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1. lng裝卸操作視頻

汽車(chē)改液化氣不能加民用液化氣。

液化氣罐的接口管徑與灌裝天然氣的加氣槍也不一樣,，無(wú)法通用,，即使經(jīng)過(guò)改裝，天然氣公司的人也不會(huì)給用戶加的,，家用燃?xì)鉃長(zhǎng)NG而車(chē)用燃?xì)馐荂NG,。

煤氣罐中是液化石油氣，主要成分為丙烷,、丙烯,、丁烷、丁烯等,，而煤氣其主要成分是一氧化碳,、甲烷和氫等。兩者有相似的地方,，但是還是有一定區(qū)別的,。

2. lng裝卸車(chē)視頻

上進(jìn)液可以使上不壓力將下來(lái),，使得LNG槽車(chē)卸車(chē)時(shí)越卸越快，下進(jìn)液可以使得LNG直接進(jìn)入儲(chǔ)罐底部,。沒(méi)有從上到下的揮發(fā)過(guò)程,，卸車(chē)比較平穩(wěn)緩慢。如果罐位比較低時(shí)候,，建議你用下進(jìn),，盡量保證進(jìn)多少存多少。但是若有不同組分的LNG進(jìn)一組罐時(shí),，車(chē)上比儲(chǔ)罐密度小下進(jìn),，密度大上進(jìn)，防止翻滾,！

3. lng裝車(chē)流程視頻

一,、竣工驗(yàn)收檢查

建設(shè)項(xiàng)目是否經(jīng)過(guò)消防驗(yàn)收合格。

二,、消防安全管理檢查

1.是否落實(shí)站區(qū)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)火源管理,，是否存在加油加氣區(qū)內(nèi)吸煙、營(yíng)業(yè)期間動(dòng)用明火等違規(guī)現(xiàn)象,，輔助服務(wù)區(qū)內(nèi)是否存在新增明火或散發(fā)火花地點(diǎn),，設(shè)在加油加氣區(qū)內(nèi)的站房?jī)?nèi)是否存在明火設(shè)備。

2.是否嚴(yán)格落實(shí)動(dòng)火審批制度,，因設(shè)備檢修等情況必須動(dòng)用明火時(shí)是否停止加油加氣作業(yè),，并采取提前清理置換罐體、管道油氣,、清除可燃物等可靠安全措施,。

3.是否在站區(qū)內(nèi)設(shè)置了“嚴(yán)禁煙火”等醒目的消防安全標(biāo)識(shí)，加油加氣區(qū)與輔助服務(wù)區(qū)之間是否設(shè)有明顯界線標(biāo)識(shí),。

4.是否按照操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行卸油,、加油（氣）等作業(yè)。

5.是否在操作中落實(shí)防靜電措施,。

6.是否對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)開(kāi)展防火巡查檢查,，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并處置“跑,、冒,、滴、漏”現(xiàn)象,。

7.是否按要求定期對(duì)消防設(shè)施器材和防靜電裝置進(jìn)行檢查,、維修、保養(yǎng),，固定消防設(shè)施是否按要求每年至少進(jìn)行一次全面檢測(cè),。

8.是否定期對(duì)防靜電接地裝置進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。

9.是否按要求委托有相應(yīng)資質(zhì)的防雷裝置檢測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)防雷設(shè)施進(jìn)行定期檢測(cè)，查閱檢測(cè)報(bào)告結(jié)論是否為合格,。

10.可燃?xì)怏w濃度探測(cè)裝置的報(bào)警閾值是否每年由當(dāng)?shù)刭|(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督部門(mén)進(jìn)行檢定,，并查閱檢定證書(shū)。

11.是否結(jié)合站內(nèi)具體情況（針對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐區(qū),、加油加氣區(qū),、壓縮機(jī)、站房等不同部位起火的情況）制定了滅火和應(yīng)急疏散預(yù)案,。

二,、建筑防火檢查

（一）平面布局檢查

1.站內(nèi)的儲(chǔ)罐、加油機(jī)和液化石油氣,、壓縮天然氣工藝設(shè)施等部位,，與站外建、構(gòu)筑物的防火間距是否存在變化,。

2.站內(nèi)各建筑和設(shè)施的狀態(tài)是否改變,。

3.加油加氣作業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi)是否存在違規(guī)設(shè)置住宿、餐飲,、商場(chǎng)（不含經(jīng)營(yíng)食品,、飲料、潤(rùn)滑油,、汽車(chē)配件等小商品的便利店）和娛樂(lè)等設(shè)施的現(xiàn)象,，輔助服務(wù)區(qū)內(nèi)的服務(wù)設(shè)施是否與加油加氣作業(yè)區(qū)保持足夠防火間距。

4.是否存在超量?jī)?chǔ)存的現(xiàn)象,。

5.站區(qū)內(nèi)是否違規(guī)采用瀝青路面,。

6.站內(nèi)是否存在違規(guī)種植的油性植物，液化石油氣加氣站內(nèi)是否違規(guī)種植有樹(shù)木和易造成可燃?xì)怏w積聚的其他植物,。

7.加油加氣作業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi),，是否有“明火地點(diǎn)”或“散發(fā)火花地點(diǎn)”。

（二）防火分隔檢查

1.小型內(nèi)燃發(fā)電機(jī)組的廢氣排出口是否安裝有阻火器,，排煙管口至各爆炸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域邊界的水平距離是否符合以下規(guī)定：當(dāng)排煙口高出地面4.5m以下時(shí),，不應(yīng)小于5m；當(dāng)排煙口高出地面4.5m及以上時(shí),，不應(yīng)小于3m,。

2.加油加氣站內(nèi)是否按規(guī)定采用明溝排水，圍墻處設(shè)置的水封裝置是否正常,。

3.位于爆炸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域內(nèi)的操作井,、排水井的防滲漏和防火花發(fā)生的措施是否到位。

4.站房與餐廳,、汽車(chē)服務(wù),、鍋爐房,、廚房、員工宿舍,、司機(jī)休息室等設(shè)施之間是否以無(wú)門(mén)窗洞口的實(shí)體防火墻分隔,。

5.站內(nèi)的鍋?zhàn)o(hù)房、廚房等有明火設(shè)備的房間與工藝設(shè)備之間的距離符合防火間距的規(guī)定但≤25m時(shí),，其朝向加油加氣作業(yè)區(qū)的外墻是否為無(wú)門(mén)窗洞口的實(shí)體防火墻,。

6.加油站內(nèi)的工藝管道除必須露出地面的以外，是否均已埋地敷設(shè),。當(dāng)采用管溝敷設(shè)時(shí),，管溝是否用中性沙子或細(xì)土填滿、填實(shí),。

（三）電氣防爆,、防雷、防靜電措施檢查

1.檢查站內(nèi)罩棚,、泵房,、壓縮機(jī)間、營(yíng)業(yè)室等部位設(shè)置的事故照明是否正常,。

2.爆炸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域內(nèi)電器設(shè)備選型,、電氣線路敷設(shè)是否符合防爆要求。

3.儲(chǔ)罐（瓶組）防雷防靜電接地是否完好,，接地點(diǎn)是否不少于2處,。

4.埋地儲(chǔ)罐與量油孔、通氣管,、放散管及阻火器,、油罐車(chē)御油用的卸油軟管、油氣回收軟管與兩端快速接頭等附件相互間的電氣連接是否良好,。

5.油品和液化石油氣卸車(chē)場(chǎng)地,，是否設(shè)置接地裝置、跨接線及靜電接地儀,。

6.爆炸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域內(nèi)的油,、氣管道上的法蘭、膠管兩端的金屬線跨接是否保持完好,。

7.當(dāng)采用電纜溝敷設(shè)電纜時(shí),，加油加氣作業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi)的電纜溝內(nèi)是否充沙填實(shí)，電纜是否違規(guī)與油品,、氣體管道以及熱力管道敷設(shè)在同一溝內(nèi),。

三,、消防設(shè)施器材檢查

1.檢查L(zhǎng)PG,、LNG加氣站及合建站設(shè)置的固定消防給水系統(tǒng),。

2.檢查加油站的滅火器材配備。

3.檢查配置的滅火器型號(hào)是否與使用環(huán)境相符,；檢查滅火用沙子是否保持干燥,，有無(wú)結(jié)塊、冰凍現(xiàn)象,。

4.檢查加氣站,、加油加氣合建站內(nèi)設(shè)置有LPG設(shè)備、LNG設(shè)備的場(chǎng)所和設(shè)置有CNG設(shè)備(包括罐,、瓶,、泵、壓縮機(jī)等)的房間內(nèi),、罩棚下是否按要求設(shè)置可燃?xì)怏w檢測(cè)器,，報(bào)警功能是否正常，配備的不間斷電源是否正常,。

四,、重點(diǎn)部位檢查

（一）加油加氣作業(yè)區(qū)

1.加油機(jī)、加氣機(jī)是否違規(guī)設(shè)置在室內(nèi),。

2.加氣槍加氣軟管上是否設(shè)有拉斷閥,。

3.自助加油站是否設(shè)置了加油油氣回收系統(tǒng)和視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，加油機(jī)是否設(shè)置了釋放靜電裝置和緊急停機(jī)開(kāi)關(guān),。

