1. 廣柴6g26柴油機(jī)行書,，是一種書法統(tǒng)稱，分為行楷和行草兩種,。在楷書的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展,，是介于楷書、草書之間的一種字體,，是為了彌補(bǔ)楷書的書寫速度太慢和草書的難于辨認(rèn)而產(chǎn)生的,。"行"是"行走"的意思，因此它不像草書那樣潦草,，也不像楷書那樣端正,。 行書特點(diǎn) 行書作為一種有別于其他字體的獨(dú)立字體，自然在筆畫形態(tài),、用筆方法,、部首寫法以及結(jié)構(gòu)上都有其自身的一些特點(diǎn)。 行筆增速 行書的行筆增速是相對(duì)楷書而言的。行書在增速上,，不僅表現(xiàn)在筆畫與筆畫出現(xiàn)牽絲映帶,、以圓轉(zhuǎn)代替方折，還表現(xiàn)在筆順的改變和以簡(jiǎn)代繁甚至借用草書的一些寫法上等等,。但是在書寫時(shí)不能為了快而快,，造成筆筆相連如蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣。 筆畫線條多變 楷如立,，行如走,，行書的走體現(xiàn)在筆畫的流動(dòng)性而形成的動(dòng)感上。起筆多以露鋒起筆,，筆畫之間增加呼應(yīng)等,，下面僅從四個(gè)方便加以說明： 附筆連接 所謂附筆，就是一個(gè)字的原來筆畫順勢(shì)而出現(xiàn)的附加筆畫（比較細(xì),、比較虛）,。如點(diǎn)、橫畫與下面的筆畫銜接時(shí),，出現(xiàn)附鉤,；與上面的筆畫銜接時(shí)出現(xiàn)附挑；長(zhǎng)撇收筆處往往出現(xiàn)明顯的起鉤,，看上去與“鉤”沒有什么不同,，實(shí)際上是撇畫的附鉤。如圖： 這些附鉤,、附挑與上筆,、下筆連接的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系極為明顯，使筆畫脈絡(luò)相通,，活潑流暢,、動(dòng)感十足。但要注意,，這些附鉤,、附挑的出現(xiàn)，是行筆過程中起筆和收筆留下的自然痕跡,，不可有意去描摹追求,。否則會(huì)失去天然美。 以圓代方 行書的轉(zhuǎn)折筆畫,，方筆明顯減少,，而以圓代替方折，這是由于行筆增快的原因,。轉(zhuǎn)折處省略了提按的頓筆,，圓轉(zhuǎn)而過,，使筆畫圓潤(rùn)自然。如圖： 變直為弧 楷書要求橫平豎直,，而行書的橫豎由于行筆增快,，為了增強(qiáng)筆畫之間的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，長(zhǎng)橫和長(zhǎng)豎的寫法有的稍帶弧形,。如圖： 但不是所有的橫,、豎都作弧形，如中豎就要挺直,，即便是稍帶有弧形的筆畫,，也要有一定的力度，柔中見剛,。 以簡(jiǎn)代繁 楷書的筆畫各自獨(dú)立,，其筆畫數(shù)目嚴(yán)格遵循漢字規(guī)范，一個(gè)字由幾個(gè)筆畫就寫幾個(gè)筆畫,。寫行書時(shí),，為了書寫簡(jiǎn)便，往往將相鄰的筆畫連寫,，合并線條,，或?qū)瑫哪承┎课蛔隽撕?jiǎn)化，減少起,、收筆的次數(shù),。 楷書的鉤畫，在書寫行書時(shí),，多省略了起鉤,。如圖： 行書的基本筆畫點(diǎn)畫，可以代替橫,、豎,、撇,、捺筆畫,。如圖： 行書的部首在楷書的基礎(chǔ)上出現(xiàn)連筆，減少了筆畫數(shù),，使書寫更加方便,。如圖： 筆順變化 行書的筆順大部分遵循楷書筆順規(guī)則，但為了連寫便捷,，一篇字中有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些人們習(xí)慣使用的行草書字形,，有些字就改變了常規(guī)的筆畫順序。如圖（楷書6筆,，行書3筆）： 體勢(shì)變化 由于行書的筆畫較之楷書發(fā)生了一些變化,，其結(jié)果也隨著帶來了變化,。大體有以下幾種情況： 1、一個(gè)字有多種寫法 如“是”字下半部分,，“花”字的字頭,，寫得有放有縮，同中有異,，多樣而統(tǒng)一,，頗有趣味。如圖： 2.打破楷書端莊方正的束縛,，略帶攲斜,，自成新的體勢(shì) 如橫畫可以較大幅度上斜，筆畫的走向也可以略偏離原來楷書的軌道,。這就在不同程度上改變了楷書的體勢(shì),，使整篇字中的個(gè)體和群體都變得自由活潑了，避免了楷書的呆板,。如圖： 行書運(yùn)筆技巧 筆畫運(yùn)行 硬筆行書的基本筆畫,，在書寫時(shí)都有起筆、行筆,、收筆三個(gè)過程,。 所謂起筆，就是開始書寫筆畫筆尖觸紙時(shí)的下筆,；行筆,，就是書寫筆畫的中間運(yùn)筆；收筆,，就是筆畫書寫結(jié)束時(shí)的用筆,。如寫橫畫，左為起筆,，中為行筆,，右為收筆，等等,。起筆有輕有重,，行筆有快有慢，收筆有回有露,。例如： 提筆,、按筆 硬筆行書的用筆也講究提按，以增強(qiáng)筆畫的粗細(xì)變化和輕重的節(jié)奏,。所謂提筆,，就是筆從紙面提起，筆尖觸紙力度小,，筆畫要細(xì),；所謂按筆,，就是筆尖在紙上往下按，筆尖觸紙力度大,，筆畫要粗一些,。如圖： 翻筆、折筆 翻筆,，一般是向上取逆勢(shì),，上一筆接下一筆出現(xiàn)的鉤挑。如“古”字的橫,，“人”,、“有”的撇都是用翻筆寫成的。折筆,，一般是向下,、向右取順勢(shì)，如“口”字的橫折,、“山”字的豎折,，都是用這筆寫成的。不論翻筆,、折筆,，都要求用筆慢而有力。如圖： 側(cè)筆 側(cè)筆主要取字的姿態(tài),，筆畫的下筆處比較方折,，顯得剛勁有力。如“五,、方”等字的長(zhǎng)橫,，“永、廣”等字的側(cè)點(diǎn),，“志”字的中豎,，“個(gè)”字的斜撇等，都是側(cè)筆寫成的,。如圖： 澀筆 澀筆,，書寫時(shí)故意放慢行筆速度，認(rèn)為制造行筆阻力,。目的在于強(qiáng)調(diào)線條的質(zhì)感,，多用于豎鉤,、豎彎鉤等筆畫,。如圖： 游筆 游筆似行云流水，用筆流暢,、便捷,，多用于鉤畫字的輪廓,，以增加線條的流動(dòng)。如圖： 掠筆 掠筆也叫牽絲,，書寫時(shí)將筆輕提,，一帶而過。掠筆的作用是牽引筆畫,，加強(qiáng)上一筆畫與下一筆畫之間的聯(lián)系,。但要注意，掠筆使用要自然,，不能筆筆都用牽絲或人為地去描摹,。如圖： 疊筆 疊筆，就是在原來的行筆路線上重返進(jìn)行,。這種方法,，可以使局部筆畫變得豐潤(rùn)。需要注意的是重疊的距離不能過長(zhǎng),。如圖： 行書筆畫 基本筆畫 筆畫是構(gòu)成字的基本要素,，練習(xí)基本筆畫是書寫漢字的基本功訓(xùn)練。行書筆畫是在楷書筆畫的基礎(chǔ)上增加速度和流動(dòng)感,，有時(shí)可直接使用楷法,，有時(shí)增加牽絲，鉤挑或弧形筆畫,。 點(diǎn) 1,、帶勾點(diǎn)是由點(diǎn)帶出勾挑，如“不”字,，目的是牽引下一字,。寫法是先順勢(shì)寫長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，用筆要由輕而重,、由左而右,，勾時(shí)再用力頓一下，然后迅速向左下勾出,。帶勾點(diǎn)要有一定的彎勢(shì),，不能生硬僵直；線條要遭勁流利,，不能軟弱遲疑,。 2、帶下點(diǎn)是指上下兩點(diǎn)一筆帶下,，如“淤”（于）字,。寫法是落筆寫上點(diǎn)，用力頓一下,，再提筆寫下點(diǎn),，最后再用力頓一下,，迅速勾出。上點(diǎn)略側(cè),，下點(diǎn)稍平,，上下點(diǎn)之間，用一細(xì)細(xì)的牽絲相連,。使上下連貫,、粗細(xì)分明，有形態(tài),、有動(dòng)勢(shì),。 3、帶右點(diǎn)是由左點(diǎn)帶出右點(diǎn),，如“以”字,。寫法是用筆輕落重按先寫左點(diǎn)，然后提筆寫右點(diǎn),，略頓一下用力向右上趯出,，趯勾要短小。寫帶右點(diǎn)時(shí)左點(diǎn)要大右點(diǎn)要小,，如兩點(diǎn)差不多大,，就缺少變化。 4,、合二點(diǎn)是指左右兩點(diǎn)相呼相應(yīng),，如“六”字。寫法是輕落重按寫左點(diǎn),，然后用力向右上勾出,，再順著勾勢(shì)寫右點(diǎn)，最后用力向左下撇出,。合二點(diǎn)雖然中間沒有牽絲相連,，但要一氣呵成，左點(diǎn)與右點(diǎn)之間應(yīng)左高右低,，遙相呼應(yīng),。 橫 1、下勾橫是指橫畫下面帶勾,，如“然”字,。“然”字下面本來是四點(diǎn),，現(xiàn)改寫為一橫畫,，是采用了草書寫法。寫法是落筆略頓，再向右寫橫,，至末端用力折筆向左下勾出,。 2,、上挑橫是指橫畫上面帶挑,，如“古”字。寫法是在寫好一橫后,，再用力一頓翻筆上挑而出．上挑橫與下勾橫不同處是末端收筆的方向不一樣,，前者上挑，后者下勾,；上挑是為了順勢(shì)寫上畫,，下勾是為了開啟下筆。 豎 1,、懸針豎是指豎畫下面尖尖的如針倒懸,，如“半”字。寫法是落筆略頓,，接著由上而下,、由重而輕寫豎畫。懸針豎要如針垂直端懸,，不能東斜西倒,。 2、垂露豎是指豎畫下面不失如露水倒垂,，如“申”字,。寫法是落筆略頓，接著由上而下寫豎畫,，至末端再略頓一下,，回鋒收筆。垂露豎的兩端用筆重而中間用筆輕,，兩端書寫速度慢而中間書寫速度快,，豎中帶挺呈曲勢(shì)，如人挺立,，顯得精神飽滿,。 3、曲勾豎是指豎畫下端帶曲勾,，如“抑”字,。寫法是寫好一豎后，末端收筆時(shí)順勢(shì)向左下迅速勾出,。曲勾豎的豎中略帶曲勢(shì),，并非一味地端直。 4、仰勾豎是指豎畫下端帶仰勾,，如“隆”字,。寫法是落筆寫豎畫，至末端再用力向右上勾出,。,。仰勾豎與曲勾豎的差別是前者仰勾向上、由左而右,，后者曲勾向下,、由右而左；前者是承上筆,，后者是啟下畫,。 撇 1、回鋒撇是指撇畫下端回鋒向上,，如“化”字,。寫法是落筆稍重，隨著向左下寫撇,，至撇尾再回鋒向上收筆,。因?yàn)槠参不劁h收筆，并非出鋒收筆,。所以撇尾不失而圓,。 2、挑腳撇是指撇畫下端挑腳向上,，如“今”字,。寫法與回鋒撇同，只是收筆時(shí)挑腳而出呈勾狀,。一般說,，回鋒撇往往是撇后寫豎，筆勢(shì)角度小,，挑腳撇往往是撇后寫捺,，筆勢(shì)角度大。 3,、斜撇斜撇是楷書寫法,，撇端尖尖的，如“余”字,。寫法是落筆稍重,，然后逐漸提筆向左下撇出，撇時(shí)要輕靈不要遲疑,，而且力要送到撇尖,。 4,、平撇平撇在字頭，短小而平,，如“重”字,。寫法是落筆重，略頓,，隨后提筆迅速撇出,。平撇的形態(tài)有點(diǎn)象鳥啄，短小尖銳,。 捺 1,、斜捺是指捺畫斜而長(zhǎng),，如“秦”字,。斜捺在漢字中往往與斜撇相配，如同人的左右手,。寫法是順著撇勢(shì)輕落筆,，略橫行，接著轉(zhuǎn)筆向右下方寫,。捺時(shí)要稍用力,，隨即向右平捺出。斜捺的形態(tài)是一波三折,，故又稱“波畫”,。 2、回鋒捺是指斜捺的捺腳收筆處不是出鋒而是回鋒,，如“天”字,。寫法與斜捺同，只是最后回鋒收筆,，露出下尖勾,，目的是為了書寫下一字。 3,、反捺是從斜捺,、回鋒捺變化而來，如“木”字,。寫法是輕落筆,，觸紙后徐徐用力向右下行筆，然后用力向左下勾出,。 4,、圓曲捺是指游水捺的三彎處圓曲如環(huán)。寫法是先落筆寫一點(diǎn),，接著順勢(shì)寫一豎,，再提筆向右拐彎，然后回鋒或藏鋒收筆。寫回曲捺要注意兩點(diǎn),，一是拐彎要圓曲不能生硬,，二是捺尾要圓渾不能尖利。 5,、平捺在字的下面起托的作用,，因比字頭或字中的斜捺角度較小波畫較平而名之，如“之”字,。寫法是回鋒落筆,，略橫，隨著向右下用筆,，然后用力平平捺出,。平捺與斜捺一樣，形態(tài)是一波三折,，有一種流動(dòng)的勢(shì)態(tài),。 6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺腳上挑,，如“超”字,。寫法是寫好平捺后，捺腳不平出,，而是順勢(shì)上挑成勾狀,，目的是為了便于寫“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其實(shí)是在平捺快寫后順著筆勢(shì)自然形成的一種寫法,，不可勉強(qiáng)為之,。 挑 1、短挑是挑畫的一種,，線條短小,，如“地”字。短挑在行書中是承著其他點(diǎn)畫書寫而出,，短小精銳,，恰似一把短劍。寫法是落筆后略頓,，隨即逐漸提筆用力挑出,。 2、撇折挑是指撇和挑連寫,，如“?！弊帧懛ㄊ窍葘懸黄?，然后折筆用力向右上迅速挑出,，撇折挑要注意折處,，書寫時(shí)點(diǎn)畫務(wù)必交待清楚，不能含含糊糊,，拖泥帶水,。 勾 1、蟹爪勾是指豎勾屈曲似蟹爪,，如“寺”字,。寫法是先寫豎畫，然后轉(zhuǎn)筆向左行筆,，再翻筆向上勾出,。蟹爪勾是豎勾的變化寫法，形態(tài)優(yōu)美,、線條雄健,、氣勢(shì)酣暢。 2,、戈勾即戈字勾,，如“戊”字,。寫法是側(cè)鋒落筆,，然后縱筆而下，勾時(shí)用力翻筆向上勾出,。戈畫平中帶弧有韌勁,，剛中含柔見縱勢(shì)。 3,、背拋勾是指從背面反拋勾出,，如“夙”字。寫法是順勢(shì)寫上橫畫,，拐彎時(shí)折筆而下,，然后宛轉(zhuǎn)提筆寫下彎畫，再翻筆向左上勾出,。背拋勾轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角處不能生硬有棱角,，勾尖要向內(nèi)，對(duì)著字心首畫,。 4,、浮鵝勾因形同白鵝浮綠水而名，如“毛”字,。寫法是落筆稍重,，接著用筆向下寫直畫，隨即提筆拐彎寫橫,，最后翻筆向上勾出,。浮鵝勾要鵝頭高昂,，鵝身平正，方正中呈圓勢(shì),，態(tài)度雍容大方,，氣宇軒昂不幾。 5,、回鋒勾如同回鋒捺是斜捺的快寫形式一樣,，回鋒勾是浮鵝勾的快寫形式，如“也”字,。寫法是順勢(shì)寫豎橫圓曲折,，然后翻筆由上繞一小圈向下勾出?；劁h勾與浮鵝勾的不同處除了勾的形式和方向不一樣外,，是回鋒勾的豎橫向內(nèi)圓曲而浮鵝勾的豎橫向外開拓。向內(nèi)圓曲的比較宛轉(zhuǎn)流利,，向外開拓的比較雄健挺拔,。 折 1、橫勾折是指橫畫加折勾,，如“罪”字,。寫法是落筆先寫橫畫，折時(shí)稍用力向左下方勾出,。橫勾折不僅要橫與勾的筆畫分明,，而且轉(zhuǎn)折要自然有力。 2,、豎勾折是指豎畫加折勾,，如“問”字。寫法是先寫豎畫,，要心胸挺起,，折時(shí)不妨筆略提起，再頓下去,，然后迅速向左上勾出,。 3、曲折在行書中用得很多,，凡是撇捺連續(xù)快寫都成曲折,，如“根”字。寫法是落筆寫撇畫,，接著向右折筆,，再隨即向下勾。曲折形似閃電,，富于動(dòng)態(tài),。 4,、撇捺折是撇捺的連寫，但書寫較工整,，如“衣”字,。寫法是落筆稍重，再逐漸提筆寫撇,，然后回鋒向右下方寫反捺,，即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接處要連寫,，要有折的風(fēng)味,。 