1. 海洋石油661船

　　錦州港 　　錦州港是經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)的一類開放口岸及遼西地區(qū)唯一的對(duì)外開放港口,，錦州港全年無臺(tái)風(fēng)襲擾,，冬季凍而不封,。錦州港是遼西及內(nèi)蒙古東部地區(qū)內(nèi)外物資重要集散地之一,，是黑龍江和吉林西部廣大區(qū)域物資中轉(zhuǎn)最經(jīng)濟(jì)和便捷的出?？谥弧?　　錦州港的貨物集疏條件目前主要通過鐵路和公路。港區(qū)內(nèi)一條長6，566米的鐵路直通前沿碼頭,后方直接與沈山線,、錦赤線、錦阜線相連接,，通過該等鐵路與中國東北,、華北鐵路網(wǎng)相聯(lián)接。 　　公路是錦州港集疏貨物的又一主要通道 ,。 目前,，本集團(tuán)的貨物主要和102國道相連接，經(jīng)102國道與103國道在綏中,、304國道在新民,、203國道在沈陽及沈大國家高速公路與經(jīng)濟(jì)腹地相聯(lián)系 。京哈高速公路正在建設(shè)中,預(yù)計(jì)將于1999年末建成 ,。屆時(shí),，進(jìn)出錦州港與其經(jīng)濟(jì)腹地之若干公路之公路運(yùn)輸時(shí)間亦將隨之縮短。 　　一九九三年至一九九八年錦州港年吞吐量每年復(fù)式增長率達(dá)35.7% ,，一九九八年錦州港年吞吐量574萬噸,，居全國主要沿海港口的第24位。 　　作為中國最北部的國際海港,，錦州港的陸路運(yùn)距具有一定優(yōu)勢,。(詳見下表) 　　部分貨源地至錦州港及周邊港口陸路運(yùn)距(公里) 　　港口 陸距 貨源 通遼 赤峰 朝陽 阜新 鐵嶺 沈陽 滿洲里 白城 齊齊哈爾 哈爾濱 　　★錦州港 362 369 171 118 280 220 1400 660 701 789 　　秦皇島港 661 785 371 318 513 442 1620 870 849 989 　　鲅魚圈港 483 618 629 343 300 240 1789 730 1016 803 　　大連港 793 799 810 593 468 397 1844 906 1957 944 　　錦州港1986年10月開工建設(shè)， 1990年10月正式通航,， 同年12月被國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)為國家一類開放商港,。錦州港現(xiàn)已建成1萬至5萬噸級(jí)營運(yùn)泊位6個(gè)，其中5萬噸級(jí)油品泊位1個(gè),，萬噸級(jí)油品化工泊位1個(gè),，3萬噸級(jí)多用途雜貨泊位1個(gè)，萬噸級(jí)通用雜貨泊位3個(gè),，年設(shè)計(jì)吞吐量555萬噸,，在建的二個(gè)3.5萬噸級(jí)泊位將于1999年投入使用，屆時(shí),，港口吞吐能力將達(dá)1000萬噸,。錦州港具備內(nèi)外貿(mào)集裝箱運(yùn)輸和雜貨、油品及化工產(chǎn)品的裝卸,、倉儲(chǔ),、運(yùn)輸、服務(wù)等多種功能,。 　　1993年初,，錦州港在全國港口行業(yè)中率先進(jìn)行了整體股份制改造，成立了股份制港口企業(yè)--錦州港務(wù)(集團(tuán))股份有限公司,。錦港集團(tuán)主要從事錦州港的碼頭經(jīng)營和管理,、商務(wù)貨運(yùn)承攬代理與服務(wù)、港口工程建設(shè),、招商引資等業(yè)務(wù),。公司主要股東為：東方集團(tuán)、錦州港務(wù)局,、錦州石油化工公司,、遼寧省投資集團(tuán)公司、錦西煉油化工總廠等,。錦州港是我國首家對(duì)港口整體實(shí)行股份制改造并政企分離,，建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度的港口公司。 經(jīng)中國證監(jiān)會(huì)批準(zhǔn),，錦港A,、B兩種股票分別于1999年6月9日、1998年5月19日在上海證券交易所上市,。 　　