4.加氣機(jī)附近是否設(shè)有防撞柱(欄),；加氣機(jī)附近安裝的可燃?xì)怏w探測(cè)器是否完好、正常,。

5.液化石油氣加氣機(jī)的液相管道上是否設(shè)置能自行關(guān)閉的事故切斷閥或過(guò)流閥,。

6.液化石油氣加氣機(jī)附近是否設(shè)置有緊急切斷按鈕或裝置。

7.壓縮天然氣加氣機(jī)安全限壓裝置是否正常,。

8.加油加氣機(jī)內(nèi)部電器選型和電氣線路敷設(shè)是否符合防爆要求,，防靜電等電位連接和接地裝置是否完好。

9.加油(氣)軟管是否存在軟管老化,、管內(nèi)導(dǎo)靜電銅絲斷裂等情況,。

10.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)是否存在“跑冒滴漏”現(xiàn)象。

11.站內(nèi)緊急切斷系統(tǒng)功能是否正常,。

（二）油罐區(qū)

1.檢查油罐通氣管管口阻火器是否完好,。

2.檢查汽油罐與柴油罐是否分開(kāi)設(shè)通氣管，是否高出地面不小于4m,，通氣管公稱直徑是否大于50mm,。

3.當(dāng)采用卸油油氣回收系統(tǒng)和加油油氣回收系統(tǒng)時(shí)，汽油罐通氣管口是否安裝了機(jī)械呼吸閥,。

4.檢查油罐車(chē)卸油是否采用密閉卸油方式,密閉卸油管道的各操作接口處,，是否設(shè)有快速接頭及悶蓋和明顯標(biāo)識(shí),。

5.油罐液位計(jì)的高液位報(bào)警及自動(dòng)停止進(jìn)油功能是否正常。

6.卸油時(shí)用的卸油連通軟管,、油氣回收連通軟管,，是否采用導(dǎo)靜電耐油軟管或內(nèi)附金屬絲（網(wǎng)）的橡膠軟管，軟管有無(wú)老化,、管內(nèi)導(dǎo)致靜電銅絲斷裂等情況,。

（三）站房?jī)?nèi)鍋爐間

1.設(shè)置在站房?jī)?nèi)的鍋爐間是否用耐火極限不低于3h的隔墻與其他房間隔開(kāi)。

2.燃煤鍋爐煙囪出口是否高出屋頂2m及以上,，是否采取防止火星外逸的有效措施,。

3.采暖用燃?xì)鉄崴魇欠裨O(shè)有排煙系統(tǒng)和熄火保護(hù)等安全裝置。

4. lng罐車(chē)卸車(chē)教學(xué)視頻

焊工操作證是焊工作業(yè)必須持有的證件,，具有極強(qiáng)的法律效應(yīng),。焊工操作證也稱為焊工上崗證，是由應(yīng)急管理廳(原安監(jiān)局)頒發(fā)的,，像身份證一樣大小,，是IC卡形式的。

考試基本介紹

考試介紹

焊工證屬于特種作業(yè)操作證,，又稱熔化焊接與熱切割作業(yè)操作證,。證書(shū)全國(guó)通用，是由安監(jiān)局進(jìn)行頒發(fā)的正規(guī)證書(shū),。證書(shū)每三年一審,，六年一換。證書(shū)類型（IC卡片）類似身份證,。焊工操作證不分等級(jí),，一般只要是從事金屬焊接切割作業(yè)(電焊、氣焊,、弧焊,、電焊氣割)等工作，都是領(lǐng)取同一種焊工操作證,，不需要細(xì)化,，證書(shū)帶磁卡，全國(guó)通用,。

IC卡版證書(shū)樣本

國(guó)家文件明文規(guī)定企業(yè)聘用人員必須持此證,，焊工等級(jí)資格證：俗稱焊工等級(jí)證，是由人力資源與社會(huì)保障局簡(jiǎn)稱為人社局,，也就是以前我們常說(shuō)的勞動(dòng)局頒發(fā)的,。 焊工職業(yè)共設(shè)五個(gè)等級(jí)，分別為：

初級(jí)（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格五級(jí)）中級(jí)（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格四級(jí)）高級(jí)（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格三級(jí)）技師（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格二級(jí)）高級(jí)技師（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格一級(jí)）。這個(gè)證是按照焊接工齡,，技術(shù)水平的因素綜合鑒定的,。

報(bào)考條件

(一) 年滿18周歲且符合相關(guān)工種規(guī)定的年齡要求；

(二) 經(jīng)醫(yī)院體檢合格且無(wú)妨礙從事相應(yīng)特種作業(yè)的疾病和生理缺陷,；

(三) 初中及以上學(xué)歷；

(四) 符合相應(yīng)特種作業(yè)需要的其他條件,。

報(bào)考時(shí)間以及考試時(shí)間

不同城市考試時(shí)間不同,。焊工證的報(bào)名時(shí)間是沒(méi)有限定的，在任何時(shí)間都是可以報(bào)名的,，報(bào)名之后需要完成培訓(xùn)才能參加考試,。需要注意的是報(bào)名和培訓(xùn)需要委托給當(dāng)?shù)氐亩c(diǎn)學(xué)校，并且是當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)急管理廳指定的焊工培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu),。每個(gè)月最少兩次考試,，考完3天證書(shū)可查。根據(jù)報(bào)考級(jí)別不同,，下證時(shí)間也會(huì)變化,，一般考后3-6月下證。

科目介紹

焊工理論

1,、焊工安全生產(chǎn)法律法規(guī)與安全管理

2,、熔化焊與熱切割基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

3、熔化焊與熱切割作業(yè)危險(xiǎn)源辨識(shí)

4,、融化焊與熱切割安全用電

5,、化學(xué)品的安全使用

6、熔化焊與熱刀割的防火防爆

7,、熔化焊與熱切割作業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)與防護(hù)

焊工實(shí)操

科目一：安全用具使用

1,、焊條電弧焊勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的選用

2、二氧化碳含勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的選用

3,、環(huán)弧焊勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的選用

4,、氣焊、氣割勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的選用

科目二：安全操作技術(shù)

1,、焊條電弧焊安全操作技術(shù)

2,、二氧化碳焊安全操作技術(shù)

3、鏜弧焊安全操作技術(shù)

4,、氣焊,、氣割安全操作技術(shù)

科目三：作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全隱患排除

判斷作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)存在的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、職業(yè)危害

科目四：作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)急處理

1,、單人徒手心肺復(fù)蘇操作

2,、滅火器的選擇和使用

考試形式介紹

理論考試

100道題，其中60道判斷題,，40道單項(xiàng)選擇題,，每道題1分,。滿分100分80分合格，使用電腦考試,，考試時(shí)間120分鐘,。（理論考試為電腦機(jī)考)

實(shí)操考試

四個(gè)科目，其中科目一：安全用具使用（勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的正確選擇與穿戴,，20分）,；

科目二：安全操作技術(shù)（手工電弧焊、二氧化碳焊,、氬弧焊,、氣焊，抽考其中一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,，氣割必考,，40分）；

科目三：作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全隱患排除（視頻看圖隱患排查,，20分）,；

科目四：作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)急處理（急救與滅火器的選擇與使用，20分）,。

滿分100分80分合格,，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作，考試時(shí)間60分鐘,。

證書(shū)領(lǐng)取

特種作業(yè)操作證有效期為6年,，滿3年需要復(fù)審，滿6年需要換證,。請(qǐng)?jiān)谧C件復(fù)審期或換證期滿前60日內(nèi)回學(xué)校申請(qǐng)復(fù)審換證,。

備考方法

焊工證筆試

焊工考試作為一門(mén)職業(yè)資格考試，理論知識(shí)是是以卷面考試的形式呈現(xiàn)的,， 試題十分專業(yè)化,，這就需要我們積累足夠的知識(shí)與做題量。所以經(jīng)常要刷題,，有句話說(shuō)的好熟能生巧,，考試題目都是在刷題里抽查的。平時(shí)練習(xí)的話可以用云習(xí)App,，免費(fèi),、方便、簡(jiǎn)單,、工種多,、試題多，也可以下載考證寶典，全國(guó)安排考試的,，里面有國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)題庫(kù),，只要多多練習(xí)，通過(guò)率很高,。

焊接的實(shí)際操作考試主要分為手焊工和焊機(jī)操作工的考試,，可以根據(jù)情況來(lái)選定或者有些省份是抽取。抽取內(nèi)容為：焊條電弧焊,、二氧化碳?xì)怏w保護(hù)焊,、氬弧焊及氣焊中的一項(xiàng)。主要就是日常工作中的一些內(nèi)容,，比如說(shuō)能否焊出合格的焊縫,，對(duì)于焊接的操作是否合理,，能否選擇正確的焊接設(shè)備和焊接材料以及焊出圖紙要求的簡(jiǎn)單的一些管件等,，人為因素還是比較大的，換句話說(shuō),，只要焊接的差不多考官都會(huì)給通過(guò)的,。

焊工證實(shí)操

焊條電弧焊

焊條電弧焊是利用手工操作焊條進(jìn)行作業(yè)，通常能夠滿足平焊,、立焊和仰焊等多種施工位置,。由于焊條電弧焊的設(shè)備比較輕便簡(jiǎn)單、操作靈活,，可以適用于任何擁有電源的地方作業(yè),。焊條電弧焊同時(shí)也是最不挑剔的焊接工藝，對(duì)于各種金屬材料,、厚度及結(jié)構(gòu)造型沒(méi)有刁鉆苛刻的要求,。