5、三彎折是指三彎折曲折成三彎,，如“乃”字,。寫法是先落筆寫橫，再折筆寫彎,，接著順勢(shì)向下彎出,。三彎折要折而有韌勁，彎曲自然舒展,。 6,、內(nèi)勾折是由橫撇折的外勾變?yōu)閮?nèi)勾，如“序”字,。寫法是寫好橫畫后,，接著翻筆寫撇，撇要成內(nèi)包勢(shì),，隨即趁勢(shì)向右上勾出。 7,、鵝勾折是浮鵝勾的快速簡(jiǎn)便寫法,，如“光”字。寫法是依勢(shì)落筆寫短斜豎,，隨即折筆向右上勾出,。鵝勾折的折處要圓潤(rùn)遒麗，用筆要流暢明凈,。 行書偏旁 行書偏旁一定要根據(jù)與其所搭配的單體的長(zhǎng)短,、肥瘦,大小不同而有所變化，不能千篇一律,。此外,，部首一定要與其所搭配的單體互相呼應(yīng)。呼應(yīng)的方法,，或者借助于楷書用意連,，或者借助于草書用形連,。形連時(shí)要注意既要靠牽絲，又要靠筆勢(shì),，過多地使用牽絲,，如果形連勢(shì)不能連，整個(gè)字仍是盤散沙,。 食字旁 側(cè)鋒落筆寫撇,，隨即回鋒寫橫勾折，接著順勢(shì)寫豎仰勾,。整個(gè)食字旁線條清楚勻稱,，是一筆寫成。 衣字旁 首點(diǎn)向左下帶出一點(diǎn)以呼應(yīng)下一筆,，撇點(diǎn)用撇提代替,，改變示字旁的書寫順序。 弓字旁 先落筆寫橫折,，再翻筆寫橫折勾,。弓字旁的弓須一氣呵成，不能用兩筆或三筆寫成,。 蟲字旁 落筆寫短斜豎,，再順勢(shì)寫橫豎折，接著回鋒寫下橫,，然后翻筆向上寫豎折挑,，為了便于書寫，行書蟲字旁的一點(diǎn)往往省掉,。 馬字旁 落筆寫出折勾,，再回筆寫豎橫折勾，最后順勢(shì)寫下橫,。下橫一般寫成挑畫,，以便書寫右面點(diǎn)畫。 頁字旁 頁字旁主要是在右部,。其第一橫要稍長(zhǎng),，抗肩，中間用小撇畫,，不要太長(zhǎng),，撇畫的起筆位置稍靠左，第二個(gè)撇畫的彎度較大一些,，但不要寫的太長(zhǎng),，最后撇畫帶出小鉤，呼應(yīng)最后一點(diǎn),。 舌字旁 首先平撇要短,，角度稍平,，豎寫短，橫可稍長(zhǎng),，但口字要寫小,。所以偏旁整體要小。 田字旁 田字旁也是寫小,，且整體稍向右上斜,。 行書章法 行書是介于楷書和草書之間的書體，是日常生活書寫中最常用最流行的書體,。尤以鋼筆行書為最,。行書筆畫、結(jié)構(gòu)有一定的伸縮性,，形態(tài)又多變化,，豐富奇彩、意到筆隨,，可塑性大,，利于發(fā)揮藝術(shù)效果，實(shí)用價(jià)值更是超過其它書體,。一副得意之作,，通篇結(jié)構(gòu)，引領(lǐng)管帶,，首尾呼應(yīng),，一氣呵成，各盡意志,，氣適流動(dòng),，起伏隨勢(shì)，巧布虛陳,，寄情寓意,，無不淋漓盡致，酣暢爽快,，令人賞心悅目。這些都說明章法在行書創(chuàng)作中顯得尤為重要,。 章法特點(diǎn) 行書由于筆畫,、結(jié)構(gòu)變化較大，形體各異,，加之書寫風(fēng)格不同,，因而即使同一字也會(huì)出現(xiàn)多種形態(tài)，有肥瘦,、長(zhǎng)短,、方圓,、雄渾、挺撥,、俊秀等差別,。正是這些差別，使行書作品千姿百態(tài),，異彩紛呈,，構(gòu)成了不同的氣韻的章法。因此,，行書的謀篇布局較楷書要靈活得多,，具有如下特點(diǎn)： 筆勢(shì)多取縱勢(shì) 由于行書筆畫活潑流動(dòng)，筆畫之間有牽縱行帶,，前字的末筆與后字的首筆連帶密切,，如取縱勢(shì)，更顯得如行云流水,，氣韻貫通,，給人以一氣呵成之勢(shì)。 疏密變化自如 行書除筆畫,、結(jié)構(gòu)有疏密變化外,，在整體布局中通過改變字形的大小、長(zhǎng)短,、字態(tài)的肥瘦,、俯仰，能自由地調(diào)整疏密位置與布白,，達(dá)到疏密得當(dāng),，布白奇妙的效果。 參差錯(cuò)落有致 行書不僅僅筆畫,、結(jié)體各部分及字與字之間有參差變化外,，而且行與行之間及通篇亦有錯(cuò)落變化，這樣,，整體布局顯得活潑靈動(dòng),，妙趣橫生。 行氣直抒胸臆 由于行書書寫速度較快,，行筆之時(shí)情法于中,、筆情交融，最能直接表達(dá)書者的情感,，增加作品的感染力,。 謀篇技巧 以動(dòng)為主 楷書的章法以靜為主要特征，給人以平和穩(wěn)定、一絲不茍,、不激不厲和端正嚴(yán)肅的感覺,；行書章法則以動(dòng)為主要特征，給人以生動(dòng)飄逸和富有生命活力的感覺,。 前人出書法要“師造化”,，凡在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中能見到的動(dòng)作姿態(tài)，都可借鑒到行,、草書中去,，以增強(qiáng)行書作品的動(dòng)感，豐富其內(nèi)涵和底蘊(yùn),。多欣賞和臨寫古今行書大家作品,，也是培養(yǎng)書寫動(dòng)感的有效途徑。我們不能用楷書的結(jié)體和章法來寫行書,，這樣會(huì)使作品顯得沉快無生氣,。 雖然行書強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)感，但并不是隨意為之,、不要法度,，它仍要遵循一定的規(guī)律，以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求靈變,，避免過于放縱,。 以不齊求齊 楷書要求字的上下左右間隔勻稱，排列整齊,，以工整規(guī)范為美,。行書則要求字形有大小，間隔有疏密排列,，有錯(cuò)落變化,，以局部的不整齊求得整體的平衡、穩(wěn)定和齊整,，以變化為美,。一幅好的行書作品，初看起來一行一行排列得很整齊,，行與行之間的距離也相等,，一氣呵成，渾然一體,，氣韻生動(dòng),，但細(xì)看起來，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),，字與字并不對(duì)齊，有的偏左，有的偏右,，左右動(dòng)蕩不寫,，行與行之間的距離也不相等，有的緊,，有的松,，沒有定則，即所謂的“行書無寫法”,，需要我們多實(shí)踐,、多體會(huì)。 具有節(jié)奏變化 一幅好的行書作品,，就象一首抒情的歌曲,，時(shí)而婉轉(zhuǎn)平和，時(shí)而高亢豪邁,，時(shí)而如行云流水,，時(shí)而如電閃雷鳴，幾經(jīng)曲折,，波瀾起伏,。這些都是書者書寫時(shí)情感的自然渲泄，這種渲瀉是有節(jié)奏的,，體現(xiàn)了行書作品的節(jié)奏美,。 前后呼應(yīng) 行書作品最注重首字，應(yīng)靜心寫好文稿第一字,，以統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全篇,。要使行書的章法顯得嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而又富于變化，一定要注意前后呼應(yīng)關(guān)系,，要意在筆先,，事先考慮好前后字的銜接問題。 書寫姿勢(shì) 坐姿 正確的書寫姿勢(shì)不只是為了好看,，還可以使書寫技能得到充分,、有效地發(fā)揮，有助于書寫者的身心健康,。書寫姿勢(shì)同時(shí)也反映出書寫者的修養(yǎng),，只有身正才會(huì)字正。正確的姿勢(shì)應(yīng)是頭正,、身直,、肩平、胸舒,、臂開,、足安,。 1、頭部端正：頭要居中,，稍向前下方俯視,，眼睛與紙面一尺距離，不可俯得太低,，也不可左偏,、右斜。 2,、身直肩平：臀部平坐于椅子中間大部,，不能扭向一邊，兩肩平齊,，上身不彎曲,，使上身重心安穩(wěn)。 3,、臂開胸舒：兩臂自然開張,，兩肘平放桌面，保持一線,，腹背挺直,，胸口與桌沿保持一拳距離，使呼吸順暢,。 4,、腿開足安：兩腿分開，與肩同寬,，自然下垂,，內(nèi)側(cè)保持平行，兩腳平放地上,，使全身平衡,。正確的書寫姿勢(shì)，才能使字寫得端正,，重心平衡,。同時(shí)，正確的姿勢(shì)也會(huì)給人的身體帶來益處,。 握姿 執(zhí)筆方法不正確,，不但妨礙書寫姿勢(shì)，影響書寫質(zhì)量,，還會(huì)給書寫者身心健康帶來危害,，不可忽視。根據(jù)筆的自身特點(diǎn),，硬筆是三指執(zhí)筆法,，斜拿,。 正確的執(zhí)筆方法： ①用拇指、食指,、中指三個(gè)指頭捏住筆桿（三指處于同一平面）,； ②指尖距筆尖約2.5cm~3cm（兩指左右）； ③所有指關(guān)節(jié)都向外彎,； ④筆桿位于食指的根部（如下圖）。 同時(shí),，還要做到： ①指實(shí)：拇指,、食指、中指來自三方的力量,，處在與筆桿垂直的同一圓角上,，將筆桿夾牢，松緊適度,。 ②掌虛：無名指和小指緊隨中指下部依次靠攏,，并向掌心彎曲、虛握,。小指的整個(gè)底部形成一個(gè)環(huán)形底座,，虛貼桌面。 ③桿斜：筆桿向右后方傾斜,，緊靠在食指第三關(guān)節(jié)與虎口方向,，與桌面呈45°角。如果寫較大的字,，手指向前伸直,，筆桿與紙面角度減小,；書寫較小的字手指向掌心收縮,，筆桿與紙面角度大，宜于精離細(xì)琢,。 工具 選筆 鋼筆 鋼筆的地位在硬筆練字中處于不可撼動(dòng)的地位,，較強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)力可以反映出毛筆的效果。適合練字的鋼筆,，日筆應(yīng)該比歐筆更適合一些,。推薦白金3776，百樂78G,，寫樂21K等,。 關(guān)于練習(xí)鋼筆的選擇，我們可以遵從以下原則： （1）不使用美工筆,。美工筆不利于穩(wěn)定練習(xí),； （2）不使用寫起來不適的鋼筆,。比如出現(xiàn)堵筆、洇墨,、摩阻過大等問題,； （3）不使用過貴的鋼筆。在成本練字的過程相對(duì)耗筆,，盡量做到成本控制,，貴的筆對(duì)練字本身沒有太實(shí)質(zhì)性的幫助。 中性筆 中性筆有穩(wěn)定,、表現(xiàn)力強(qiáng),、便宜、便捷,、書寫舒適等優(yōu)點(diǎn),，是一種相對(duì)完美的筆。不止在此次行楷練習(xí)試驗(yàn)中,，日常生活中,，大多數(shù)人更愿意使用0.5中性筆。 推薦適合練字的中性筆 1,、國(guó)產(chǎn)中性筆寶克PC-1168,，這款筆無論從握持手感、出水流暢度,、品控還是書寫感受方面,，都屬于第一梯隊(duì)的，一點(diǎn)也不比那些昂貴的進(jìn)口中性筆差,。 2,、百樂P700和P500，其實(shí)就是0.7和0.5,，筆感超級(jí)順滑,，而且出水不多不少，非常好寫,，這么出名是有原因的,。可能看不出來,，但0.5確實(shí)比0.7的更細(xì),。練字推薦用0.7，0.5的可以日常用,。 中性筆的挑選可以遵從如下原則： （1）書寫流度,，筆觸順骨，筆畫飽滿,，墨色均勻,； （2）握筆舒適度,，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間書寫不會(huì)有過于明顯累手、壓迫感,； （3）墨干燥速度,，書寫時(shí)不會(huì)被譜黑就行。 其他筆 除了鋼筆和中性筆,，其他筆類都可以進(jìn)行練字,。種類繁多，最為常見的有鉛筆,，圓珠筆等,。不一定局限于某種筆。 紙張 練習(xí)紙種類繁多,，常見的有回宮格、米字格,、田字格,、空白格、橫線格,、豎線格等等,，練習(xí)紙的選擇也需依據(jù)自己的基礎(chǔ)，初學(xué)盡量選擇輔助線多的回宮格,、米字格等,，隨著階段的變化，練習(xí)紙也應(yīng)該有所改變以減少輔助,，達(dá)到科學(xué)練習(xí)的目的,。按時(shí)間順序，不止使用了米字格紙,、田字格紙,、空白格紙、橫線紙,、豎線紙,、白紙。 重點(diǎn)：從脫離米字格到白紙,，練字整個(gè)過程都貫穿著田字格紙的鞏固練習(xí),，不屬于完全轉(zhuǎn)換狀態(tài)。 另外,，有以下幾個(gè)點(diǎn)可以注意： （1）當(dāng)沒有問題的筆墨寫在紙上產(chǎn)生洇墨,、阻力大等類問題，建議換紙,。 （2）不要使用線格過小的紙,，選擇寫起來有種自然舒適狀態(tài)的紙,。 （3）不要刻意追求“好”紙，硬筆行書的練習(xí)對(duì)紙的要求較低,。 字帖 如果基礎(chǔ)比較差,，或者追求沒那么高，可以從現(xiàn)代字帖練,，比較容易上手,。如果想追求書法或者有一定基礎(chǔ)，那么就要多臨摹古帖了,。硬筆臨摹古帖,，初學(xué)以趙孟頫行楷《妙嚴(yán)寺》、《膽巴碑》過度,，再以《赤壁賦》,、《吳興賦》入手，然后可以臨文征明等二王一路的帖,?；蛘咧苯右岳铉摺斗ㄈA寺》入手。以上字帖,，要下大功夫臨摹,，專注一本，長(zhǎng)期熏修,，悟到行書精髓,，然后可以遍臨諸家。 推薦字帖 1,、田英章的字帖 田英章的硬筆字,，剛中帶柔，舒展灑脫,。 以下是田英章老師的一些作品： 2,、李放鳴字帖 李放鳴字的風(fēng)格與田英章老師較為相近。其書法字帖因選材獨(dú)特,、版式新穎,、印刷精美，被許多學(xué)校作為指定書法教材,，在全國(guó)首屆硬筆書法系列評(píng)比中獲書家組“十佳字帖”獎(jiǎng),， 以下是李放鳴老師的一些作品： 3、司馬彥行書 司馬彥的行書相當(dāng)棒特別適合初學(xué)者臨習(xí),，臨他的字帖其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是不容易走偏而且有利于將來的發(fā)展是國(guó)內(nèi)目前少有的即有名氣又有實(shí)力的書法家,，他的行書字帖是國(guó)內(nèi)許多院校硬筆行書的必修課。 書寫注意的問題 鋼筆行書的幅式有中堂條幅、條屏,、對(duì)聯(lián),、橫幅、長(zhǎng)卷,、扇面等幅式,。 鋼筆行書函文的書寫形式，也有豎寫和橫寫兩種方式,。常用的排列方式,，與楷書大體接近。一般用單線稿紙或無格紙書寫較多,，方格紙用得較少,。 鋼筆行書的落款，款文要用本體或行草書寫,，款文字形要小于正文,，鈐印的印章寧少勿多，1-2方足矣,。印章的大小,，應(yīng)等于或略大于款文，但不得大于正文,。鈐印位置要與正文相呼應(yīng)，起到活躍布局,、平衡作品的作用,。 (一)要以楷書為基礎(chǔ)，在結(jié)構(gòu)和用筆兩方面練好扎實(shí)的基本功,。行書的用筆和結(jié)構(gòu)雖然較楷書有所變化,，但還沒有達(dá)到草書“解散楷體”的程度。因此,，學(xué)習(xí)行書必須要具備一定的楷書基礎(chǔ),。 (二)要重視臨摹。行書雖然承襲楷書,，但筆畫,、部首和結(jié)體都發(fā)生了一些規(guī)律性的變化。這些規(guī)律性的變化,、寫法,，就要通過臨摹去掌握，而不能隨心所欲,。 (三)不宜過分強(qiáng)調(diào)和濫用行書的用筆特點(diǎn),。前面講了行書諸多特點(diǎn)，在書寫中適當(dāng)運(yùn)用能給字增色,，但如果過分追求和濫用某一方面的特點(diǎn),，就會(huì)走向反面,。