe852c5bda9443b4b98bcb1ed73950ab","width":456},"text":"","id":"Y6o6dYI68oOO4ixYzmUcUdwlnHg"}],"text":"","id":"MCEgdOoEkoUE2qxAtnfcviE7nSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)/s/ 諧音“絲”，/z/“zi”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCEgdOoEkoUE2qxAtnfcviE7nSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌端靠近齒齦,，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出,。/s/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/z/是濁浦音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiYMdEsIcom0uoxgfRFcbXodnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/s/：school [sku:l] n. 學(xué)校,，學(xué)院,；bus [b?s] n. 公共汽車(chē)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WO6kd6cMWoAM02xGkWKc7Bunnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/z/：please [pli:z] int.請(qǐng)；zoo [zu:] n.動(dòng)物園","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IgmKdaGiooyg8ExgVM2cEGJAnoh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":271,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a735a6fd556430899e72f213603429c","width":453},"text":"","id":"IYIEdaM6co0Mo6xsd9CcEcfGnrf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":217,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbd3bbe2132a47e09a970ca158685fd7","width":454},"text":"","id":"S6C8duMs0omqiKxkfZncVmJSnIb"}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)/ts/ /dz/分別諧音“次”,、“自”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：舌端先貼住上齒齦,，堵住氣流，氣流送出口腔,。/ts/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng)，/dz/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wu2AdkuSioKeekxGWiWcUNN1nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/ts/：cats [k?ts] n. 貓( cat的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )；hats [h?ts] n. 帽子( hat的名詞復(fù)數(shù) ) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DOksdQsWUoKGA2xETz0chmFantf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dz/：hands [h?ndz] n.手,；lands [l?ndz] n.陸地","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmSdKgc0oK828xcVxeci6yGnOg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":289,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8fdc13488fbc4d59a98f9f0713aefe7c","width":450},"text":"","id":"P8KydWaQYo8qWUxQppkc4qdhngb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c7a93711b0e46cc83a527c60d527179","width":451},"text":"","id":"PkmQd6QMeoIcCIxoQSfcvdqVnmb"}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(8)/tr/ /dr/分別諧音“戳”,、“捉”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發(fā)出短促的/t/后立即發(fā)/r/,。/tr/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/dr/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSKsdMQi0o82OexWotqcSV0KnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 樹(shù),，木料,；try [tra?] vt.\u0026 vi. 試圖 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGkKdsqAqo0C8WxqIJucE48Anzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dr/：dress [dres] n.連衣裙；drink [dr??k] v.喝酒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcYWdO6moomiWCxi6X3c322tnUe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8cd7b6ea3573404d915c2b39fdd668ad","width":454},"text":"","id":"Vg4UdMsoWosWm6xmPRjcCCNMnyQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":296,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/700de1de8f2b402893d73b6fd25b5342","width":452},"text":"","id":"OsM4dSIkIouswGxiw7LcHHrMnjb"}],"text":"","id":"JSaEd8UAsoau4axA33tcPSTUnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(9)/∫/ /?/分別諧音“詩(shī)”,、“日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSaEd8UAsoau4axA33tcPSTUnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：/∫/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/?/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKmAda0ceooIAExiq07crsVtnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/∫/：English [???gl??] adj. 英格蘭的,； 英國(guó)的；rubbish [?r?b??] n. 垃圾,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGIidicIkoCGCKxKo0PcQBYlnhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/?/：pleasure [?ple??] n.快樂(lè),，愉快；casual [?k??u?l] adj意外的,，偶然的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwwIdAKiooqy2Cxak94c5PDbnGg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f332b0d40c74d34ae86cb1fa3ca05e7","width":454},"text":"","id":"DwsYdMccsog0iYxISsfcHUVinNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f540e592612a4386a861f7ad67e4073c","width":453},"text":"","id":"ISiYdkQoGoGQe0xKa7JcQsU3n3d"}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（10）/t∫/ /d?