二氧化碳?xì)怏w保護(hù)焊

二氧化碳?xì)怏w保護(hù)焊簡(jiǎn)稱二保焊，學(xué)名又稱CO焊,。CO具有氧化性,，且CO來(lái)源廣，價(jià)格低,，所以作用于保護(hù)氣體非常合適,。為了保證獲得良好的焊接效果，在焊接過(guò)程中需要考慮設(shè)施設(shè)備,、施工工藝及焊絲選擇等方面,。在目前的焊接領(lǐng)域，CO焊已經(jīng)是黑色金屬材料的最重要焊接方式,，同時(shí),，在工藝上也能夠取代大部分的焊條電弧焊及埋弧焊。

氬弧焊

氬弧焊是升級(jí)版的電弧焊，利用氬氣保護(hù)金屬焊接材料,，在作業(yè)中,，高電流可以讓焊接材料在被焊接材料商熔化形成熔池，達(dá)到冶金結(jié)合的技術(shù),。在高溫?zé)崛酆附拥倪^(guò)程中不斷輸入氬氣,，斷絕了焊接材料和空氣接觸，能夠防止焊材的氧化,，所以對(duì)于銅,、合金。鋁等有色金屬來(lái)說(shuō),，氬弧焊是最為合適的焊接工藝,。

氣焊

氣焊是通過(guò)氣體產(chǎn)生火焰將兩個(gè)材料的接頭熔化部分位置，再添加填充金屬,，等熔池冷卻凝固后,，兩個(gè)材料形成一個(gè)整體的焊接手法。氣焊的工具設(shè)備很簡(jiǎn)單,，通用性比較大,，對(duì)厚度薄,、體量小的焊接材料作業(yè)時(shí)不易燒穿,，在無(wú)電源的情況下也能夠使用，所以氣焊的應(yīng)用環(huán)境相當(dāng)廣泛,，不僅運(yùn)用在在管道和薄壁機(jī)械的制造和安裝,，而且還能運(yùn)用于小體量的機(jī)件和鑄件的修復(fù)。

焊證考試的技巧口訣是焊接人機(jī)料法環(huán),，操作技藝占為先,。手腦合一最重要，切忌浮躁心不專,。右手僵硬是大忌,，內(nèi)旋外旋施時(shí)變?？v橫并進(jìn)三方向,，牢記焊接三要點(diǎn)。焊前組對(duì)按規(guī)范,，焊條質(zhì)優(yōu)且要干,。引燃電弧有技巧，劃擦撞擊可任選等等,。

實(shí)操考核方面,，需要注意的點(diǎn)：

1,、焊接時(shí)焊條的直徑應(yīng)根據(jù)工件的厚度、接頭的形式,、焊接位置和焊接層數(shù),、焊接電流的大小來(lái)選擇

對(duì)于非平焊位置焊和開(kāi)槽多層焊的第一層，應(yīng)使用直徑較小的焊條,；立焊,、水平焊和仰焊使用比平焊更小的電極；厚板使用更厚但不合適的電極 超過(guò)板厚,。

2,、收弧時(shí)注意填滿弧坑

常用的焊縫收弧方法有：圓弧收弧、反復(fù)斷弧和收弧,、收弧外弧重焊收弧等,。當(dāng)一個(gè)焊道完成后，如果立即斷弧,，會(huì)在焊接面下方形成弧坑,；弧坑過(guò)深不僅影響外觀，還會(huì)削弱端部的強(qiáng)度,，容易造成應(yīng)力集中或形成弧坑裂紋,。

3,、引弧方式一般有：劃痕引弧法和直接引弧法

操作時(shí)用力要適中,，行程或行程要干凈利落。否則,，如果引弧動(dòng)作過(guò)快或電極抬高過(guò)高,，難以建立穩(wěn)定的電弧，啟動(dòng)后電弧可能會(huì)熄滅,；如果引弧動(dòng)作過(guò)慢,，電極和工件會(huì)粘在一起，造成長(zhǎng)期短路,。使焊條過(guò)熱發(fā)紅,，引起藥效如果皮膚脫落，則無(wú)法建立穩(wěn)定的電弧,。

4,、對(duì)于大間隙，一般采用三點(diǎn)焊,，并應(yīng)注意焊道的焊接順序

除了鑄鐵嵌件的焊接外,，金屬填料不適合大多數(shù)大型焊接，因?yàn)椴豢杀苊獾貢?huì)出現(xiàn)熔深不足的缺陷,，焊腳的增加會(huì)影響焊件的強(qiáng)度,。

5,、避免磁偏吹

直流電弧最大的缺點(diǎn)是電弧會(huì)被磁吹，導(dǎo)致電弧不穩(wěn)定,，嚴(yán)重時(shí)無(wú)法焊接,，尤其是大電流、深坡口,、角焊,。避免磁偏吹的措施包括：使用交流電源進(jìn)行焊接，正確選擇電纜接入位置,，調(diào)整焊條角度,。