如，筆筆相連,，就會(huì)造成圈眼密布而形同蛛網(wǎng),。 (四)學(xué)習(xí)行書宜從部首開始。行書在長(zhǎng)期使用過程中形成了一些約定俗成的寫法,，熟悉和掌握這些部首的寫法,，就能了解行書的造形規(guī)律，收到舉一反三之效,。 堅(jiān)持練字 當(dāng)我們學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)新技能,，堅(jiān)持這件事無疑是學(xué)習(xí)過程中最重要的事，也是最難做到的事,，練字也是這樣,。 想要堅(jiān)持就得有大的決心，然后培養(yǎng)出習(xí)慣,，并且能體會(huì)到練字給自己帶來的樂趣,。在堅(jiān)持的過程中，能夠得到來自別人和自己的肯定,。 所以,，不妨列一個(gè)計(jì)劃，樹立一個(gè)可以達(dá)到的目標(biāo),。前期的目標(biāo)不能追求質(zhì)的改變,，需要做量的積累。例如,，我要臨寫琴賦,，我每周要認(rèn)真的練10個(gè)字。我第一天可以通臨一遍,，我第三十天的時(shí)候再通臨一遍,。可以做一次比較,。如果認(rèn)真練,，一個(gè)月，成果還是能激勵(lì)到自己的,。 %3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書,，是一種書法統(tǒng)稱，分為行楷和行草兩種,。在楷書的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展,，是介于楷書、草書之間的一種字體，是為了彌補(bǔ)楷書的書寫速度太慢和草書的難于辨認(rèn)而產(chǎn)生的,。\"行\(zhòng)"是\"行走\(yùn)"的意思,，因此它不像草書那樣潦草，也不像楷書那樣端正,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYooE6s02q6YwaIX4hu9uoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書特點(diǎn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmOEs00igwWECGZNmciYhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書作為一種有別于其他字體的獨(dú)立字體,，自然在筆畫形態(tài)、用筆方法,、部首寫法以及結(jié)構(gòu)上都有其自身的一些特點(diǎn),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkAmU6qiK4i8Qv6BxHNrRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行筆增速","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw6GEi4esci8uQI1iR5Lh6N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書的行筆增速是相對(duì)楷書而言的。行書在增速上,，不僅表現(xiàn)在筆畫與筆畫出現(xiàn)牽絲映帶,、以圓轉(zhuǎn)代替方折，還表現(xiàn)在筆順的改變和以簡(jiǎn)代繁甚至借用草書的一些寫法上等等,。但是在書寫時(shí)不能為了快而快,，造成筆筆相連如蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4A2qasEiuWUYkZ1dqB2YKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"筆畫線條多變","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAC0IEe8smUMWUNkE65pqFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷如立,，行如走,，行書的走體現(xiàn)在筆畫的流動(dòng)性而形成的動(dòng)感上。起筆多以露鋒起筆,，筆畫之間增加呼應(yīng)等,，下面僅從四個(gè)方便加以說明：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmo2EUA2QyQYQOpRuAKjWVN"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"附筆連接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKO8U08cWWeECqYPIfYOYFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂附筆，就是一個(gè)字的原來筆畫順勢(shì)而出現(xiàn)的附加筆畫（比較細(xì),、比較虛）,。如點(diǎn)、橫畫與下面的筆畫銜接時(shí),，出現(xiàn)附鉤；與上面的筆畫銜接時(shí)出現(xiàn)附挑,；長(zhǎng)撇收筆處往往出現(xiàn)明顯的起鉤,，看上去與“鉤”沒有什么不同，實(shí)際上是撇畫的附鉤,。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng40Ayk4sOochdaUkUaDoRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"附筆連接","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca8f277af0b489aac734555f6636835","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcne4MYO0e0MSEOaqWW5DscEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這些附鉤,、附挑與上筆、下筆連接的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系極為明顯,，使筆畫脈絡(luò)相通,，活潑流暢、動(dòng)感十足。但要注意，這些附鉤,、附挑的出現(xiàn),，是行筆過程中起筆和收筆留下的自然痕跡,，不可有意去描摹追求,。否則會(huì)失去天然美,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQosAsCSGaCgIWgLBtZK6cf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圓代方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke0eqiaMQIEkckKTrA1cjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書的轉(zhuǎn)折筆畫,，方筆明顯減少,，而以圓代替方折,，這是由于行筆增快的原因。轉(zhuǎn)折處省略了提按的頓筆,，圓轉(zhuǎn)而過,，使筆畫圓潤(rùn)自然。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIigaa6YeQ0cqQPyA7Bwrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以圓代方","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa22bfea6aca41b7a9421e6071527ebe","width":595},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw6iMMO06ssymyB1twoYmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"變直為弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00YcUQm8uSGQuGKq3NljJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷書要求橫平豎直,，而行書的橫豎由于行筆增快,，為了增強(qiáng)筆畫之間的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，長(zhǎng)橫和長(zhǎng)豎的寫法有的稍帶弧形,。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKskOi0sY4KGakHWIsQk3z"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"變直為弧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15c909205ef94238b967205ddc025d52","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqo4eSEKUUwSwTXTYrUHic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但不是所有的橫,、豎都作弧形，如中豎就要挺直,，即便是稍帶有弧形的筆畫,，也要有一定的力度，柔中見剛,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYi0UGKweOYA4KkT58rn5T2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以簡(jiǎn)代繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiaEmcsGagIm4OSsc9z8bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷書的筆畫各自獨(dú)立,，其筆畫數(shù)目嚴(yán)格遵循漢字規(guī)范，一個(gè)字由幾個(gè)筆畫就寫幾個(gè)筆畫,。寫行書時(shí),，為了書寫簡(jiǎn)便，往往將相鄰的筆畫連寫,，合并線條,，或?qū)瑫哪承┎课蛔隽撕?jiǎn)化，減少起,、收筆的次數(shù),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQQsMgoM2A402yVHiHyPUv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷書的鉤畫，在書寫行書時(shí),，多省略了起鉤,。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eyqgoGoem08SsWngD7f3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":98,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以簡(jiǎn)代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b354150271a34825903868d3d515d728","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6KygmS0QoOUwjHQ8geBXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書的基本筆畫點(diǎn)畫，可以代替橫,、豎,、撇、捺筆畫,。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYOkwSwUuW4YMRE6knAXNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以簡(jiǎn)代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f6f6b0635a4c848a1d6491f4eeb70a","width":610},"text":"","id":"doxcnaoEGQ0IMI62yuwFnncnP1u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書的部首在楷書的基礎(chǔ)上出現(xiàn)連筆,，減少了筆畫數(shù),，使書寫更加方便。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8CEO06kGaGiWK2FYjnhIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":131,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以簡(jiǎn)代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa6fa9722874a839bae5d58753edc10","width":624},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOuGiIi2ySsEamQ4uXeCXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"筆順變化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWYccUaQYoYwYVjno6mVFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書的筆順大部分遵循楷書筆順規(guī)則,，但為了連寫便捷,，一篇字中有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些人們習(xí)慣使用的行草書字形，有些字就改變了常規(guī)的筆畫順序,。