憑借靈活的運(yùn)行機(jī)制,、高效的工作作風(fēng),、完善的配套措施、優(yōu)越的地理區(qū)位,、廣闊的經(jīng)濟(jì)腹地,，錦州港向中外客商提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)，并充分保障客戶的商業(yè)利益,。 　　錦州港設(shè)施 　?、?泊位情況介紹： 　　錦州港泊位一覽表 　　序號(hào) 泊位名稱 投產(chǎn)年份 主要用途 水深(M) 長度(M) 泊位能力噸級(jí) 泊位數(shù) 設(shè)計(jì)能力(萬噸/年) 　　1 1#雜貨 1989 雜貨 -11 217.40 10000 1 35 　　2 2#雜貨 1993 雜貨 -11 189.78 10000 1 30 　　3 3#雜貨 1995 雜貨 -11 150 10000 1 30 　　4 4#雜貨 1995 集裝箱、雜貨 -12 232 30000 1 60 　　5 1#油 1991 油品,、化工 -10.4 241.40 10000 1 90 　　6 2#油 1997 油品 -14 356 50000 1 310 　　7 5#雜貨 1999 雜貨 -12 262 35000 1 60 　　8 6#雜貨 1999 雜貨 -14 270 35000 1 95 　?、?港口裝卸設(shè)備 散糧中轉(zhuǎn)筒倉：倉容2.88萬噸，年通過能力100萬噸,。倉內(nèi)裝有自動(dòng)測溫系統(tǒng),，電子秤具有連續(xù)計(jì)量功能。 　　散糧裝船機(jī)：裝船效率為600噸/小時(shí),。 　　倉儲(chǔ)堆場：港口占地255萬平方米,，現(xiàn)投入使用的各類堆場面積為90萬平方米，年周轉(zhuǎn)能力1000萬噸,。另外,，依港形成的各倉儲(chǔ)企業(yè)30余家，年儲(chǔ)運(yùn)能力1500萬噸,。 　　輸送管線：13條,，可輸送原油、柴油,、汽油,、壓艙水、液化產(chǎn)品等等,。 　　油品儲(chǔ)罐：容積54萬立方米,，年儲(chǔ)運(yùn)能力300萬噸，品種為原油,、汽油,、柴油。 　　化工儲(chǔ)罐：容積2.7萬立方米,，年儲(chǔ)運(yùn)能力30萬立方米,，品種為丙烯、丁二烯,、苯,、工業(yè)堿等。 　　港內(nèi)鐵路接卸線：5836延長米，直抵港口碼頭,。 　　拖輪：可提供進(jìn)出港助拖,、海上運(yùn)輸、援助等服務(wù),，共7020馬力,，最大拖輪為3700馬力。 　　門式起重機(jī)：起重噸數(shù)為10-40噸,。 　　汽車起重機(jī)：起重噸數(shù)為18-25噸,。 　　集裝箱正面吊：最大起重噸數(shù)40噸,。 　　運(yùn)輸車隊(duì)：單車載重30噸運(yùn)輸車30臺(tái),，年運(yùn)輸能力120萬噸。單車載重50噸的北方奔馳貨車50臺(tái),，集裝箱運(yùn)輸車13臺(tái),。 　　商業(yè)保稅倉庫：3200平方米。 　　港口商務(wù)公司向客戶提供港口貨物運(yùn)輸組織及相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的全方位服務(wù),。 港口的船貨代公司,、集裝箱公司,、輪船公司,、外代公司、外理公司,、國際海員俱樂部隨時(shí)為來港船舶和海員,、客戶提供各種服務(wù),。 　　③ 航道助航設(shè)施及有關(guān)設(shè)施 　　錦州港現(xiàn)有航道一條,，全廠約7,，700米，水深11米,，可供三萬噸級(jí)的船舶航行,，漲潮時(shí)最大可供五萬噸級(jí)船舶航行。航道兩側(cè)布置浮標(biāo)八座,，陸域設(shè)置六座導(dǎo)標(biāo),，以確保船舶航行安全。集團(tuán)擁有拖輪三艘,，總功率為7,，020馬力。 　　中國交通部水運(yùn)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)院對(duì)錦州港做了總體規(guī)劃,，為適應(yīng)臨港工業(yè)和腹地經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,，錦州港將分期建成為北方油品大港、區(qū)域性雜貨港,、綜合性化工港,。