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IC卡版證書(shū)樣本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUrG5hgzQmqaqRLK0uaJheh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"國(guó)家文件明文規(guī)定企業(yè)聘用人員必須持此證,，焊工等級(jí)資格證：俗稱焊工等級(jí)證,，是由人力資源與社會(huì)保障局簡(jiǎn)稱為人社局，也就是以前我們常說(shuō)的勞動(dòng)局頒發(fā)的,。 焊工職業(yè)共設(shè)五個(gè)等級(jí),，分別為：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt9EZQjQ3peSkUz13S3zwuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初級(jí)（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格五級(jí)）中級(jí)（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格四級(jí)）高級(jí)（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格三級(jí)）技師（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格二級(jí)）高級(jí)技師（國(guó)家職業(yè)資格一級(jí)）。這個(gè)證是按照焊接工齡,，技術(shù)水平的因素綜合鑒定的,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTbXHkQjFIEIRrZ8xoEQlze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"報(bào)考條件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyeFIFyp49nVAxxhqjxaWrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一) 年滿18周歲且符合相關(guān)工種規(guī)定的年齡要求,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD6GOuuPQ7bx8TzwKX1Q8od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二) 經(jīng)醫(yī)院體檢合格且無(wú)妨礙從事相應(yīng)特種作業(yè)的疾病和生理缺陷；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuvAE4ZAyAWbIOLEvmDf7fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(三) 初中及以上學(xué)歷,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzt4XtShprqzM3Rvco1fiHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(四) 符合相應(yīng)特種作業(yè)需要的其他條件,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM5FZKPQzKLTO7xoOemhL2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"報(bào)考時(shí)間以及考試時(shí)間","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5krbvqNCrqm8IQUTp3EmKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同城市考試時(shí)間不同。焊工證的報(bào)名時(shí)間是沒(méi)有限定的,，在任何時(shí)間都是可以報(bào)名的,，報(bào)名之后需要完成培訓(xùn)才能參加考試。需要注意的是報(bào)名和培訓(xùn)需要委托給當(dāng)?shù)氐亩c(diǎn)學(xué)校,，并且是當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)急管理廳指定的焊工培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu),。每個(gè)月最少兩次考試，考完3天證書(shū)可查,。根據(jù)報(bào)考級(jí)別不同,，下證時(shí)間也會(huì)變化，一般考后3-6月下證,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX51bL4RQFp1Hgyo5RvgwBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目介紹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyw9qH5RCYhjGKpmc1YX43f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工理論","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAGMdA5JCXLvAAHiQI0oNeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、焊工安全生產(chǎn)法律法規(guī)與安全管理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlQ2swuKQl7jSobe6RBM4Ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、熔化焊與熱切割基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQujfeZUpbVx2UIOYKS86Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、熔化焊與熱切割作業(yè)危險(xiǎn)源辨識(shí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLvwxynz8W7KTvLDEkm1VUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4,、融化焊與熱切割安全用電","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCDfPSIIB4ij1xpv1Ce9Trh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、化學(xué)品的安全使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMO7CdVi1AjUtizJEifwWHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6,、熔化焊與熱刀割的防火防爆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9g5SjKP612q3tKHwb6vnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7,、熔化焊與熱切割作業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)與防護(hù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEWVmTlARILo1jzL9MOTQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工實(shí)操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LI5NTQ23kfVg4ZVwftsQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目一：安全用具使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIxx2I9W9Blitf1ugEt7vU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、焊條電弧焊勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的選用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCaSb00xcNxn1RfYuvzx3yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、二氧化碳含勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的選用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz6VnDlNGG11DGHnbphN4Oo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、環(huán)弧焊勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的選用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw2aOuslR2JPtLqte8Mgewd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4,、氣焊,、氣割勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的選用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG92WpIEfJRoiRwT3rnw73b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目二：安全操作技術(shù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTgLdmrvUFMPzWL35Njk35b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、焊條電弧焊安全操作技術(shù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn16BFZVRlRLnELT8EaZAwbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、二氧化碳焊安全操作技術(shù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWK4EIYD9JHtnVmHobiN6Lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、鏜弧焊安全操作技術(shù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn011gOKQR73JReLEcLh8ric"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、氣焊,、氣割安全操作技術(shù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEttlfoH5pHsuKHRhR2UABb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目三：作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全隱患排除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBfkfiO90sTGQumg9CU2Mjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"判斷作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)存在的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn),、職業(yè)危害","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvzuLYDAWqt9vZbSvxGdDif"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目四：作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)急處理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne1DkM16WRT5PCw64kMG4ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、單人徒手心肺復(fù)蘇操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn55kk3lywXEiuNOyk233Fhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、滅火器的選擇和使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkY6CtUxLUlGlksRO4rLif"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考試形式介紹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMupZXNHBK3RiivTWFbgJQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"理論考試","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwFVuMgbIkoncVMzred6I7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"100道題,，其中60道判斷題，40道單項(xiàng)選擇題,，每道題1分,。滿分100分80分合格,，使用電腦考試，考試時(shí)間120分鐘,。（理論考試為電腦機(jī)考)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9saCtmKnSFw5yMMxojX8vg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"實(shí)操考試","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNIyvUcGBlwJ5GKGf03k2ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四個(gè)科目,，其中科目一：安全用具使用（勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品的正確選擇與穿戴，20分）,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHeygMEuE0eW5Ivm6v1MpNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目二：安全操作技術(shù)（手工電弧焊,、二氧化碳焊、氬弧焊,、氣焊,，抽考其中一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，氣割必考,，40分）,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbSs8z9swLWi5m3Tm6YGhVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目三：作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全隱患排除（視頻看圖隱患排查，20分）,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngtjEXZGO53yDRgtUXq25Wd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目四：作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)急處理（急救與滅火器的選擇與使用,，20分）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6mL8tclRRvpPgMnRWd2fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"滿分100分80分合格,，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作,，考試時(shí)間60分鐘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbVQ80bjVL1oTMPLlL8Av8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"證書(shū)領(lǐng)取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHnh6StuRT9YZ6mwRqvh24g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特種作業(yè)操作證有效期為6年,，滿3年需要復(fù)審,，滿6年需要換證。請(qǐng)?jiān)谧C件復(fù)審期或換證期滿前60日內(nèi)回學(xué)校申請(qǐng)復(fù)審換證,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkZpGmjcQXa2Wm34yBnrose"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":461,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"證書(shū)領(lǐng)取","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5332ac5998bd471a990437b91ca6223b","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnFzyTJHODpNTorzMSQjbtBe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"備考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXcWDCrIQpYPPBm3vQUKJTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工證筆試","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJntQSM26HtDhEJsGjnqgmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工考試作為一門(mén)職業(yè)資格考試,，理論知識(shí)是是以卷面考試的形式呈現(xiàn)的， 試題十分專業(yè)化,，這就需要我們積累足夠的知識(shí)與做題量,。所以經(jīng)常要刷題，有句話說(shuō)的好熟能生巧,，考試題目都是在刷題里抽查的,。平時(shí)練習(xí)的話可以用云習(xí)App，免費(fèi),、方便,、簡(jiǎn)單、工種多,、試題多,，也可以下載考證寶典，全國(guó)安排考試的,，里面有國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)題庫(kù),，只要多多練習(xí),，通過(guò)率很高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcE0nu3JTbqEqRAtRhWq3g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工證筆試","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47915e275dbf4e239a61dc8c94554ee9","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnBZYYVQw3MDBS6tb0mZP66g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊接的實(shí)際操作考試主要分為手焊工和焊機(jī)操作工的考試,，可以根據(jù)情況來(lái)選定或者有些省份是抽取,。抽取內(nèi)容為：焊條電弧焊、二氧化碳?xì)怏w保護(hù)焊,、氬弧焊及氣焊中的一項(xiàng),。主要就是日常工作中的一些內(nèi)容，比如說(shuō)能否焊出合格的焊縫,，對(duì)于焊接的操作是否合理,，能否選擇正確的焊接設(shè)備和焊接材料以及焊出圖紙要求的簡(jiǎn)單的一些管件等，人為因素還是比較大的,，換句話說(shuō),，只要焊接的差不多考官都會(huì)給通過(guò)的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYS9XB8KgdF3PPbjwN7zSKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工證筆試","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b648f950eccc475790e3053946ce6600","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnQ5vNmOkhGZ1dH0PhV46Qxg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工證實(shí)操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLIBhmlcdjJb3z9CXnlZMFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊條電弧焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlUJvQ3X61D8n0Z8RkaD4nQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊條電弧焊是利用手工操作焊條進(jìn)行作業(yè),，通常能夠滿足平焊,、立焊和仰焊等多種施工位置。由于焊條電弧焊的設(shè)備比較輕便簡(jiǎn)單,、操作靈活,，可以適用于任何擁有電源的地方作業(yè)。焊條電弧焊同時(shí)也是最不挑剔的焊接工藝,，對(duì)于各種金屬材料,、厚度及結(jié)構(gòu)造型沒(méi)有刁鉆苛刻的要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1NbIqJECnBoyazgomzmwPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":553,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"焊條電弧焊","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45d2e1f0f95049f283464ff5bfcad210","width":915},"text":"","id":"C8UmdKis0oucEuxkzsucLKrVnvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二氧化碳?xì)怏w保護(hù)焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8o327noxrLek70IC8ixBvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二氧化碳?xì)怏w保護(hù)焊簡(jiǎn)稱二保焊,，學(xué)名又稱CO焊,。CO具有氧化性，且CO來(lái)源廣,，價(jià)格低,，所以作用于保護(hù)氣體非常合適。為了保證獲得良好的焊接效果,，在焊接過(guò)程中需要考慮設(shè)施設(shè)備,、施工工藝及焊絲選擇等方面。在目前的焊接領(lǐng)域,，CO焊已經(jīng)是黑色金屬材料的最重要焊接方式，同時(shí),，在工藝上也能夠取代大部分的焊條電弧焊及埋弧焊,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7zjgHGwUF5irmwvpxjooYg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"氬弧焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAT4JKMqmFeNCYmxHeXiMxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"氬弧焊是升級(jí)版的電弧焊，利用氬氣保護(hù)金屬焊接材料,，在作業(yè)中,，高電流可以讓焊接材料在被焊接材料","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"商","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"熔化形成熔池,，達(dá)到冶金結(jié)合的技術(shù)。在高溫?zé)崛酆附拥倪^(guò)程中不斷輸入氬氣,，斷絕了焊接材料和空氣接觸,，能夠防止焊材的氧化，所以對(duì)于銅,、合金,。鋁等有色金屬來(lái)說(shuō)，氬弧焊是最為合適的焊接工藝,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlyayOp8N78sLHAXS79wnre"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":533,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"氬弧焊","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/919c36c42e314a679a85300ae8ef42b0","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcn0ldcMa1vXa6el64lfefnel"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"氣焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniCKBOznlXBpTdof6dVZL3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"氣焊是通過(guò)氣體產(chǎn)生火焰將兩個(gè)材料的接頭熔化部分位置,，再添加填充金屬，等熔池冷卻凝固后,，兩個(gè)材料形成一個(gè)整體的焊接手法,。氣焊的工具設(shè)備很簡(jiǎn)單，通用性比較大,，對(duì)厚度薄,、體量小的焊接材料作業(yè)時(shí)不易燒穿，在無(wú)電源的情況下也能夠使用,，所以氣焊的應(yīng)用環(huán)境相當(dāng)廣泛,，不僅運(yùn)用在在管道和薄壁機(jī)械的制造和安裝，而且還能運(yùn)用于小體量的機(jī)件和鑄件的修復(fù),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpinDmh0Asi0dR3MKa4OjZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"氣焊","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f704d88df9e14826878d6cbe42f039a7","width":788},"text":"","id":"Fkw8dgoi4oyYeYxELHocBPUsnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊證考試的技巧口訣是焊接人機(jī)料法環(huán),，操作技藝占為先。手腦合一最重要,，切忌浮躁心不專,。右手僵硬是大忌，內(nèi)旋外旋施時(shí)變,?？v橫并進(jìn)三方向，牢記焊接三要點(diǎn),。焊前組對(duì)按規(guī)范,，焊條質(zhì)優(yōu)且要干。引燃電弧有技巧,，劃擦撞擊可任選等等,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX22xLHc5fXtTtYMenUBgHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":497,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"氣焊","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbe167f486da418693afff76397d336b","width":1066},"text":"","id":"doxcn7CrJ2222suBiw4znFZQkae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"實(shí)操考核方面，需要注意的點(diǎn)：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1CESKAwsFPSOv51mX0dGcf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、焊接時(shí)焊條的直徑應(yīng)根據(jù)工件的厚度,、接頭的形式、焊接位置和焊接層數(shù)、焊接電流的大小來(lái)選擇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlzn5tdGqdVV8akwCzJUw5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對(duì)于非平焊位置焊和開(kāi)槽多層焊的第一層,，應(yīng)使用直徑較小的焊條,；立焊、水平焊和仰焊使用比平焊更小的電極,；厚板使用更厚但不合適的電極 超過(guò)板厚,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBiSFpJ4Zy4WrMKrMgeb4kc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、收弧時(shí)注意填滿弧坑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8eiJE0RBUYFgTnyL6sZxgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用的焊縫收弧方法有：圓弧收弧,、反復(fù)斷弧和收弧,、收弧外弧重焊收弧等。當(dāng)一個(gè)焊道完成后,，如果立即斷弧,，會(huì)在焊接面下方形成弧坑；弧坑過(guò)深不僅影響外觀,，還會(huì)削弱端部的強(qiáng)度,，容易造成應(yīng)力集中或形成弧坑裂紋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3n3FS41xbeTZvxydI7dz6t"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、引弧方式一般有：劃痕引弧法和直接引弧法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUWuzqkma6tBKH0ptSSXWjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"操作時(shí)用力要適中,，行程或行程要干凈利落。否則,，如果引弧動(dòng)作過(guò)快或電極抬高過(guò)高,，難以建立穩(wěn)定的電弧，啟動(dòng)后電弧可能會(huì)熄滅,；如果引弧動(dòng)作過(guò)慢,，電極和工件會(huì)粘在一起，造成長(zhǎng)期短路,。使焊條過(guò)熱發(fā)紅,，引起藥效如果皮膚脫落，則無(wú)法建立穩(wěn)定的電弧,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKPQYoYeYoCMKGFHtyW9tSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4,、對(duì)于大間隙，一般采用三點(diǎn)焊,，并應(yīng)注意焊道的焊接順序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ze72xpat4vMMFE4HPaOQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了鑄鐵嵌件的焊接外,，金屬填料不適合大多數(shù)大型焊接，因?yàn)椴豢杀苊獾貢?huì)出現(xiàn)熔深不足的缺陷,，焊腳的增加會(huì)影響焊件的強(qiáng)度,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfjYnj152tPLjJvGXqdeMks"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、避免磁偏吹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UOyelKqKiDp8d3187Rwfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直流電弧最大的缺點(diǎn)是電弧會(huì)被磁吹,，導(dǎo)致電弧不穩(wěn)定,，嚴(yán)重時(shí)無(wú)法焊接，尤其是大電流,、深坡口,、角焊。避免磁偏吹的措施包括：使用交流電源進(jìn)行焊接,，正確選擇電纜接入位置,，調(diào)整焊條角度,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26R6Q22l6wsmP0XbZDxwUe"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