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如圖","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（楷書6筆,，行書3筆）：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYCYuqeCYaI683GEkwio1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":101,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筆順變化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b163d5ef32144a4388b912e4dcc2c57e","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnYQsY0AQiQM60SIwbqdCQZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"體勢(shì)變化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8ekquqcSwW6gc1HfDZZy7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行書的筆畫較之楷書發(fā)生了一些變化，其結(jié)果也隨著帶來了變化,。大體有以下幾種情況：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcayiScyO4ksEpwQUWCpCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、一個(gè)字有多種寫法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SE0GGqO0UeUiIHM8D5oDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“是”字下半部分，“花”字的字頭,，寫得有放有縮,，同中有異，多樣而統(tǒng)一,，頗有趣味,。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIYGeI42OG8QGOOxMNGnTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"體勢(shì)變化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37c1e6c1bcdb490580c87e506e958ee2","width":483},"text":"","id":"doxcnQyEiqUKeqUyo8LDxLzsHJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.打破楷書端莊方正的束縛，略帶攲斜,，自成新的體勢(shì)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekuEeAGmUas0eW6kEGNm5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如橫畫可以較大幅度上斜,，筆畫的走向也可以略偏離原來楷書的軌道。這就在不同程度上改變了楷書的體勢(shì),，使整篇字中的個(gè)體和群體都變得自由活潑了,，避免了楷書的呆板。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqUEEeswYSKAARJKgVX2Ff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"體勢(shì)變化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5d537a662744315aca01acc06fbc9a9","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6GK8OwqqoCqkpbuAXc8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書運(yùn)筆技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn286meS28OAIS2SImTeo2kb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"筆畫運(yùn)行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66mcsMAg8ME2uClYQvkzCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬筆行書的基本筆畫,，在書寫時(shí)都有起筆,、行筆、收筆三個(gè)過程,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oiwWqqI0W6K0ceOnst56d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂起筆,，就是開始書寫筆畫筆尖觸紙時(shí)的下筆；行筆,，就是書寫筆畫的中間運(yùn)筆,；收筆，就是筆畫書寫結(jié)束時(shí)的用筆,。如寫橫畫，左為起筆,，中為行筆,，右為收筆，等等,。起筆有輕有重,，行筆有快有慢,，收筆有回有露。例如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAEsqoQ4iqSyIt9czBdsYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":117,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筆畫運(yùn)行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26620f385ccb48549b0d42af46ee8148","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnu0I8C6QSkQu6wC8uxXsIXY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提筆,、按筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKMO0aw0YYycCmpOuXS0uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬筆行書的用筆也講究提按,，以增強(qiáng)筆畫的粗細(xì)變化和輕重的節(jié)奏。所謂提筆,，就是筆從紙面提起,，筆尖觸紙力度小，筆畫要細(xì),；所謂按筆,，就是筆尖在紙上往下按，筆尖觸紙力度大,，筆畫要粗一些,。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUQUQyqSI20yqa7sL7G9oS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提筆、按筆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/771a46a498b94d1dbfce1dafd2b27352","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnekasEsoeoe4mu0Nonrjcle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻筆,、折筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwSKqK2EUKaIOcl4UC3Ewf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻筆,，一般是向上取逆勢(shì)，上一筆接下一筆出現(xiàn)的鉤挑,。如“古”字的橫，“人”,、“有”的撇都是用翻筆寫成的,。折筆，一般是向下,、向右取順勢(shì),，如“口”字的橫折、“山”字的豎折,，都是用這筆寫成的,。不論翻筆,、折筆,，都要求用筆慢而有力。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyu6isAmOi4mGTUsHEOHMyl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翻筆,、折筆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376c3e54379a4f8da1fdcdac2c9ec6d1","width":604},"text":"","id":"doxcn8mko4OE4Isik4sE9kDYhOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"側(cè)筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUSKSkE6ecGYOyGakZ6Ece"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"側(cè)筆主要取字的姿態(tài),，筆畫的下筆處比較方折,，顯得剛勁有力,。如“五、方”等字的長(zhǎng)橫,，“永、廣”等字的側(cè)點(diǎn),，“志”字的中豎,，“個(gè)”字的斜撇等，都是側(cè)筆寫成的,。如圖：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnickAgMqO4cSeqQWjFp2fOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"側(cè)筆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34052b9680c943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字中往往與斜撇相配，如同人的左右手,。寫法是順著撇勢(shì)輕落筆,，略橫行，接著轉(zhuǎn)筆向右下方寫,。捺時(shí)要稍用力,，隨即向右平捺出。斜捺的形態(tài)是一波三折,，故又稱“波畫”,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8wcu6CoSyWUuC7luiH6Ef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b41bf4bb4a04cb08ea51f452a2a3b19","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnY2cuQQ2MYwSSecUkPVdJtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、回鋒捺是指斜捺的捺腳收筆處不是出鋒而是回鋒，如“天”字,。寫法與斜捺同,，只是最后回鋒收筆，露出下尖勾,，目的是為了書寫下一字,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00Uo80MmSWQ8Yziod0jWig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a78f1707e64d4cc3ac5eef8944cd7182","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnkWSUUAcqKsAcMHBwADjOIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、反捺是從斜捺,、回鋒捺變化而來,，如“木”字。寫法是輕落筆,，觸紙后徐徐用力向右下行筆,，然后用力向左下勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyoUMMs0KMq4IQTiqai28Xd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adb55180b44f46478a9116adde068b3f","width":101},"text":"","id":"doxcnA48ssUU6AQCWmyJoiZstcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4,、圓曲捺是指游水捺的三彎處圓曲如環(huán)。寫法是先落筆寫一點(diǎn),，接著順勢(shì)寫一豎,，再提筆向右拐彎，然后回鋒或藏鋒收筆,。寫回曲捺要注意兩點(diǎn),，一是拐彎要圓曲不能生硬，二是捺尾要圓渾不能尖利,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0i8ywawgaaaU53p6qQ18b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/605d4619a61e49c7961302bbc8590a49","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnEGQK8oGi28I62ym38KMdWq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5,、平捺在字的下面起托的作用，因比字頭或字中的斜捺角度較小波畫較平而名之,，如“之”字,。寫法是回鋒落筆，略橫,，隨著向右下用筆,，然后用力平平捺出。平捺與斜捺一樣,，形態(tài)是一波三折,，有一種流動(dòng)的勢(shì)態(tài)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaGgmIScg4yMoL8sJt1IKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":56,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55e6d026f8794a02be4e6b743ef10d41","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnOgO002K2Eg8G4Vh3Vfwh2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6,、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺腳上挑,，如“超”字。寫法是寫好平捺后,，捺腳不平出,，而是順勢(shì)上挑成勾狀，目的是為了便于寫“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其實(shí)是在平捺快寫后順著筆勢(shì)自然形成的一種寫法,，不可勉強(qiáng)為之,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOMgg68YwSouGkh1NHmCTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIM0wg6Y4aIyaSGfbCqCJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、短挑是挑畫的一種,，線條短小,，如“地”字。