為適應(yīng)不斷增加的貨源需求,，錦港集團(tuán)已開始第二港池的建設(shè)。第二港池完工后,，錦州港將新增1.5萬噸-3.5萬噸級(jí)泊位13個(gè),，年吞吐能力1600萬噸，屆時(shí),，錦州港將成為北方具有第三代港口特征的多功能區(qū)域樞紐港,。 　　錦州港主營業(yè)務(wù) 　　油品倉儲(chǔ)裝卸業(yè)務(wù)：重油、原油,、汽油,、柴油及壓艙水。 　　化工產(chǎn)品倉儲(chǔ)裝卸業(yè)務(wù)：工業(yè)堿,、苯,、丙烯、丁二烯等,。 　　雜貨倉儲(chǔ)裝卸業(yè)務(wù)：糧食,、煤炭、鋼材,、汽車,、拖拉機(jī)、木片 ,、水泥,、化肥、木材,、有色金屬,、礦產(chǎn)品、化工原料及制品,、輕工產(chǎn)品,、建筑材料、漁牧產(chǎn)品等四十余種,。 　　集裝箱業(yè)務(wù)：集裝箱裝卸,、裝拆箱、堆存,、陸路運(yùn)輸,、冷藏箱業(yè)務(wù)等。錦州港已開通內(nèi)貿(mào)集裝箱干線班輪,。航線航期：到青島3天,，到上海/長江沿岸5天，到寧波7天，到溫州8天,，到廣州/蛇口12天,，到海口13天,。 　　外貿(mào)集裝箱運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)：錦州港開通在青島港中轉(zhuǎn)出口集裝箱轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)運(yùn)輸航線,。航線航期為：錦州港--青島港--日本、韓國,、香港,，航期為7-8天；錦州港--青島港--歐洲,、美國東部和西部,，航期為19-34天；錦州港--澳洲,、西亞,，航期為19-34天,。 　　多式聯(lián)運(yùn)：錦州港同沈陽鐵路局合作建立了錦州港集裝箱辦理站,，沈陽鐵路局錦鐵分局集裝箱公司、中海集團(tuán)與錦州港已開展了海鐵集裝箱聯(lián)運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù),，實(shí)現(xiàn)了港港合作,、港鐵合作、港航合作,，為客戶提供便捷,、經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)輸服務(wù)。 　　內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸：錦州港為客戶提供門--門陸上運(yùn)輸服務(wù),，已形成完善,、成熟的貨、箱集疏港體系,。公司現(xiàn)有30噸集裝箱卡車20輛,，隨著箱量的增加，錦州港將采取合作,、引資方式完善運(yùn)輸體系,。 　　航線 　　錦州港-青島港-上海港航線：每周一班，周五開航,，在青島港中轉(zhuǎn),，國內(nèi)接轉(zhuǎn)上海、南通,、鎮(zhèn)江等長江沿岸港口及廈門,、泉州、蛇口、黃埔等南方沿海港口,；國際接軌至歐洲,、東南亞、地中海等世界各地港口,。 　　錦州港-大連港航線：每周一班,，周日抵錦。周日開航,，在大連港接轉(zhuǎn)至東南亞,、北美洲、南美洲,、澳洲,、地中海沿岸各港口。 　　錦州港-天津港航線：每周一班,，周四抵錦,。在天津港中轉(zhuǎn)至東南亞、歐洲,、北美洲,、南美洲、地中海沿岸等世界各地港口,。 　　錦州港-天津港-黃埔港航線：每周一班,，周四抵錦，至上海,、寧波,、湛江、?？诘雀劭?。 　　散雜貨定線班輪：錦州港采取港港合作，開通開通至廈門港,、泉州港,、蛇口港、上海港散雜貨班輪,，主要承運(yùn)煤炭,、鋼材、糧食,、水泥,、木片、礦石等散雜貨,，使中小客戶的零散貨物可以享受與萬噸級(jí)船相同的運(yùn)價(jià),。 　　錦州至廈門,，每20天1個(gè)航次。 錦州至蛇口,，15天1個(gè)航次,。 　　集疏港運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)：單車載重50噸的大型奔馳貨車50臺(tái)，單車載重30噸運(yùn)輸車30臺(tái),。船舶代理,、貨物代購代銷及鐵路代辦委托業(yè)務(wù)。