5. lng槽車(chē)卸車(chē)視頻講解

換車(chē)的下口可裝車(chē)操作時(shí),，他是有一個(gè)型號(hào)一樣的卡套，把他擰轉(zhuǎn)卡住

6. lng的卸液流程視頻

自從液晶電視上市以來(lái),，逐漸受到了人們的喜愛(ài),，很多人家里都安裝了液晶電視,。和普遍的電視機(jī)相比，液晶電視比較省電,、較為環(huán)保,。但是對(duì)于電器來(lái)說(shuō)，使用久了,，出現(xiàn)故障也在所難免,，那么該如何維修呢？

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

組成結(jié)構(gòu)

液晶電視機(jī)的組成原理,，大體有4個(gè)主要功能模塊電源板,，電視主板，邏輯板,，背光模塊,，以及屏線，遙控器,，按鍵輸入和喇叭輸出,。

電源板

顧名思義，電源板負(fù)責(zé)整臺(tái)電視的供電,。功能好比人的心臟,，給人全身輸送能量。如果電源板壞了,，就像人的心臟停止跳動(dòng),，電視機(jī)自然就不能工作了。

很多黑屏,，背光不亮,，指示燈不亮，遙控按鍵不起作用等現(xiàn)象都是因?yàn)殡娫窗骞收弦稹?/p>

電視主板

電視主板是整個(gè)電視機(jī)控制的核心,，也可以說(shuō)是電視的大腦,。

如果電視主板出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，可能導(dǎo)致指示燈不亮、或者指示燈顏色異常,、遙控按鍵無(wú)響應(yīng),、黑屏、花屏等現(xiàn)象,。

邏輯板

邏輯板也稱TCON板,，是信號(hào)中轉(zhuǎn)站。負(fù)責(zé)將主板的LVDS信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成屏能處理的TCON信號(hào),。

如果TCON壞了,，可能導(dǎo)致畫(huà)面黑屏，花屏,，條紋干擾,，屏閃，屏保等異?，F(xiàn)象,。

背光模塊

背光模塊的功能是給電視機(jī)顯示提供背光光源。

如果電視背光不亮,，很有可能是背光模塊出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題,。

LVDS信號(hào)線

屏線，又稱差分信號(hào)線,。如果接口松動(dòng),，接觸不良，很容易導(dǎo)致黑屏,，雪花點(diǎn)干擾,，花屏等異常現(xiàn)象,。

注意：4K電視,，因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)量大，LVDS信號(hào)線已無(wú)法滿足傳輸要求,，一般都采用V-BY-ONE的信號(hào)線傳輸,。

遙控接收頭

遙控接收頭，也稱IR,，負(fù)責(zé)接收遙控器的紅外控制信號(hào),。如果按遙控器沒(méi)有反應(yīng)，可能是遙控接收頭出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,。

按鍵板

如果遙控器可以正常操作,，但按鍵板不起作用，估計(jì)是按鍵板或者相關(guān)電路壞了,。

三合一板卡

將背光模塊,，電源板和電視主板集合到一塊板卡上,，俗稱三合一板卡。將背光模塊,，電源板和電視主板集合到一塊板卡上,，俗稱三合一板卡。

隨著產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范化,，電視模塊將越來(lái)越簡(jiǎn)化,。目前市面上的電視,，里面的模塊基本都簡(jiǎn)化成兩片電路了,，一塊三合一主板加一片邏輯板。

工作原理

如上圖,，紅色的箭頭是供電電路,，藍(lán)色的箭頭是信號(hào)電路。

電源板負(fù)責(zé)將220V交流電壓轉(zhuǎn)換成各個(gè)模塊工作所需的直流電壓,；

電視主板負(fù)責(zé)處理按鍵信號(hào),，響應(yīng)遙控器信號(hào)；

控制電源板開(kāi)關(guān),，直接或間接控制背光模塊,；

接收各類視頻信號(hào)，圖像轉(zhuǎn)化成LVDS信號(hào)輸送給邏輯板,；

聲音信號(hào)輸出到喇叭,；

邏輯板主要功能是將電視主板輸出的LVDS信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成液晶屏能處理的TCON信號(hào)；

背光模塊負(fù)責(zé)給背光燈條供電,。

維修常用工具

螺絲刀

螺絲刀是工具,，分手動(dòng)或電動(dòng)，用于旋擰（安裝）和旋松（除去）螺釘,。

鑷子鉗

夾持導(dǎo)線,、元件及集成電路引腳等。

萬(wàn)用表

,，萬(wàn)用表又稱為復(fù)用表,、多用表、三用表,、繁用表等,，是電力電子等部門(mén)不可缺少的測(cè)量?jī)x表，一般以測(cè)量電壓,、電流和電阻為主要目的,。

示波器

示波器是一種用途十分廣泛的電子測(cè)量?jī)x器。它能把肉眼看不見(jiàn)的電信號(hào)變換成看得見(jiàn)的圖像,，便于人們研究各種電現(xiàn)象的變化過(guò)程,。

溫度可調(diào)熱風(fēng)槍

熱風(fēng)槍主要是利用發(fā)熱電阻絲的槍芯吹出的熱風(fēng)來(lái)對(duì)元件進(jìn)行焊接與摘取元件的工具,。

電烙鐵

電烙鐵是電子制作和電器維修的必備工具，主要用途是焊接元件及導(dǎo)線,。

錫絲

錫絲的特質(zhì)是具有一定的長(zhǎng)度與直徑的錫合金絲,，在電子原器件的焊接中可與電烙鐵或激光配合使用。

維修技巧

基本維修的方法

直觀法

肉眼觀察燒黑的地方,，看有無(wú)連接線松動(dòng)及元器件擊穿的情況,。

觸摸法

用手觸摸關(guān)鍵部件，觀察供電部分發(fā)熱情況(數(shù)字板),，特別是對(duì)老化幾小時(shí)后出現(xiàn)的軟故障情況比較實(shí)用,。

問(wèn)題法

了解故障出現(xiàn)的具體狀態(tài)(比如雷擊、打火,、冒煙,、積水及以及人為操作等)。

測(cè)量法

使用萬(wàn)用表,、示波器測(cè)量(有些情況可用指針式萬(wàn)用表交流來(lái)代替示波器測(cè)量一些普通的信號(hào)),。

代換法

有條件的情況下，可以代換電源板,，數(shù)字板,，高頻板，背光板,，屏,，LVDS數(shù)據(jù)線，軟件等,，這種方法維修快,。

排除法

縮小檢修范圍，準(zhǔn)確判斷故障位置(如信號(hào)源部分,、信號(hào)通道部分),。

邏輯檢修法

該方法要求對(duì)所修板件的信號(hào)流程、電源邏輯關(guān)系非常熟悉,，可以確定維修的順序：是先從后級(jí)向前級(jí)檢修,，還是單一通道向公共通道檢修等等。

滿足法

先大體確定故障部位后,，再檢修部分電路的工作條件是否滿足(特殊情況下可人為制造工作條件),。

對(duì)比法

條件允許的情況下，可以對(duì)比好的板件進(jìn)行檢修,，也可以對(duì)比同一板件上相同的電路(對(duì)稱電路)來(lái)進(jìn)行檢修,。