短挑在行書中是承著其他點(diǎn)畫書寫而出,，短小精銳,，恰似一把短劍。寫法是落筆后略頓,，隨即逐漸提筆用力挑出,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWGcM8GI8Q6qoF49kXcPld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":51,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/332ae9b91f744f70bd10f05bbca1e078","width":100},"text":"","id":"doxcnW0uyq6IyKmmSy6PkudqHff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、撇折挑是指撇和挑連寫,，如“福”字,。寫法是先寫一撇,，然后折筆用力向右上迅速挑出,，撇折挑要注意折處,，書寫時(shí)點(diǎn)畫務(wù)必交待清楚,，不能含含糊糊，拖泥帶水,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4g8sq2E6AkeOys9eLkHIke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b406da1174de4ec897df80e8768c9280","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnuWCEyKWOuC6s8PV6hhl0pf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOYcgSEq8EmS4QX8PE1UFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、蟹爪勾是指豎勾屈曲似蟹爪，如“寺”字。寫法是先寫豎畫，然后轉(zhuǎn)筆向左行筆,，再翻筆向上勾出,。蟹爪勾是豎勾的變化寫法,，形態(tài)優(yōu)美、線條雄健、氣勢(shì)酣暢,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGwW8uucc4okquXfu1Iz6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/676dc82fd79347f5b5f0cdb428819f38","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnmcqwMCuSomAU2VO2H56Uje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、戈勾即戈字勾,，如“戊”字,。寫法是側(cè)鋒落筆,，然后縱筆而下,，勾時(shí)用力翻筆向上勾出。戈畫平中帶弧有韌勁,，剛中含柔見縱勢(shì),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIAEeiQsAisScv2zhC19Wd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fc32e4ff05f40d79a11436de1d10958","width":109},"text":"","id":"doxcn2sWu6cSwoUQIagLJ0gXPHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、背拋勾是指從背面反拋勾出,，如“夙”字,。寫法是順勢(shì)寫上橫畫,，拐彎時(shí)折筆而下，然后宛轉(zhuǎn)提筆寫下彎畫,，再翻筆向左上勾出,。背拋勾轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角處不能生硬有棱角，勾尖要向內(nèi),，對(duì)著字心首畫,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneA6WGqWa08WcgtWYZlo7bc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82397aca8fb244599de39104582f9462","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcni48aw2ygGaueEXTgi0fPkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、浮鵝勾因形同白鵝浮綠水而名,，如“毛”字,。寫法是落筆稍重，接著用筆向下寫直畫,，隨即提筆拐彎寫橫,，最后翻筆向上勾出。浮鵝勾要鵝頭高昂,，鵝身平正,，方正中呈圓勢(shì)，態(tài)度雍容大方,，氣宇軒昂不幾,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KCauImwe6AiSEiYsnwzYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b617d7719b44824b5806f49962dcee8","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnIgc2WYK2uWQ26BXelFJ3Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、回鋒勾如同回鋒捺是斜捺的快寫形式一樣,，回鋒勾是浮鵝勾的快寫形式,，如“也”字。寫法是順勢(shì)寫豎橫圓曲折,，然后翻筆由上繞一小圈向下勾出,。回鋒勾與浮鵝勾的不同處除了勾的形式和方向不一樣外,，是回鋒勾的豎橫向內(nèi)圓曲而浮鵝勾的豎橫向外開拓,。向內(nèi)圓曲的比較宛轉(zhuǎn)流利，向外開拓的比較雄健挺拔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQs8iweaQK8e4EdPKOJQHdl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a57349ba2744aed87bf15a00625e300","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnyU04Y0i2acIuozMvyOzlSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQQ8s20aSK8ESahD9M899g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、橫勾折是指橫畫加折勾,，如“罪”字。寫法是落筆先寫橫畫,，折時(shí)稍用力向左下方勾出,。橫勾折不僅要橫與勾的筆畫分明，而且轉(zhuǎn)折要自然有力,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWio8e02SYoAeQbaBlG2Hte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/128989d8259a40f4a691e2f9123a958e","width":112},"text":"","id":"doxcnwYkoSe6ayIw2cxjYtbxLrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、豎勾折是指豎畫加折勾，如“問”字,。寫法是先寫豎畫,，要心胸挺起，折時(shí)不妨筆略提起,，再頓下去,，然后迅速向左上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQm4Eao4aqKKw0lLitNFtb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68995ecd52ce43f1b01b82e83b13507e","width":119},"text":"","id":"doxcnKa66M4A8EQke6P0RkyQjSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、曲折在行書中用得很多,，凡是撇捺連續(xù)快寫都成曲折，如“根”字,。寫法是落筆寫撇畫,，接著向右折筆，再隨即向下勾,。曲折形似閃電,，富于動(dòng)態(tài)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyOWY6g2UaA6MpQ8FUINvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":60,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ddab8e070554eafbe788d27eab1d049","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcnCsOWsqOcGG8eOsNEpVaYtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4,、撇捺折是撇捺的連寫,，但書寫較工整，如“衣”字,。寫法是落筆稍重,，再逐漸提筆寫撇，然后回鋒向右下方寫反捺,，即成,。撇捺折在撇捺的交接處要連寫，要有折的風(fēng)味,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWewKKSI4cCscYF1HaN4kGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/79a94fe61ef64a4fa98d34a844cbb160","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcnewcmg4qW6gEA0UaVVbOKre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5,、三彎折是指三彎折曲折成三彎，如“乃”字,。寫法是先落筆寫橫,，再折筆寫彎,，接著順勢(shì)向下彎出。三彎折要折而有韌勁,，彎曲自然舒展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6CKwao4cIOMERTrg1fhHq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc888fce47574bb3b23e27aa45348ecb","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeyy2S4qewywgDcvyMUwSQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6,、內(nèi)勾折是由橫撇折的外勾變?yōu)閮?nèi)勾,，如“序”字。寫法是寫好橫畫后,，接著翻筆寫撇,，撇要成內(nèi)包勢(shì)，隨即趁勢(shì)向右上勾出,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ss2qCgGmKIyIBRbOunaWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a9fff903cb242b6999cbc36061881e7","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnGq0mgYMSAuiAk1UtlcrkIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7,、鵝勾折是浮鵝勾的快速簡(jiǎn)便寫法，如“光”字,。寫法是依勢(shì)落筆寫短斜豎,，隨即折筆向右上勾出。鵝勾折的折處要圓潤(rùn)遒麗,，用筆要流暢明凈,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcYuEAuYYAK2olswbP1IWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a2d65e9e63944a29a8c1e22d6b6d446c","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcngKK2iS2mq28YKkCCgOrLEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EC2w0iSQggQBLryTtseh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書偏旁一定要根據(jù)與其所搭配的單體的長(zhǎng)短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所變化,，不能千篇一律,。此外，部首一定要與其所搭配的單體互相呼應(yīng),。呼應(yīng)的方法,，或者借助于楷書用意連，或者借助于草書用形連,。形連時(shí)要注意既要靠牽絲,，又要靠筆勢(shì)，過多地使用牽絲,，如果形連勢(shì)不能連,，整個(gè)字仍是盤散沙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOOim2IA4aQigZNH3bjZ3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwy2cmiKaaiiEOEDyjUgBld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"側(cè)鋒落筆寫撇,，隨即回鋒寫橫勾折,，接著順勢(shì)寫豎仰勾。整個(gè)食字旁線條清楚勻稱,，是一筆寫成,。