2. 海洋石油721船

首先明確的告訴你,，大慶721不是一所學(xué)校,，而且一個(gè)地名（原王家圍子也叫721），大慶職業(yè)學(xué)院就坐落在該地區(qū),，還有大慶石油學(xué)校,，警校等，培育了無數(shù)的石油子弟油二代,、油三代投身大慶油田的開發(fā)奮戰(zhàn)中,！

3. 海洋石油623船

謝謝邀請(qǐng)，里海是世界上面積最大的湖泊,，地處亞洲和歐洲的交界處,，總面積約為38.6萬平方千米，和我國云南省的面積相當(dāng),。里海是曾經(jīng)是海洋的一部分,，是“古地中?！钡慕M成部分,，大約在1.1萬年前，里海和海洋分離后,，成為了一個(gè)湖泊,，所以里海是一個(gè)“海跡湖”，當(dāng)然也是一個(gè)咸水湖,。里海是一個(gè)巨大的聚寶盆,，由于曾經(jīng)是海底，擁有大量的海相沉積物轉(zhuǎn)化而成的石油和天然氣資源,，所以里海沿岸的國家都可以在里海這個(gè)聚寶盆中分一杯羹,。

里海沿岸總共有五個(gè)國家，分別是哈薩克斯坦,、土庫曼斯坦,、伊朗、阿塞拜疆和俄羅斯這五個(gè)國家,。哈薩克斯坦位于里海的東北部,，是世界上最大的內(nèi)陸國,，地處中亞地區(qū)，首都為努爾蘇丹（阿斯塔納）,；土庫曼斯坦位于里海的東部,，也是中亞國家，是亞洲唯一的一個(gè)永久中立國,，首都為阿什哈巴德,；伊朗位于里海的南部，屬于西亞地區(qū),，伊朗南臨波斯灣,，北靠里海，石油資源極為豐富,，首都為德黑蘭,。

阿塞拜疆位于里海的西部，是一個(gè)地跨亞歐兩大洲的國家,，首都為巴庫,，巴庫位于里海沿岸，是里海重要的港口,，也是著名的石油城市,；俄羅斯位于里海的西北部，是世界上面積最大的國家,，也是一個(gè)地跨亞歐兩大洲的國家,，首都為莫斯科。里海周圍地勢南高北地,，南部為伊朗高原,，西部有大高加索山脈，西北部,、北部和東部地區(qū)為里海沿岸平原,，地勢十分平坦。里海周圍有大小130多條河流匯入,，其中主要的河流包括伏爾加河,、烏拉爾河、庫拉河,、捷列克河等河流,。