先軟件后硬件

軟件涉及的故障范圍廣，但是需要檢修的范圍小,，對(duì)于一些軟故障,，建議先升級(jí)軟件,。

初步檢修流程

維修口訣

液晶維修并不難，工作原理記心間,；

電壓來(lái)自電源板,，亮度來(lái)自背光源；

信號(hào)處理機(jī)芯板,，顯示分配控制板,；

5V供電最勤勞，一年四季歇不了,；

12V供給機(jī)芯板,，中放功放向它看；

24V送到背光板,，無(wú)它屏幕缺光源,；

機(jī)芯板子是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)向它要,；

電源模塊背光板,，電平高開(kāi)（機(jī)）低關(guān),；

PWM脈沖很重要，少了亮度提不高,；

LVDS線要求高,，變質(zhì)松動(dòng)有干擾；

液晶電視不普通,，程序經(jīng)常鬧罷工,；

三天兩天發(fā)神經(jīng)，需要復(fù)位來(lái)擺平,；

液晶屏幕很脆弱，要維修時(shí)細(xì)（心）操作

平板維修費(fèi)用高,，學(xué)好技術(shù)很辛勞；

賺錢(qián)固然很重要,，安全二字記心牢,。

常見(jiàn)故障分析

顯示器整機(jī)無(wú)電

1、電源故障

這是一個(gè)應(yīng)該說(shuō)是非常簡(jiǎn)單的故障,，一般的液晶顯示器分機(jī)內(nèi)電源和機(jī)外電源兩種,，機(jī)外的常見(jiàn)一些,。不論那種電源，易損的一般是一些小元件,，象保險(xiǎn)管、整流橋,、300V濾波電容,、電源開(kāi)關(guān)管、電源管理IC,、整流輸出二極管,、濾波電容等。這些常用的芯片在專業(yè)液晶配件店里都能買(mǎi)到,。

2,、驅(qū)動(dòng)板故障

驅(qū)動(dòng)板燒保險(xiǎn)或者是穩(wěn)壓芯片出現(xiàn)故障，有部分機(jī)器是把開(kāi)關(guān)電源內(nèi)置,，輸出兩組電源,，其中一組是5V，供信號(hào)處理用,，另外一組是12V提供高壓板點(diǎn)背光用,，如果開(kāi)關(guān)電源部分電路出現(xiàn)了故障會(huì)有可能導(dǎo)致兩組電源均沒(méi)輸出先查12V電壓正常否，跟著查5V電壓正常否,，因?yàn)锳/D驅(qū)動(dòng)板的MCU芯片的工作電壓是5V,，所以查找開(kāi)不了機(jī)的故障時(shí)，先用萬(wàn)用表測(cè)量5V電壓,，如果沒(méi)有5V電壓或者5V電壓變得很低,，那么一種可能是電源電路輸入級(jí)出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，也就是說(shuō)12V轉(zhuǎn)換到5V的電源部分出了問(wèn)題,，這種故障很常見(jiàn)檢查5端穩(wěn)壓塊(常見(jiàn)型號(hào)8050SD-LM2596-AIC15-01等),。

另一種可能就是5V的負(fù)載加重了，把5V電壓拉得很低,，換一種說(shuō)法就是說(shuō),，后級(jí)的信號(hào)處理電路出了問(wèn)題，有部分電路損壞,，引起負(fù)載加重,，把5V電壓拉得很低，逐一排查后級(jí)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的元件,，替換掉出現(xiàn)故障的元件后,，5V能恢復(fù)正常，故障一般就此解決,，也經(jīng)常遇到5V電壓恢復(fù)正常后還不能正常開(kāi)機(jī)的,，這種情況也有多種原因,，一方面是MCU的程序被沖掉可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致不開(kāi)機(jī)。還有就是MCU本身?yè)p壞,，比如說(shuō)MCU的I/O口損壞,，使MCU掃描不了按鍵，遇到這種由MCU引起的故障,，找硬件的問(wèn)題是沒(méi)有用的,，就算你換了MCU也解決不了問(wèn)題，因?yàn)镸CU是需要編程和寫(xiě)碼的,，在沒(méi)辦法找到原廠的AD驅(qū)動(dòng)板替換的情況下,，我們只能用通用A/D驅(qū)動(dòng)板代換如151D或161B等。

顯示屏黑屏,，無(wú)背光,，電源燈綠燈常亮

斜視液晶屏有顯示圖像，是因?yàn)镸CU問(wèn)題造成沒(méi)有輸出開(kāi)關(guān)控制電壓,，可以直接提取3端穩(wěn)壓塊的,。

(AIC1084)3.3V代替，修理高壓板的思路(電源保險(xiǎn)絲--開(kāi)關(guān)控制管--電源管理IC--推挽發(fā)大管--電源開(kāi)關(guān)管--DA轉(zhuǎn)換電路(儲(chǔ)能電感整流管)--LC升壓電路(升壓變壓器,、升壓電容)--耦合電容--燈管,。

屏幕亮線，亮帶或者是暗線

這種問(wèn)題,，一般是液晶屏的故障。

亮線故障一般是連接液晶屏本體的排線出了問(wèn)題或者某行和列的驅(qū)動(dòng)IC損壞

暗線一般是屏的本體有漏電,，或者TAB柔性板連線開(kāi)路以上兩種問(wèn)題基本上就是給機(jī)器判了死刑了,，沒(méi)有維修價(jià)值的，因?yàn)橐粔K屏的價(jià)格太高了,。(廣州有專門(mén)更換碼片的,，收費(fèi)極高，返修率也高),。

花屏或者是白屏

這種問(wèn)題一般是屏的驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓出了問(wèn)題,，先換驅(qū)動(dòng)板和驅(qū)屏線試驗(yàn)，若不行檢查屏背板供電電路,。

維修思路：驅(qū)動(dòng)板5V轉(zhuǎn)3.3V的穩(wěn)壓塊(AIC1084)是否有供電輸出--屏體驅(qū)動(dòng)板保險(xiǎn)絲(F)-3.3V--DC轉(zhuǎn)換電路--負(fù)壓形成IC(-7V)--行列驅(qū)動(dòng)IC,。

AAT1101AM150XN05屏電源管理芯片，損壞后表現(xiàn)為白屏開(kāi)機(jī)圖像暗淡等,。

AAT1164M170EG01新款屏通病,，主要用在明基FP71G+液晶顯示器上面。用一段時(shí)間會(huì)白屏,、關(guān)機(jī)在開(kāi)用一段時(shí)間又出現(xiàn)白屏,。本芯片為液晶屏高壓產(chǎn)生及管理芯片,、明基液晶顯示器常壞、故障為：白屏,。

偏色故障

一般可以進(jìn)入工廠調(diào)整模式進(jìn)行調(diào)整,。

維修思路：更換屏線和轉(zhuǎn)接板--重寫(xiě)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序--驅(qū)動(dòng)板壞(不常見(jiàn))--屏背板的控制IC壞(不常見(jiàn))--拔掉屏線觀察背光顏色(背光偏色為燈管老化)--換燈管。

字符虛或拖尾

維修思路：檢查VGA信號(hào)線,，重點(diǎn)看RGB三色線的地線是否連接正常--更換屏線或轉(zhuǎn)接板--重寫(xiě)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序--換驅(qū)動(dòng)板--LCD屏背板信號(hào)接口 IC壞--LCD屏背板對(duì)比度電位器調(diào)整--LCD屏導(dǎo)光板錯(cuò)位--偏光片錯(cuò)位,。

LCD屏幕內(nèi)部有污點(diǎn)

維修思路：擦拭或更換換保護(hù)膜--拆開(kāi)屏體清洗外層偏光片和有機(jī)玻璃(用棉球純凈水處理)--風(fēng)筒吹干。

LCD屏漏光或光線不均

維修思路:重新安裝燈管--調(diào)整導(dǎo)光板,。

LCD屏亮點(diǎn)

一個(gè)或二個(gè)大的亮點(diǎn),，可以嘗試輕輕用指尖壓亮點(diǎn)，可消失,說(shuō)明多為此像素的開(kāi)關(guān)管和電極虛連小的黑點(diǎn)和灰點(diǎn)有可能是內(nèi)部導(dǎo)光板或偏光片有灰塵造成可清洗處理,。

LCD屏亮度低

檢查高壓板ADJ亮度調(diào)節(jié)電路--換燈管--換高壓板---調(diào)整或更換導(dǎo)光板,。

錯(cuò)誤提示超出頻率范圍

檢查信號(hào)線--重寫(xiě)MCU驅(qū)動(dòng)程序--更換EPROM--重寫(xiě)EPROM程序--換驅(qū)動(dòng)板。

通電后不按開(kāi)關(guān)按鍵即白屏,，出現(xiàn)背光按鍵后圖像可正常顯示

高壓板接口的開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)和ADJ信號(hào)反接造成部分屬于驅(qū)動(dòng)板MCU的開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)輸出不正常,，可以重寫(xiě)MCU程序修復(fù)--換MCU。

補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn),，對(duì)于燈管老化的屏更換時(shí)要搞清燈管的尺寸,，因?yàn)楸M管屏幕尺寸一樣，但是燈管長(zhǎng)度與粗細(xì)略有差異,，在找不到相同尺寸燈管的時(shí)候,，如果能用短燈則好，如果不能使用,，稍長(zhǎng)的的燈管用手術(shù)刀小心切除屏框,，并用熱縮管做好絕緣。