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskckguQUkAiOaOq0mEPaZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8aca3a771fc4a139c03aa0e90418c82","width":683},"text":"","id":"doxcn8sooCSyYuEuWmiJHQUlQjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weuAWyMEwOuaz7nBePYf7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首點(diǎn)向左下帶出一點(diǎn)以呼應(yīng)下一筆，撇點(diǎn)用撇提代替,，改變示字旁的書寫順序,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUi6ocKee4wEgxutajZ0ug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ba320b2860b4d5ea7f13cc526d07f4c","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnm044EWWyysAgKOz7kzuh0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQoSaoCCQGSEouEqkI0Mt1V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先落筆寫橫折，再翻筆寫橫折勾。弓字旁的弓須一氣呵成,，不能用兩筆或三筆寫成,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYSu64sIuM8kEVA00RUYge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08c6744a04614a75a307d434eb2c4521","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnCI6m6QgMOu046KVUu1wVyf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"蟲字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuIAKskk2k6eWMBytYHUIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落筆寫短斜豎，再順勢(shì)寫橫豎折,，接著回鋒寫下橫,，然后翻筆向上寫豎折挑，為了便于書寫,，行書蟲字旁的一點(diǎn)往往省掉,。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk6kqwCUqqEW2RwzZ4n3ih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蟲字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb9cebae85cf4f3daa0cfe4223b8ea03","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcnKQwUa42qiGgQ4XMINBjERg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"馬字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqe6eOKia20mI1EpDYjbEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落筆寫出折勾，再回筆寫豎橫折勾,，最后順勢(shì)寫下橫,。下橫一般寫成挑畫，以便書寫右面點(diǎn)畫,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWIkyqaUog64IXUTVzmjpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"馬字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ffcec311ac4028b30e62c7250e5e0c","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcni42mMSs2E2AOuIVn5LBdR1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"頁字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgAMQAkmUM8yMnjyyPcyJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"頁字旁主要是在右部,。其第一橫要稍長(zhǎng)，抗肩,，中間用小撇畫,，不要太長(zhǎng)，撇畫的起筆位置稍靠左,，第二個(gè)撇畫的彎度較大一些,，但不要寫的太長(zhǎng)，最后撇畫帶出小鉤,，呼應(yīng)最后一點(diǎn),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggWey8I8Qy2gp6EKTxTgrr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"頁字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ef06ff99d4f4cfb8f5d18c1c3c6cb88","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnGe2wGsEeCkE4WS28zkaZdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WCQaSSMQ6U40ePMyOCRZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先平撇要短，角度稍平,，豎寫短,，橫可稍長(zhǎng)，但口字要寫小,。所以偏旁整體要小,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0QMekIIqY4MuoKDXqpNHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376a27e1eeb04fc48a3e0169b1c32a15","width":629},"text":"","id":"doxcnukqYqKcCWCqISWTs6rNoEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiy4wqSwuEEAg1BTDW8gvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁也是寫小，且整體稍向右上斜,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQ6QCW62Acq0Ys0PILBIbS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":136,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24ec8a9db1b44db2816be55337f4d46b","width":614},"text":"","id":"doxcnU4AEwyO6UmKWnsuY5eX5Io"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k2USuqGSugoCmR2YmrWAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書是介于楷書和草書之間的書體,，是日常生活書寫中最常用最流行的書體。尤以鋼筆行書為最,。行書筆畫,、結(jié)構(gòu)有一定的伸縮性，形態(tài)又多變化,，豐富奇彩,、意到筆隨,，可塑性大，利于發(fā)揮藝術(shù)效果,，實(shí)用價(jià)值更是超過其它書體,。一副得意之作，通篇結(jié)構(gòu),，引領(lǐng)管帶,，首尾呼應(yīng)，一氣呵成,，各盡意志,，氣適流動(dòng),，起伏隨勢(shì),，巧布虛陳，寄情寓意,，無不淋漓盡致,，酣暢爽快，令人賞心悅目,。這些都說明章法在行書創(chuàng)作中顯得尤為重要,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWYK8W6Ky0U4I7p3ZGyLpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法特點(diǎn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscaOkQmK2ym2uuacwmDWBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書由于筆畫、結(jié)構(gòu)變化較大,，形體各異,，加之書寫風(fēng)格不同，因而即使同一字也會(huì)出現(xiàn)多種形態(tài),，有肥瘦,、長(zhǎng)短、方圓,、雄渾,、挺撥、俊秀等差別,。正是這些差別,，使行書作品千姿百態(tài)，異彩紛呈,，構(gòu)成了不同的氣韻的章法,。因此，行書的謀篇布局較楷書要靈活得多,，具有如下特點(diǎn)：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAOUUCUEQ82MNIa8dy6Jqr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"筆勢(shì)多取縱勢(shì)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem6uwmIUgkUOCiIIHAVoEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行書筆畫活潑流動(dòng),，筆畫之間有牽縱行帶，前字的末筆與后字的首筆連帶密切,，如取縱勢(shì),，更顯得如行云流水,，氣韻貫通，給人以一氣呵成之勢(shì),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqai8YcC4qkEcJZZYp0wbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疏密變化自如","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe4IuQwQKco6ioVhPww3Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書除筆畫,、結(jié)構(gòu)有疏密變化外，在整體布局中通過改變字形的大小,、長(zhǎng)短,、字態(tài)的肥瘦、俯仰,，能自由地調(diào)整疏密位置與布白,，達(dá)到疏密得當(dāng)，布白奇妙的效果,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI8I8iWY4ggEETpYW4TWKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"參差錯(cuò)落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyY6McsoGiCAI49eIbJf1Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書不僅僅筆畫,、結(jié)體各部分及字與字之間有參差變化外，而且行與行之間及通篇亦有錯(cuò)落變化,，這樣,，整體布局顯得活潑靈動(dòng)，妙趣橫生,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkQa262qAS4Y44kebdWNjlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行氣直抒胸臆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEUW0aSwKqwioL7kGZZbih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行書書寫速度較快,，行筆之時(shí)情法于中、筆情交融,，最能直接表達(dá)書者的情感,，增加作品的感染力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyKM0AU8QauAC89X8PETgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"謀篇技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8g2yw6YQisMUewcHsiCBnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以動(dòng)為主","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGCG264aiCOa62eig4dIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷書的章法以靜為主要特征,，給人以平和穩(wěn)定,、一絲不茍、不激不厲和端正嚴(yán)肅的感覺,；行書章法則以動(dòng)為主要特征,，給人以生動(dòng)飄逸和富有生命活力的感覺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusII6oWAIeaeGO2l13qZgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前人出書法要“師造化”,，凡在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中能見到的動(dòng)作姿態(tài),，都可借鑒到行、草書中去,，以增強(qiáng)行書作品的動(dòng)感,，豐富其內(nèi)涵和底蘊(yùn)。多欣賞和臨寫古今行書大家作品,，也是培養(yǎng)書寫動(dòng)感的有效途徑,。