/分別諧音“吃”,、“之”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌身抬高，舌端抵上齒齦后部,，氣流通過(guò)時(shí)發(fā)出破擦音,。/t∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/d?/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U0gWdO4iMoCAaoxYfM3cC5m6n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/t∫/： chalk [t??:k] n. 粉筆,；chair [t?e?r] n. 椅子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NK0ydWy0SoseSyxGoJMcJWW5nLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/d?/：page [pe?d?] n.頁(yè) ,；age [e?d?] n.年齡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEesduWwUowgWuxm4gJcL9gGnuc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":277,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b628a6b1e514fe0b391ed64c1367954","width":454},"text":"","id":"V86EdgUKGoouEOxqclNcNjX5nCh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":267,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d921b622ffa4a38a273f436986ea872","width":445},"text":"","id":"VIo0dGc4yoCimMxU5WBcTgQNnSb"}],"text":"","id":"E0eYdWCA2oa2Q8xADQhcjsCsnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(11)/h/ /r/分別諧音“呵”、“若”,，省去韻母成分,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0eYdWCA2oa2Q8xADQhcjsCsnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M04md204koiKaQxcjQPccMzznXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)/h/這個(gè)音時(shí)，嘴半開(kāi),，氣流從口腔不受阻礙而出,，聲帶不振動(dòng)，清輔音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6Kidis8moccGAxjkUjcGKHMncS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)/r/這個(gè)音時(shí),，舌端上卷，靠近上齒齦附近,，嘴唇張開(kāi)并保持略圓狀態(tài),，氣流從口腔涌出，聲帶振動(dòng),，屬于濁輔音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Skk8dmsmoog2KwxWIvucX2Yvnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例: /h/： hair [he?(r)] n.頭發(fā)；hate [he?t] v.恨,，厭惡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeIKdecMEoOEEsxC2MDcxzKenug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/r/： sorry ['s?r?] v.對(duì)不起 ,；write [ra?t] v.寫(xiě)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmKEdA6O2oMuaCxQ3hLc0Vauneh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae68233a2f1f4e0bae1ada1aafa601b2","width":455},"text":"","id":"B2IgdUQ0AoYG6wxYVJccq7VMnag"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":690,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5bc0da8fe7f4de1b056a6e261a0535d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"FoGadAwoIoQ8iux6WegcTMzCnlb"}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)鼻音發(fā)音?！丁荆?1）鼻音 m n ? | 英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)發(fā)音口型示范 | 美式發(fā)音-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsmOdYKyAoKyYgxct1YcwrFxnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)/m/諧音“恩”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GAAmd86QgomQgmxaa0LcUWtJn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：雙唇緊閉,，軟腭下垂，氣流從鼻腔發(fā)出，聲帶震動(dòng),。閉口音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ws8udoA2soaccyxaUb3cYEJCnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：major [?me?d??(r)] adj.主要的；time [ta?m] n.時(shí)間","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGuudoKUeogKgKxS8ZUcakUsnYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f85c67957ccc46bdaa291f21c4945bbf","width":453},"text":"","id":"JSAAdM6wSo6uSUxQzE5cb42LnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)/n/諧音“呢”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsCId8QaAou0OwxCavicqQUSnLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦,，形成阻礙,，氣流從鼻腔發(fā)出，同時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng),，開(kāi)口音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E2GAdKKSGoCuWIxQdrXctfW6nvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：nice [na?c] adj.漂亮的；funny [?f?ni] adj.有趣的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MysCdSuOeoeK8ixaugKcDN72nUf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf6bbf9b230c4ba385b68bf46687dc48","width":449},"text":"","id":"IKM0duY8Go6u4CxkBlucRm0XnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)/?/諧音“英”,，省去聲母部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WcoodGMkwoI2YGxIP4ucIJsAnRC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)氣流從鼻腔涌出,，聲帶振動(dòng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWcSd6OUCoq0a8xAV9sc88PznPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例： think [θ??k] v.想,；angel [?e?nd?l] n.