注意事項(xiàng)

電視機(jī)是有電高壓的一種電器,，維修時(shí)有關(guān)的安全問(wèn)題一定要注意,。

1、打開(kāi)機(jī)殼：要注意不能用蠻力打開(kāi)機(jī)殼,，如果太緊打不開(kāi),，一定是還有螺釘或卡扣沒(méi)有松開(kāi)，要再仔細(xì)找找,；拉開(kāi)機(jī)殼時(shí)有的電視機(jī)電路板與機(jī)殼之間會(huì)有電線相連,，要注意不要拉壞，比較好先折下機(jī)殼上固定的電路板,；拉開(kāi)機(jī)殼時(shí)要拿穩(wěn)機(jī)殼,，不要脫手掉下，否則容易砸到顯像管管徑，一旦砸斷可就麻煩了,。

2,、要注意電視機(jī)的“熱地”：有的電視機(jī)的電路板的地是“熱地”，就是與市電沒(méi)有隔離,，如果恰巧電視機(jī)的電源插頭又將未隔離的電視機(jī)的“地”端插到市電的“火”線上,，那么維修時(shí)如果你不小心碰到電視機(jī)的某個(gè)接“地”的部分，就有觸電的危險(xiǎn),。一方面觸電本身很危險(xiǎn),，另一方面人在觸電時(shí)身體會(huì)發(fā)生不由自主的痙攣，一旦把電視機(jī)拉到地上,，就又出大麻煩了,。解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題比較好是用隔離變壓器，如果沒(méi)有,，比較好在電視機(jī)通電時(shí)能調(diào)整好插頭方向,，使電視機(jī)的“地”接到市電的“零”線上，這樣可以使電視機(jī)比較容易碰到的地方不“電”人,，但是電視機(jī)里還是有與“火”線相連的強(qiáng)電的,，仍然要小心。

3,、要注意電視機(jī)內(nèi)的高壓：在更換行輸出變壓器的時(shí)候,，一定要用萬(wàn)用表筆或其它導(dǎo)線將顯像管高壓帽下的高壓泄放干凈，否則在摘下高壓連線時(shí)會(huì)受到高壓電擊,，同樣比較危險(xiǎn),。

如何保養(yǎng)

1、保持干燥

放置的中央,，環(huán)境要保持干燥并遠(yuǎn)離化學(xué)藥品,。假如放置環(huán)境濕度很大，電器內(nèi)部就會(huì)結(jié)露,，容易形成漏電、短路等,。平常使用的發(fā)膠,、滅蚊劑等都是高揮發(fā)性化學(xué)品，也會(huì)對(duì)液晶顯現(xiàn)屏形成損傷,。

2,、亮度調(diào)低

日常使用，盡量防止長(zhǎng)時(shí)間顯現(xiàn)同一張畫(huà)面,。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作容易惹起內(nèi)部老化或燒壞,，特別糟糕的是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)顯現(xiàn)同一畫(huà)面，可能會(huì)招致某些像素過(guò)熱，形成內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生壞點(diǎn),。而這種損壞不能修復(fù),。因而不用時(shí)應(yīng)該關(guān)閉顯現(xiàn)屏或選擇屏幕保護(hù)程序，或者把顯現(xiàn)屏亮度調(diào)低點(diǎn),。

3,、不能頻繁清洗

液晶顯現(xiàn)屏不能頻繁清洗。正確的清潔辦法是拿一塊沾有少許玻璃清潔劑的屏幕擦布,，輕力把污跡擦去,。注意不要讓清潔劑流到屏幕、屏框接口中,，以免出現(xiàn)短路,。也不要用硬質(zhì)毛巾擦洗，以免刮花屏幕,。還要定時(shí)定量擦洗,。