我們不能用楷書的結(jié)體和章法來寫行書，這樣會(huì)使作品顯得沉快無生氣,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaqOeS0KomkCcB90z1cpjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然行書強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)感,，但并不是隨意為之,、不要法度，它仍要遵循一定的規(guī)律,，以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求靈變,，避免過于放縱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaAAAGGqYCkB74bKmj5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以不齊求齊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYaAUqMyEqaoGolGrLFSLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷書要求字的上下左右間隔勻稱,，排列整齊,，以工整規(guī)范為美。行書則要求字形有大小,，間隔有疏密排列,，有錯(cuò)落變化，以局部的不整齊求得整體的平衡,、穩(wěn)定和齊整,，以變化為美。一幅好的行書作品,，初看起來一行一行排列得很整齊,，行與行之間的距離也相等,，一氣呵成,，渾然一體，氣韻生動(dòng),，但細(xì)看起來,，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，字與字并不對(duì)齊,，有的偏左,，有的偏右，左右動(dòng)蕩不寫,，行與行之間的距離也不相等,，有的緊，有的松,，沒有定則,，即所謂的“行書無寫法”，需要我們多實(shí)踐,、多體會(huì),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0m6K4mIWIQuSTyRdR0iNC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具有節(jié)奏變化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mGoqc8CKiKuisjCYuI1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一幅好的行書作品，就象一首抒情的歌曲,，時(shí)而婉轉(zhuǎn)平和,，時(shí)而高亢豪邁，時(shí)而如行云流水,，時(shí)而如電閃雷鳴,，幾經(jīng)曲折,，波瀾起伏。這些都是書者書寫時(shí)情感的自然渲泄,，這種渲瀉是有節(jié)奏的,，體現(xiàn)了行書作品的節(jié)奏美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oS4648y26OANLehr5Ayh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"前后呼應(yīng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwCUi2miWAaOs9cTQCQNIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書作品最注重首字,，應(yīng)靜心寫好文稿第一字,，以統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全篇。要使行書的章法顯得嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而又富于變化,，一定要注意前后呼應(yīng)關(guān)系,，要意在筆先，事先考慮好前后字的銜接問題,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUEOuykEcou6ls65je4Ec"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"書寫姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIiu0qG4ISKEWEV29p0Lhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4wuicC8u4woolgT0iFfKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正確的書寫姿勢(shì)不只是為了好看,，還可以使書寫技能得到充分、有效地發(fā)揮,，有助于書寫者的身心健康,。書寫姿勢(shì)同時(shí)也反映出書寫者的修養(yǎng)，只有身正才會(huì)字正,。正確的姿勢(shì)應(yīng)是頭正,、身直、肩平,、胸舒,、臂開、足安,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMSswUI2WKAol2w4DioiKY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68e50955c9bf49c79a2d33fa599f8967","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnqm2uCmw0owUUY5OWH2KzUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、頭部端正：頭要居中，稍向前下方俯視,，眼睛與紙面一尺距離,，不可俯得太低，也不可左偏,、右斜,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAMQGGsCsMWSUpcK0JxSKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身直肩平：臀部平坐于椅子中間大部,，不能扭向一邊,，兩肩平齊，上身不彎曲,，使上身重心安穩(wěn),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUiYWyqyCYMED5LIMvyBoq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、臂開胸舒：兩臂自然開張,，兩肘平放桌面,，保持一線,，腹背挺直，胸口與桌沿保持一拳距離,，使呼吸順暢,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0McKYqQOOsQU8lGajEQpze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿開足安：兩腿分開,，與肩同寬,，自然下垂，內(nèi)側(cè)保持平行,，兩腳平放地上,，使全身平衡。正確的書寫姿勢(shì),，才能使字寫得端正,，重心平衡。同時(shí),，正確的姿勢(shì)也會(huì)給人的身體帶來益處,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwCCaoS8cUaUK4bwzdP1wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn484YCWuqYCgQKKJJq1SqBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"執(zhí)筆方法不正確，不但妨礙書寫姿勢(shì),，影響書寫質(zhì)量,，還會(huì)給書寫者身心健康帶來危害，不可忽視,。根據(jù)筆的自身特點(diǎn),，硬筆是三指執(zhí)筆法,，斜拿,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkciww0WuyUa4iC5JCK6Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正確的執(zhí)筆方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8A4cGIEUOYy0GW13CkCCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指、食指,、中指三個(gè)指頭捏住筆桿（三指處于同一平面）,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIywGmOiyoCcMgN2M7T7Nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距筆尖約2.5cm~3cm（兩指左右）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2QIceAcSgKAWGKahaJm8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指關(guān)節(jié)都向外彎,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuScKqwMEoSUcys1lP97bCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④筆桿位于食指的根部（如下圖）,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyke2coyo0M6eXj1qhSuNs"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce7201cb08b47529021161e4b3de06b","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcne0eiCmM0cG4U6p3INPuCMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同時(shí)，還要做到：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamykg6A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Lq094Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,，有以下幾個(gè)點(diǎn)可以注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSugi6IWWKMKSWd3Ibp7GtZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）當(dāng)沒有問題的筆墨寫在紙上產(chǎn)生洇墨、阻力大等類問題,，建議換紙,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOOW42wEyY6EKcEt3OKSBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不要使用線格過小的紙，選擇寫起來有種自然舒適狀態(tài)的紙,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQoU4AWmY4YmWMBLwAw1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不要刻意追求“好”紙,，硬筆行書的練習(xí)對(duì)紙的要求較低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIMuwA4KiKQk95m4tnAMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"紙張","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1370f12a9b3b4d938074b49cdfa4ca62","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcnqkWu80g8O6mAQr6qkPMw7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUASa6Y2KiSaSSutOmuSNyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果基礎(chǔ)比較差,，或者追求沒那么高,，可以從現(xiàn)代字帖練，比較容易上手,。如果想追求書法或者有一定基礎(chǔ),，那么就要多臨摹古帖了。硬筆臨摹古帖,，初學(xué)以趙孟頫行楷《妙嚴(yán)寺》,、《膽巴碑》過度，再以《赤壁賦》,、《吳興賦》入手,，然后可以臨文征明等二王一路的帖,。或者直接以李邕《法華寺》入手,。以上字帖,，要下大功夫臨摹，專注一本,，長(zhǎng)期熏修,，悟到行書精髓，然后可以遍臨諸家,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucQUMwau2sCUwfnACIbDgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiQqCcEE8OuoqYdd2ZXLWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、田英章的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0yGccyK8U4Q8gPBSuvP2yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的硬筆字，剛中帶柔,，舒展灑脫,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAcyecEwwsa4FbIfMmqEyr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是田英章老師的一些作品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqcEGE4mma06sMSHXIP0nb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57790c3f579340c6a3d920e542c5e081","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn84aA4kmYeGssOkRDzIifpe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":523,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/665960b664004091947413f309229f9b","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOcsieq6aiK82VKH4M2P2f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、李放鳴字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"李放鳴字的風(fēng)格與田英章老師較為相近,。