天使","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6YIdO2o0o8w2Ax5e5RcRshSnn9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":281,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9be0385b2e8b48298d7c1f70fbddcfcd","width":453},"text":"","id":"Ng62d6MoOo82sUx6k4VcQMB9nYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"邊音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSIdwyEkoMIqCxotU0cFfxbnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)邊音發(fā)音,。《【真正的國(guó)際音標(biāo)-邊音 Lateral-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8uCdoCuco8aeGxkXIScGUjtnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/l/諧音“里”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkeKdas6eoQ8msxawD1cdzE7n6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦,，發(fā)音時(shí)氣流從舌面的兩側(cè)通過(guò),，聲帶保持震動(dòng)，屬于濁輔音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIWkd0eeuoiCGqx6rikckQCtnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：light [la?t] n.光線 ,；ball [b?:l] 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","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8yIdi2Ego4uoyxmUgXcTisJn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/j/諧音“耶”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2ScdIcYUouWkWxiojWcdJ1KnJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng),，氣流口腔發(fā)出。濁輔音,，發(fā)音口型類(lèi)似/ i/.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QmQMd4CA2o0cWYxeKdicdK2bn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：ye [jes] adv.是的,；young [j??] 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哪一個(gè)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N8yMd808YogkeYxS8Bzcw8AnnZe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/752d066e3d624ac5a0a385ff5a02f131","width":453},"text":"","id":"A2EAdkoKaoKUE8xCUKAcaFHvnrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)步驟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGmUduwi2o4WWcxW8UAcAtf6nsh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄寫(xiě)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyQmdY0woowyiWxQtzSct7zAn95"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄寫(xiě)音標(biāo),，并了解音標(biāo)特點(diǎn),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKeud2iiGoSqEAxWbELcjRpgnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對(duì)音標(biāo)的基本認(rèn)知","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RaimdAOiYoEG8SxSmf2ceFeonGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、區(qū)別長(zhǎng)短音帶“：”的音標(biāo)發(fā)音相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)不帶“：”的音標(biāo)發(fā)音相對(duì)較短,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z2ScdmyGqomYqaxyqkdcLdq3nhL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、區(qū)別清輔音和濁輔音核心區(qū)別：清輔音聲帶不震動(dòng),，濁輔音聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYY8dyIYwo8OyAxcjYfcWTgKn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8YAdU2MgoEgOGxKAYHckkUAn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找合適的視頻學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)跟讀。例如b站上《【賴世雄48個(gè)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)朗讀示范，美音英音對(duì)照版-嗶哩嗶哩】 【","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"】》,、《【李詠梅老師英語(yǔ)（音標(biāo)部分）——最牛的初中英語(yǔ)老師,！沒(méi)有之一！李詠梅國(guó)際音標(biāo) （完整版發(fā)音篇）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》,、《【純正英式發(fā)音】這是BBC出品的到現(xiàn)在為止最棒的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音教程（完整版）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》,，以上幾個(gè)視頻都非常不錯(cuò)，詳細(xì)講解每個(gè)音標(biāo)的讀法,。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"注意視頻一定至少跟讀5遍,，才能確保你的學(xué)習(xí)效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KS4ydK4S6oiIQmxu0vncRSQHnMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也可以通過(guò)下面這個(gè)視頻觀察發(fā)音口型的變化,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IuCAd8Eeao4kYCxCirecwybinKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48個(gè)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmAd4gewoQWIUxKQ07cNUeEnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、模仿練習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音,，要注意觀察老師的口型,，觀察發(fā)音部位的變化，主動(dòng)模仿發(fā)音,，初學(xué)可以對(duì)著鏡子模仿練習(xí),，特別是元音發(fā)音的舌位高低，口腔開(kāi)口度大小與音色關(guān)系十分密切,，可以通過(guò)鏡子觀察口型上的區(qū)別,，觀察舌尖、舌面,、舌葉的活動(dòng)情況,，比如u和o、i和e,、e和ε等等,，掌握準(zhǔn)確口腔開(kāi)口度，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音具有非常重要的意義,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcymdwOWCo6CIGxa2tecRpqyncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、聽(tīng)音訓(xùn)練:學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際音標(biāo)需要認(rèn)識(shí)48個(gè)音標(biāo)，通過(guò)反反復(fù)復(fù)的聽(tīng)力練習(xí),，達(dá)到強(qiáng)化記憶,。