4、制止壞習(xí)氣

杜絕使用壞習(xí)氣,。不要用手對(duì)屏幕指指點(diǎn)點(diǎn),。此外變壓器電壓很高，不要在帶電的狀況下翻開(kāi)屏的后蓋,。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自從液晶電視上市以來(lái),，逐漸受到了人們的喜愛(ài)，很多人家里都安裝了液晶電視,。和普遍的電視機(jī)相比,，液晶電視比較省電、較為環(huán)保,。但是對(duì)于電器來(lái)說(shuō),，使用久了，出現(xiàn)故障也在所難免,，那么該如何維修呢,？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WW8Ide2aGoiCgsxk5encV6gvnkh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zg4sdAmW0oa0Gsx50oLcYGQdnbR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"組成結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2qyduGcyoGOuAxkbcycCbuBnlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶電視機(jī)的組成原理，大體有4個(gè)主要功能模塊電源板,，電視主板,，邏輯板，背光模塊,，以及屏線,，遙控器，按鍵輸入和喇叭輸出,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqSOdSGksoKCkkxgjdpc8VC0nEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"組成結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d49597eb3f2f458fb1aacdb8bcdbef9c","width":600},"text":"","id":"KIuGduc4Yo64sGxgDHGcyS0Hnog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電源板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCcadCGASoIKKaxI1gYcygzZnoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":382,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"電源板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33c208a51667444093165fd7f535bdad","width":640},"text":"","id":"N8OodMuAWo6Y0kxgTEac2Ntdnic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顧名思義,，電源板負(fù)責(zé)整臺(tái)電視的供電,。功能好比人的心臟，給人全身輸送能量,。如果電源板壞了,，就像人的心臟停止跳動(dòng)，電視機(jī)自然就不能工作了,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E2y2dAoKqo22aoxkhhmcxKcinxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多黑屏,，背光不亮，指示燈不亮,，遙控按鍵不起作用等現(xiàn)象都是因?yàn)殡娫窗骞收弦稹?#34;,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6S2dK66Uos0mCx6PqTc7rRPnIe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電視主板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om6gd4siSo44U6xyplZcfDDQnzX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電視主板是整個(gè)電視機(jī)控制的核心,，也可以說(shuō)是電視的大腦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQWQd2WKgoEWIExa0EecUNIln8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果電視主板出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,，可能導(dǎo)致指示燈不亮,、或者指示燈顏色異常、遙控按鍵無(wú)響應(yīng),、黑屏,、花屏等現(xiàn)象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OyS4dCMsKoCkwSx8w6qcWrSFnCc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BAA0dYS4ko8GaExOAlwcSMQzn3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a2ec3b6487a474bb0572cd6b41a6a41","width":476},"text":"","id":"ZgksdK60koWCCuxANPMcX2Ijnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GKWadUmOWoQK6cxQbUoclY8cn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯板也稱TCON板,，是信號(hào)中轉(zhuǎn)站,。負(fù)責(zé)將主板的LVDS信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成屏能處理的TCON信號(hào)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQKCd4EUoooEGwxwV6EcWW8EnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果TCON壞了,，可能導(dǎo)致畫(huà)面黑屏,，花屏，條紋干擾,，屏閃,，屏保等異常現(xiàn)象,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nwyud4k2moy8w0xMfDUcsxd2nYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模塊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W0iudm0eMosGogxEnR0cFf7unhh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":376,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模塊","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0a58b74bfb149388085b7d3c065f517","width":640},"text":"","id":"DkCCdyq0eoGMsWxGg10cl1h3nue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模塊的功能是給電視機(jī)顯示提供背光光源,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgqgdA6eSoamscxGkTEcrEuhn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果電視背光不亮，很有可能是背光模塊出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEMsdQsKaoEuyGxMx62cer6vn8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LVDS信號(hào)線","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KesmdsScsoMkAaxUZkacXFfanwf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":174,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LVDS信號(hào)線","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2f5112c462f4d7689d15cca1b1d7274","width":288},"text":"","id":"IG2edW4gAoimeMx1qfDc7n8EnbS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QM0odQQqaoIgYkxmu1Nc6e2hn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"屏線,，又稱差分信號(hào)線。如果接口松動(dòng),，接觸不良,，很容易導(dǎo)致黑屏，雪花點(diǎn)干擾,，花屏等異常現(xiàn)象,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EcUMdCeuMoMgs8x2v7Nc6yronId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：4K電視,，因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)量大，LVDS信號(hào)線已無(wú)法滿足傳輸要求，一般都采用V-BY-ONE的信號(hào)線傳輸,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HwyGdSIWkoKoiUx06WXcQbkUnOc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"遙控接收頭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8OCduQagoGUkmxCK1hc1UlanHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"遙控接收頭","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81b73b4097b34fa7bd7d91fc61b8ffbe","width":640},"text":"","id":"K2iYdKs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,"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排除法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OMYCd0CGaoKqkMx2nPGc99ZpnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"縮小檢修范圍,，準(zhǔn)確判斷故障位置(如信號(hào)源部分、信號(hào)通道部分),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqaOdCuYWoUQAMx6Pg6cCWzkn8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯檢修法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BG2mdi66GoaKW6xcZV7c0EyMned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"該方法要求對(duì)所修板件的信號(hào)流程,、電源邏輯關(guān)系非常熟悉,，可以確定維修的順序：是先從后級(jí)向前級(jí)檢修，還是單一通道向公共通道檢修等等,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cokud4O2qoUuouxa4Ubc5sjRnuf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滿足法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGs6dCqQ2oQ00kxGvWKcnAObnRV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先大體確定故障部位后,，再檢修部分電路的工作條件是否滿足(特殊情況下可人為制造工作條件)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V06YdMuwWoyaGQxszCvcTGGuncf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"對(duì)比法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CKw4d6Qgeo0gwoxkp5pcBtQBnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"條件允許的情況下,，可以對(duì)比好的板件進(jìn)行檢修,，也可以對(duì)比同一板件上相同的電路(對(duì)稱電路)來(lái)進(jìn)行檢修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ku4ydaGiooyQoGx6xBPcyrdvn3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"先軟件后硬件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6eOdwQu2okcSix6QYGcdHa5nnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"軟件涉及的故障范圍廣,，但是需要檢修的范圍小,，對(duì)于一些軟故障，建議先升級(jí)軟件,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWw4dMEiQoW2AkxSG5vcacnxnId"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"初步檢修流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgYidI6KWoGk6Cx8gO4cu8cgnAc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"初步檢修流程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e2cbe3f472a42f688eec69e25fecdc6","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Za6kd8yo0oA68qxAZbXcgu39nZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修口訣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QK2sdCQgiouQMIxUrDQccHbjnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶維修并不難,，工作原理記心間；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RMEcdw4qgoImGsxKwkLcLf4QnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電壓來(lái)自電源板,，亮度來(lái)自背光源,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SSkkduO8YoekY6xC8n3cwsoGnkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"信號(hào)處理機(jī)芯板，顯示分配控制板,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEAydai2UoqcQ8xktpWc0AyXnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5V供電最勤勞,，一年四季歇不了；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YuWadgeMYoSO8uxIN5icN7uInLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12V供給機(jī)芯板,，中放功放向它看,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SoYAdy0S0oigGSxy0q0cSwYgnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"24V送到背光板，無(wú)它屏幕缺光源,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEC8d0kKUoaqc6xmuFScMjUsnJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"機(jī)芯板子是領(lǐng)導(dǎo),，開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)向它要；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgiudCKWuoA0ccxAtjjcJDSwnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電源模塊背光板,，電平高開(kāi)（機(jī)）低關(guān),；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEe2d4SWooee2cxAddQchfRQn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PWM脈沖很重要，少了亮度提不高,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FCkadcCw4oOca4xoLn3cSd9bnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"LVDS線要求高,，變質(zhì)松動(dòng)有干擾；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QMgkdAEQko4k0oxaMh5citB7nWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶電視不普通,，程序經(jīng)常鬧罷工,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KuOUdO4Ueo4WeCxWUNgcZnqjnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三天兩天發(fā)神經(jīng),，需要復(fù)位來(lái)擺平；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IYKMdmk8Ao6McCxY9AKcveD1nOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶屏幕很脆弱,，要維修時(shí)細(xì)（心）操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N20edYIGSoeU0mxSLz2cZd8fnJx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平板維修費(fèi)用高,，學(xué)好技術(shù)很辛勞；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUc0dkSu2ocAQ2xSErXcV4MTnLa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"賺錢(qián)固然很重要,，安全二字記心牢,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LcOidycYUoKeS6xq08bcrHRtnzh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcQMduk84ooUUGxu8DwcxEA0nPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"顯示器整機(jī)無(wú)電","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C0Egds8a0oC0ikxC4HYcame9nKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、電源故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AWgsdo628oMIKaxs7lfcQigfnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一個(gè)應(yīng)該說(shuō)是非常簡(jiǎn)單的故障,，一般的液晶顯示器分機(jī)內(nèi)電源和機(jī)外電源兩種,，機(jī)外的常見(jiàn)一些。不論那種電源,，易損的一般是一些小元件,，象保險(xiǎn)管、整流橋,、300V濾波電容,、電源開(kāi)關(guān)管、電源管理IC,、整流輸出二極管,、濾波電容等。這些常用的芯片在專業(yè)液晶配件店里都能買(mǎi)到,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hg40di4uGoEwkAx0yGNcoySondc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":644,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"顯示器整機(jī)無(wú)電","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/larg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IC壞--LCD屏背板對(duì)比度電位器調(diào)整--LCD屏導(dǎo)光板錯(cuò)位--偏光片錯(cuò)位,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0KUdse84ouMuQxGGovcCqUWnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字符虛或拖尾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49e51c98340e47e8b7bfb8076eb3684a","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Dyu2dmkEsoSiimxyOIScRdQ8nHh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏幕內(nèi)部有污點(diǎn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WIyKdkuCuoI2MqxSkyZcRKEcnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修思路：擦拭或更換換保護(hù)膜--拆開(kāi)屏體清洗外層偏光片和有機(jī)玻璃(用棉球純凈水處理)--風(fēng)筒吹干。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ygi2dkiY4oO6sExAXsycPzo6nSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏幕內(nèi)部有污點(diǎn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3411022d6b21474aa77b1f139bcb0fcf","width":1119},"text":"","id":"EAUGdQi4yoaaY4xEFqIcBxQrnKd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏漏光或光線不均","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O4KWdaCcio8gqGxuGtWcl6ktnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"維修思路:重新安裝燈管--調(diào)整導(dǎo)光板,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgYMdOAgOosEU8xu8BJclmLjnqg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏漏光或光線不均","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4f1fae90dd7f4885875a98b12d344c37","width":862},"text":"","id":"KaA2dmCEQocMuwxaEhlcgUhwnKd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮點(diǎn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQE0dwIycoAK2ax2hmVc4DIWn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一個(gè)或二個(gè)大的亮點(diǎn),，可以嘗試輕輕用指尖壓亮點(diǎn)，可消失,說(shuō)明多為此像素的開(kāi)關(guān)管和電極虛連小的黑點(diǎn)和灰點(diǎn)有可能是內(nèi)部導(dǎo)光板或偏光片有灰塵造成可清洗處理,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BCQUdoykSoGQcAxh5gQcr7XenxI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮點(diǎn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39e02217bd5d47d88ba8642545866e1b","width":1080},"text":"","id":"CEgKd8sgWosqEmxG8gBcswkynme"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮度低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOQmdYWuioG6KExmKzJcaD6anVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"檢查高壓板ADJ亮度調(diào)節(jié)電路--換燈管--換高壓板---調(diào)整或更換導(dǎo)光板,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PIgCdkW6eoKeEAxA1K6cYRjknzh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮度低","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f309cae5554291ad52f0a37e78fa36","width":1080},"text":"","id":"PMYMdWGmqoKiQMxUzJ5cZG7bnBf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"錯(cuò)誤提示超出頻率范圍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UKkGdaY0UoYoeKx0AVLcATRRnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"檢查信號(hào)線--重寫(xiě)MCU驅(qū)動(dòng)程序--更換EPROM--重寫(xiě)EPROM程序--換驅(qū)動(dòng)板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAEMd8Mywom02Ox6f52cPjNondb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"錯(cuò)誤提示超出頻率范圍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddcfcfe2eef44b059d28fdf4aff6f628","width":1024},"text":"","id":"QoYidAMsMo2gk4xye2Bchj7nn0f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通電后不按開(kāi)關(guān)按鍵即白屏,，出現(xiàn)背光按鍵后圖像可正常顯示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OqYsdU2e6oCMuuxGCkRcnqnpnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高壓板接口的開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)和ADJ信號(hào)反接造成部分屬于驅(qū)動(dòng)板MCU的開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)輸出不正常,，可以重寫(xiě)MCU程序修復(fù)--換MCU。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOw0dACO4oKkYIxeQAFcx3sfnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn),，對(duì)于燈管老化的屏更換時(shí)要搞清燈管的尺寸，因?yàn)楸M管屏幕尺寸一樣,，但是燈管長(zhǎng)度與粗細(xì)略有差異,，在找不到相同尺寸燈管的時(shí)候，如果能用短燈則好,，如果不能使用,，稍長(zhǎng)的的燈管用手術(shù)刀小心切除屏框，并用熱縮管做好絕緣,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyU8dEUCaoUWygxc98xcWNPknee"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":483,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通電后不按開(kāi)關(guān)按鍵即白屏,，出現(xiàn)背光按鍵后圖像可正常顯示","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e69eef55771b48e7bbf6ebcdc5b0165c","width":725},"text":"","id":"FkEQdQikyouEcMx2xS3chyPon8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GAsmd4agGouIk2x43LCc4WoTnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電視機(jī)是有電高壓的一種電器,，維修時(shí)有關(guān)的安全問(wèn)題一定要注意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YCaIdiMsSogi28xUdokcdns6nng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、打開(kāi)機(jī)殼：要注意不能用蠻力打開(kāi)機(jī)殼,，如果太緊打不開(kāi)，一定是還有螺釘或卡扣沒(méi)有松開(kāi),，要再仔細(xì)找找,；拉開(kāi)機(jī)殼時(shí)有的電視機(jī)電路板與機(jī)殼之間會(huì)有電線相連，要注意不要拉壞,，比較好先折下機(jī)殼上固定的電路板,；拉開(kāi)機(jī)殼時(shí)要拿穩(wěn)機(jī)殼，不要脫手掉下,，否則容易砸到顯像管管徑,，一旦砸斷可就麻煩了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG2KdeSkco0eAKxIN1TcdXBFneg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":888,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/to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