其書法字帖因選材獨(dú)特,、版式新穎、印刷精美,，被許多學(xué)校作為指定書法教材,，在全國(guó)首屆硬筆書法系列評(píng)比中獲書家組“十佳字帖”獎(jiǎng)，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneacYskAWwAsmUXP2ENjdhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是李放鳴老師的一些作品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMwS40qQc8kgUjRNRb08Fd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/076399aa06bd441c8d96060b3a5cc8c6","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnCia2usY2Cg4qAlPMs7VljU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3cafb01a8ad4dcf99af2fb29b35c803","width":521},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOAocWOqOMKW2dihMx5xMc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、司馬彥行書","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"司馬彥的行書相當(dāng)棒特別適合初學(xué)者臨習(xí),，臨他的字帖其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是不容易走偏而且有利于將來的發(fā)展是國(guó)內(nèi)目前少有的即有名氣又有實(shí)力的書法家，他的行書字帖是國(guó)內(nèi)許多院校硬筆行書的必修課,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne82wyikkM6yoQTMT0J7cRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31d1eddee0c14259a78f64d44dd40234","width":388},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQAM8yuu6EI8OGQGVz4TSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"書寫注意的問題","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneACOeq0e6qUQuKLKnhE4If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鋼筆行書的幅式有中堂條幅,、條屏、對(duì)聯(lián),、橫幅,、長(zhǎng)卷、扇面等幅式,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmOcoAicOWaomomHXoY14e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鋼筆行書函文的書寫形式,，也有豎寫和橫寫兩種方式。常用的排列方式,，與楷書大體接近,。一般用單線稿紙或無格紙書寫較多，方格紙用得較少,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2gwqOuYS8ysEDNep9PiJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鋼筆行書的落款,，款文要用本體或行草書寫，款文字形要小于正文,，鈐印的印章寧少勿多，1-2方足矣。印章的大小,，應(yīng)等于或略大于款文,，但不得大于正文。鈐印位置要與正文相呼應(yīng),，起到活躍布局,、平衡作品的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKU0A6ys0sK28ibu7GJzlib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)要以楷書為基礎(chǔ),，在結(jié)構(gòu)和用筆兩方面練好扎實(shí)的基本功,。行書的用筆和結(jié)構(gòu)雖然較楷書有所變化，但還沒有達(dá)到草書“解散楷體”的程度,。因此,，學(xué)習(xí)行書必須要具備一定的楷書基礎(chǔ)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIwyOWS6oSuiWaB3wrfzng"},{"type":"paragrap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2. 廣柴6g32技術(shù)資料1）剛啟動(dòng)后的柴油機(jī)，不應(yīng)立即進(jìn)行滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),。應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)退倏蛰d運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),，讓柴油機(jī)預(yù)熱，當(dāng)冷卻水出水溫度達(dá)到60 ℃后,，才允許柴油機(jī)提高到最高轉(zhuǎn)速和投入滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)行,。 （2）柴油機(jī)在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),，應(yīng)隨時(shí)注意油壓,、油溫、冷卻水溫度,、充電電流等儀表指示,。注意觀察各儀表所指示的數(shù)據(jù)是否在規(guī)定的范圍，尤其是水溫和機(jī)油壓力是否正常,。柴油機(jī)有無不正常聲響,，若發(fā)現(xiàn)有，必須立即停車檢查處理,。并應(yīng)注意觀察排氣煙色,，傾聽柴油機(jī)內(nèi)部聲音，如發(fā)現(xiàn)有過熱,、冒黑煙,、異常響聲等,，應(yīng)及時(shí)停機(jī)檢查予以排除。絕對(duì)不允許帶故障柴油機(jī)工作,，以免發(fā)生意外事故,。 ?。?）柴油機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)緩慢增減轉(zhuǎn)速和負(fù)荷,。行車速度應(yīng)由低到高逐漸增加，不能剛起步就立即高速行車,。一般情況下不允許驟增和突降柴油機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速,。柴油機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中，應(yīng)經(jīng)常注意供油系統(tǒng),、冷卻系統(tǒng)的情況,，如發(fā)現(xiàn)泄漏，應(yīng)及時(shí)排除,，以免浪費(fèi)和污染環(huán)境,。不要讓柴油機(jī)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 ?。?）新機(jī)或剛大修好的柴油機(jī),，必須按使用說明書要求進(jìn)行磨合試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)后，才允許負(fù)荷運(yùn)行,。裝車后必須保證有走合2500 km（或半個(gè)月,，柴油機(jī)工作70 h）的磨合期，在磨合期內(nèi),，不得打開二級(jí)油門限位螺釘?shù)你U封,，全油門全速運(yùn)行。在磨合期內(nèi),，車速和載荷應(yīng)取額定值的60%～70%為宜,。噴油泵出廠前已經(jīng)調(diào)整好，用戶不得隨意變動(dòng),，如需調(diào)整必須在噴油泵試驗(yàn)臺(tái)上進(jìn)行,。 3. 廣柴6g32柴油機(jī)參數(shù)博圖v16有6g 博途V16需要大于6G左右，但是安裝博途需要一定配置的硬件,。 安裝 STEP 7 Basic / Professional V16 的計(jì)算機(jī)推薦滿足以下需求： 處理器： Core i5-6440EQ 3.4 GHz 或者相當(dāng),； 內(nèi)存： 16GB或者更多（對(duì)于大型項(xiàng)目，為32GB）,； 硬盤：SSD,，配備至少50GB的存儲(chǔ)空間； 圖形分辨率：最小 1920 x 1080,； 顯示器：15.6" 寬屏顯示 （1920 x 1080）,。 4. 廣柴6G32柴油機(jī)玩國(guó)內(nèi)網(wǎng)游還可以,，帶的動(dòng)，32寸曲面屏適合1~1.5米左右的視距,，這樣看起來比較舒服,，太近了不舒服。 大型單機(jī)游戲的話這個(gè)顯卡帶2K分辨率太吃力,，起碼GTX1070才能玩爽2K單機(jī)游戲,。GTX1060 6G在1080P下都不能特效全開現(xiàn)在的主流大型單機(jī)游戲。 5. 廣柴6g32功率肉夾饃合臘汁肉,，白吉饃為一體,，互為烘托，將各自滋味發(fā)揮到極致,。饃香肉酥,，回味無窮，肉夾饃遍及西安大街小巷,。咬一口外皮松脆,，其內(nèi)綿軟的白吉饃。滿嘴香醇可口的臘汁肉和白吉饃的誘人味道,，不由你不滿口生津,，真是人生一小快樂,那么下面教你制作美味的肉夾饃 一、肉夾饃 主料：五花肉1塊 前腿肉1塊 紅燒醬油(腌肉用) 兩勺姜片(腌肉用) 幾片白胡椒粉(腌肉用) 輔料：1茶匙料酒(腌肉用) 1勺花椒(腌肉用) 10幾粒紅燒醬油(燉肉用) 3勺料酒(燉肉用) 1勺冰糖(燉肉用) 4,、5顆八角(燉肉用) 4,、5顆桂皮(燉肉用) 1塊丁香(燉肉用) 7、8粒草果(燉肉用) 輔料：兩個(gè)小茴香(燉肉用) 1小把干橘皮(燉肉用) 兩塊三奈(燉肉用) 兩塊香葉(燉肉用) 3,、4片鹽(燉肉用)適量 普通中筋面粉500克 溫水280克 酵母3克 制作工藝： 1.五花肉與瘦一點(diǎn)的前腿肉各一塊,，肥瘦三七開。也可以用純五花肉和純前腿肉,，看個(gè)人喜歡 2.豬肉烙皮后刮洗干凈,，加紅燒醬油、姜片,、白胡椒粉,、料酒、花椒,，將肉充分揉搓按摩,。有條件的，在火上把肉皮燎燒至焦黃,，再刮洗,。沒條件的，就把鍋燒得極熱，不放油,，肉皮緊貼熱鍋烙得焦黃,，稱之為烙皮。這樣豬肉皮吃起來更Q彈哦 3.加了調(diào)料的肉,，蒙上保鮮膜腌制兩個(gè)小時(shí) 4.這是腌好的肉 5.鍋里燒水,，連肉帶腌料和汁水，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)放入鍋里,，再加一些紅燒醬油,、料酒、鹽,、冰糖,、八角、草果,、小茴香、桂皮,、丁香,、干橘皮、香葉,、三奈 6.加蓋中火燉煮約四十多分鐘,，燉得軟一點(diǎn)更好吃 7.在燉肉的時(shí)候，準(zhǔn)備制作白饃,。面粉500克(其實(shí)多少隨意,，看你吃多少饃) 8.溫水約280克，酵母3克,，與面粉調(diào)和 9.揉成光滑的面團(tuán),，面粉的吸水程度不一樣，觀察干稀狀態(tài),，適量增減面粉和水,，醒發(fā)半個(gè)小時(shí) 10.面團(tuán)分成約60克一個(gè)的小劑子。我留了幾個(gè)小劑子做牛肉餡餅,，做了八個(gè)白饃 11.揉好,，搟成牛舌狀 12.再卷成圓形 13.按扁，再次搟面,，成圓餅狀,。飭15分鐘 14.平底鍋燒熱，不要放油,，放餅下去,，轉(zhuǎn)小火，加蓋燜著烙饃 15.兩面烙得色澤金黃,。注意觀察狀態(tài),，經(jīng)常翻面,，不要烙糊了。每家火力不一樣,，我一鍋同時(shí)烙三個(gè)餅,，烙熟大約花了十幾分鐘 16.這是烙好的白饃 17.這邊廂，肉也燉好了,，夾出幾塊浸泡在肉湯里的肉 18.在菜板上將肉切或剁成碎塊,，我家帆少喜歡吃稍微大塊一點(diǎn)的肉，有滿足感,。^_^喜歡香菜的親們可以剁一點(diǎn)進(jìn)去 19.兩個(gè)誘人的肉夾饃 20.,，拍完照得趕緊第一時(shí)間啃起來! 二、陜西肉夾饃 主料:豬里脊肉500克 面粉250克 酵母粉5克 鹽適量 料酒適量 老抽適量 輔料：胡椒粉少量雞精少量 生姜七八片 鹵料一包 香辣醬一大勺 紅糖一大勺 制作工藝： 1.豬里脊肉500克,，肥三瘦七,，改切成大塊，加兩匙鹽,、少量雞精,、胡椒粉、一勺老抽,、兩大勺料酒,，七八片生姜，拌勻,，腌制40分鐘 2.鹵料一包,，過水沖洗濾干備用 3.高壓鍋倒入小半鍋水，倒入鹵料,，加兩勺鹽,、一大勺老抽、一大勺香辣醬,、一小勺雞精,、一大勺紅糖，攪拌均勻,，將水燒開,，下入腌過的肉塊，然后蓋上鍋蓋,，上汽后改小火,，燉25分鐘 4.悶肉的過程中來做饃，面粉250克置于盆中,，中間做個(gè)窩,，將80ML溫水與5克酵母粉調(diào)勻，倒入窩中 5.攪勻后揉成光滑的面團(tuán)，此面團(tuán)不用揉至完全階段,，揉至擴(kuò)展階段就可以了 6.將面團(tuán)置于盆中,，蓋上濕布，置于溫暖處如28度的烤箱,，發(fā)酵40分鐘,，直至面團(tuán)發(fā)至原來的兩倍大 7.將面團(tuán)取出，排氣,，重新揉勻,，分成大小均等的六個(gè)劑子，搟成餅形,，飭15分鐘 8.平底鍋開最小火,，不要刷油，鍋中不要有水分,，將面餅坯下入鍋中干烙,，烙的時(shí)候蓋上鍋蓋 9.烙好一面再翻面烙另一面，注意烙的時(shí)間不要過長(zhǎng),，每一面約1分鐘左右即可,，不然面餅會(huì)烙黑烙糊，就不好看了 10.最后將鹵好的肉塊撈出,，用刀剁碎，與涼拌香菜混合拌勻,，用刀在饃上切個(gè)口,，不要切斷，將拌好的肉和香菜夾入饃中即可 以上就是肉夾饃的制作工藝,，歡迎補(bǔ)充,，喜歡的話就關(guān)注并留下留言，你的關(guān)注與評(píng)論就是動(dòng)力,。 6. 廣柴6g32柴油機(jī)說明書FAt32格式的U盤,，不支持大于6G的文件，你可以把U盤格式化一下成NTFS格式試試看,， 7. 廣柴6300柴油機(jī)6缸,，缸徑300毫米，行程380毫米,，750馬力增壓柴油機(jī) |
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