聽(tīng)音訓(xùn)練，如果有條件,，可以多聽(tīng)老師朗讀音標(biāo),，也可以使用錄音帶反復(fù)聽(tīng)音，本課件中的每個(gè)音素,，都可以循環(huán)傾聽(tīng),，強(qiáng)化記憶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N242dAYGAoY4MIxCel4c7gT7nOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、多動(dòng)口,，動(dòng)口是加強(qiáng)實(shí)踐的關(guān)鍵和核心,，聽(tīng)音也好，模仿也好,，比較也好,，最終要?dú)w結(jié)到自己發(fā)音這一目標(biāo)上來(lái)，所以勤動(dòng)口是掌握國(guó)際音標(biāo)發(fā)音的關(guān)鍵,。俗話說(shuō),，\"三天不寫(xiě)手生，三天不念口生\",，說(shuō)的就是要加強(qiáng)動(dòng)手動(dòng)口能力的培養(yǎng),。因此學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際音標(biāo)，要時(shí)時(shí)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)音訓(xùn)練,，勤動(dòng)口,，反復(fù)實(shí)踐練習(xí)，在實(shí)踐中比較,，在實(shí)踐中體會(huì)差別,，做到熟能生巧，這樣自然就掌握國(guó)際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音了,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8AGdQweWo6Eq4xwZQpcAzqTnGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重點(diǎn)音標(biāo)講解","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYgkdUaewoSIquxc48NcmqD7nQy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YW4wdUskoocOAwxuatBcuFsWn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[i:] =“一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HgwEd26sEoK8kaxa0MKcjHMRnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]：[?]開(kāi)口要比[i:]稍大,，注意比較兩圖口型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSyYdOwSUo0k2axkAtYc5sddnbB"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":150,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/424933217c51464b98439d52a906dc79","width":313},"text":"","id":"XAeYdY8kMoOcUmx8IcRck6D9n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e] 嘴張45°,，[?]嘴張90°","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeQGdy2Smou2O6xURCZcVp3Lnae"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":145,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6672fd2298724d35a280bead538ac3ae","width":306},"text":"","id":"RmM4dISSQoAMIcxygd5cxr6HnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?:r] [?r]=“二”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSo6dKsSWo2GYcxZjETc9G1GnDG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]=額（不卷舌）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsmdKmyKoAssoxAzOdc7OWnntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":169,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23669fa681c94516b68dbd7dfbeacb30","width":287},"text":"","id":"Fo6QduWAwokykix49KRcfCJmnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]：開(kāi)口比“啊”略小","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGsmdsW6woUimYxOwpucaftfnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4q6dQqcMo8UY4x6uROcurTungg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yc4mdmGSQow40gxqCAGcOvvinBd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":158,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a325dcff9bf444c93f02a661b7eb1dc","width":288},"text":"","id":"YI2udUmcEoUO2axUffDc55c0n5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ] =“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOUkd82oyoSQK2xGU3Yc38ITngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?] =開(kāi)口稍大的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BY4wdeQqqoy6C6xqo3wc8LQdnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?:r]=卷舌的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VieGd4caOoI2eIxKk63cHfKcnEh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47f4542a00f04f7aae6be6656657cf8c","width":114},"text":"","id":"IE8cdeAC4oMySuxgcAocFfSanZ3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89ec169b38a04ab99190b396206e9400","width":98},"text":"","id":"UyMSdui2WoASQExMfVZcTvLqnrd"}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[u:]核心：雙唇由半開(kāi)微突,，過(guò)渡到合嘴圓唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?] 發(fā)成噘嘴的[?],氣流向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4EUdoaeCoGgg2xA94WcKc7XnVg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGS8duyAEoSGqgxas3DcrumNnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙元音較簡(jiǎn)單,，大多數(shù)可進(jìn)行類(lèi)比,，注意雙元音的重音在第一個(gè)音標(biāo)，即前一個(gè)音讀的稍重,，后一個(gè)音讀的較輕,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww4IdocgUoaaeAxYJjwcra66neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e?]=“A”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TciidSSSmoKY6MxOmfycHajin1A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[a?]=“I”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QyWEdEi4eo0WC4xYBXWcKXKJn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“O”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OaqodkkAWoIIwixUvLJciK9Dnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“哦一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIkGdeWMMoCgCKxujKucWEgXnl7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=ear","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6Wedoq6Go4KQKx0OLvcGKWAnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e?]=air","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKsUdcKGSouW0exAVi9cPsZcnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“烏爾”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JMWSdYuUAo84WexU5RncsFdWnYe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6SAdQWcYoe2WexqIZ7cCguWnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分輔音跟“漢語(yǔ)拼音”都有相似之處，直接看視頻模仿即可,，這里只講解易錯(cuò)發(fā)音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOS4dUWgKoegoQxoBW1c0scNnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爆破音：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGwkdoY06oeKEExaYJdcMIPWnyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[t] [p] [k] 不要讀成[t?] [p?] [k?] 注意：它們聲帶不震動(dòng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqIEdUkemo8g6Gx2j13czIRNn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摩擦音：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAkqdWaUkoe4oQx6CBicKu6JnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[f][v] 咬唇音，注意上齒咬下唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UMwCdEUkWoQ6uQxwJcscTdTUnrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":146,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ad2d1355a204bcbae724b0dc07ceb1b","width":248},"text":"","id":"QugUdOeOOoC8yAxzSjzcPmdenp5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[θ][e]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoGUd4UcUoS2eSxig5ac7Oh0nPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上下齒輕咬舌頭,，發(fā)音時(shí)能看到你的舌頭露出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YesIdOoy4oEWmax6YWXcvXUSn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":125,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb45b894066748d99889cbe3cbcf925d","width":239},"text":"","id":"XM0idmGoWosKc0xkOwdckSZZnUx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]=不發(fā)音的“詩(shī)” [?]= “日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BC0IdUyW4oiyGqxMzvxcAjzpnIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8f6dc95aeda44ba960be5c6b0ae01ba","width":278},"text":"","id":"DSW8dw0eQoyYAIx87UScLiJbnvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“熱” [h]=不發(fā)音＋舌頭平放的“喝”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsYdguS0osqikxYJjncCMxjnie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYkOdgowEo6mSExYBRPc5wiznOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[m] 合嘴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LeSWdaaQkouGaMxKWxWcL08ense"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[n] 舌前部抵住上顎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmKIdKGsiooa6ix6RbecaOExnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?] 嘴巴張開(kāi)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xcusd4giYokcyGxKw8JccJM3nxd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6809d9fd4d604c999772a6441dca8739","width":157},"text":"","id":"HEw2dqIAYoysEoxiySQcHndjnud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5675b8cf0d67465db9106dd349b765ab","width":165},"text":"","id":"ICYydaeeyosCAQxq6mDcf2cJnvb"}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌側(cè)音[l]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音前：跟拼音“l(fā)”發(fā)音一致元音后：發(fā)“l(fā)”的前半段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAW4dyoO6ouEMwxU9DycGSVfnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYiUdiuoAoc0SkxJxQ7cKyODnHH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[j] “也”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiEYdKWOGoYoCsxaALDcfRxtn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[w] =圓唇噘嘴的“我”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eakqd8i8gomqCCx0C5ScvszAn3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"破擦音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWgEdOqSCo2cwaxgnVNcniofnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[t?]= 不發(fā)聲的“吃”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QUISdIOmYo8CAEx2xyfcxw1EnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[d?]= “居”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGoQdUkewoOKqwxg1NmcNvosncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ts]=不發(fā)聲的“次”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8K6ducAkoeSccxsVFec10Icnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dz]=“子”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V2CSdAm0ioYYcqxADoecjOXUn5T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[tr] 先發(fā)“t”,，在發(fā)“r”，最后結(jié)合在一起","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PMwOdSKYsoO6yyxKW0vcyzhxnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dr] 同上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqcCdaYuSosyuIx02oycX1iwnQh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"詞匯拼讀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I0GedsKk0oUgoOxuyXccgX1vnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、規(guī)劃拼讀任務(wù),，拿出單詞書(shū)或課本詞匯表,，找只含1~2個(gè)音節(jié)的單詞拼讀，20個(gè)為一組,，每天練習(xí)3組，當(dāng)然如果有時(shí)間,，多進(jìn)行幾組也OK,，加強(qiáng)效果。后期難度逐漸加大,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YiK6dkyMqoE6KYxcZFecaO2Onic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、輸入法識(shí)別詞匯，每拼讀一個(gè)詞匯,，都對(duì)著X飛輸入法的語(yǔ)音識(shí)別功能朗讀,，看能否被輸入法識(shí)別出單詞，用機(jī)器來(lái)檢測(cè)是否讀的準(zhǔn)確,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F82MdiS0OoEyEyxk1SicCu6vnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、聽(tīng)詞匯跟讀，不管輸入法識(shí)別出單詞,，還是沒(méi)識(shí)別出單詞,，都要查手機(jī)字典，來(lái)聽(tīng)一遍聽(tīng)力,，并跟讀,，模仿語(yǔ)調(diào)和輕重讀音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcOsd4I80oaSsExCYAecvtgonmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAkYd6KyoosOe8xyaEycPumwn0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig8edugQyogYa8xmCTpcTKcgnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、國(guó)際音標(biāo),，一共48個(gè)，每天學(xué)4個(gè),，12天學(xué)完,，元音和輔音每天各學(xué)習(xí)兩個(gè)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kk6IdUSM0omgecxaQbkcSsZsnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、學(xué)完以后結(jié)合和音標(biāo)相關(guān)的單詞,，每天堅(jiān)持讀一個(gè)小時(shí)，第二天要把第一天的一塊兒讀,，第三天要把前兩天的一塊兒讀,，依次類(lèi)推，堅(jiān)持學(xué)完所有的音標(biāo),，就可以讀字典上任何一個(gè)單詞,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QG6sdm2M4o68ouxYDuzcFDxhn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持下去,，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)很多字母和音標(biāo)有著關(guān)聯(lián),，比如ph都發(fā)音標(biāo)f的音,，字母u發(fā)尖a的音，類(lèi)似的規(guī)律,，當(dāng)大家堅(jiān)持下來(lái)以后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多,，同時(shí)你甚至可以聽(tīng)到單詞的發(fā)音就能把單詞拼出來(lái)，直接就把背單詞的問(wèn)題解決了,，音標(biāo)會(huì)讀,，單詞會(huì)讀，單詞會(huì)背,，聽(tīng)力當(dāng)然也不再是問(wèn)題,。自己總結(jié)出來(lái)的規(guī)律說(shuō)明真的學(xué)會(huì)了，同時(shí)自己得出來(lái)的結(jié)論要比老師直接告訴你印象更深刻,，同時(shí)最重要的是用起來(lái)更容易,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Km8odoYG4omMG2xQjwvctwuOn8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XS6WduK8gocSyQxwpyYc32mDnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、了解發(fā)音要領(lǐng),，模仿老師口型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QaWwde6UQoWyyox8b3Yc0PnGngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)音,，一定要注意口型，并仔細(xì)揣摩每個(gè)音標(biāo)的發(fā)音要領(lǐng),，特別是相似音標(biāo)的發(fā)音區(qū)別,。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jii2diISEoMkQixoveicLaPdn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)員不要以為盯著老師的口型就好了，其實(shí)發(fā)音很多都是內(nèi)部器官看不到的,， 所以需要老師正確的發(fā)音示范,，跟著老師一起讀，然后再加上老師給的一些技巧,，繼續(xù)跟讀,，老師感覺(jué)哪有問(wèn)題，再幫著糾正,，這樣一系列過(guò)程才是練成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音的秘籍,。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pow0deEogocwqexqKJOchO9Qnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 單詞拼讀實(shí)戰(zhàn),，一對(duì)一糾正錯(cuò)誤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqAmdu0E4oWkkExaukOcf14rnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"養(yǎng)成一口純正口語(yǔ)最重要的還是練習(xí)練習(xí)再練習(xí),，單詞拼讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練，鞏固你的發(fā)音,。不斷讀,，不斷糾正，訓(xùn)練單個(gè)音標(biāo)到訓(xùn)練多個(gè)單詞,，在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)音的過(guò)程中,，再掌握一些基礎(chǔ)的詞匯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B0cyd2a4kowyACxM4E2cCki4nsi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、辯音練習(xí),，糾正錯(cuò)誤,，掌握發(fā)音規(guī)律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQWQdmkKmoYcqyxsrTAcvvH8nhy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"訓(xùn)練難度會(huì)隨著課程的深入不斷加強(qiáng)，但還是訓(xùn)練相同的內(nèi)容,，一節(jié)課很多類(lèi)似的訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容,。音標(biāo)中很多類(lèi)似的發(fā)音，將相似音放在一起對(duì)比再練習(xí),，舌頭和耳朵在這很重要,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyKYdA4oIoQC8exa2vjcYOc1nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4aGdqMEMoO2AGxkzAkcWRvAnHd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E