伏爾加河是俄羅斯的母親河，是世界上最長的內(nèi)流河,，也是歐洲最長的河流,，全長3692千米，流域內(nèi)地勢低平,，落差很小,，航運(yùn)十分發(fā)達(dá),。烏拉爾河是亞洲和歐洲的分界線，發(fā)源于烏拉爾山脈南部,，總體流向?yàn)樽员毕蚰?，全長2428千米，是世界第四大內(nèi)流河,。庫拉河位于里海的西南部,，發(fā)源于西亞的土耳其，是外高加索地區(qū)最大的河流,，總體流向?yàn)樽晕飨驏|,，全長約1364千米，阿拉克斯河是其最重要支流,。捷列克河位于里海西部,，發(fā)源于大高加索山脈北部，總體流向約為自西向東,，全長623千米,。巴庫

4. 海洋石油612船

山東主要一本大學(xué)的錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線及院校名稱如下：

1、612分   山東大學(xué)  

2,、598分   中國海洋大學(xué)

3,、581分   中國石油大學(xué)(華東)

4、563分    山東師范大學(xué)

5,、521分    山東科技大學(xué)

6,、521分   濟(jì)南大學(xué)

7、506分山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)等,。

5. 海洋石油673船

塔里木河大橋,，建成于1995年，全長605米,，引道673米,，位于新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)阿克蘇地區(qū)農(nóng)一師阿拉爾市。它是開發(fā)塔里木石油的第一座大橋,，是通向塔克拉瑪干大沙漠的必經(jīng)之橋，為塔里木河上游與中下游的分界點(diǎn),。

6. 海洋石油656船

常見15種焊條型號(hào)及用途

D577堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：EDCrMn-C-15?

用途：用于510℃以下中溫高壓閥門密封面,，在閘閥中與D507Mo配合使用耐磨性能更好。?

? D608堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：EDZ-A1-08?

用途：用于農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械,、礦山設(shè)備等承受砂粒磨損與輕微沖擊的零部件,。??D618堆焊焊條?

用途：用于堆焊隨受較輕沖擊載荷、但要求具有較好的抗磨損的耐磨件,，如錘擊式磨煤機(jī)錘頭等,。?

?? D642堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：EDZCr-B-03?

用途：用于常溫和高溫耐磨耐腐蝕工作條件的零部件,，如水輪機(jī)葉片、高壓泵零件,、高爐料鐘等,。?

?D646堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：EDCr-B-16?

用途：用于常溫和高溫耐磨耐腐蝕工作條件的零部件，如水輪機(jī)葉片,、高壓泵零件,、高爐料鐘等。?

?D656堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：EDZ-A2-16?

用途：用于中等沖擊情況下主要受磨料磨損的耐磨腐蝕件,、如混凝土攪拌機(jī),、高速混沙機(jī)、螺旋送料機(jī)以及工作溫度不超過500℃的高爐料鐘,、礦石破碎機(jī),、煤孔挖掘機(jī)等。??

? ?D667堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：?EDZCr-C-15?

用途：用于堆焊要求耐強(qiáng)烈磨損,、耐腐蝕和耐氣蝕的場合,，如石油工業(yè)中離心裂化泵軸套、礦山破碎機(jī),、零件及柴油機(jī)引擎上的氣門蓋等,。?

?D678堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：?EDZ-131-08?

用途：用于礦山機(jī)械和破碎機(jī)零部件等受磨料磨損部件的堆焊。?

?D680/D687堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：?EDZCr-D-15?

用途：用于強(qiáng)烈磨損的場合,，如牙輪鉆頭小軸,、煤孔挖掘機(jī)、提升斗,、破碎機(jī)輥,、泵框筒、混合氣葉片等,。?

?D707堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：?EDW-A-15?

用途：用于堆焊耐巖石強(qiáng)烈磨損的機(jī)械零部件,，如混凝土攪拌機(jī)葉片、推土機(jī),、挖泥機(jī)葉片,、高速混砂箱等。???

? D717/D717A堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：?EDW-B-15?

用途：用于堆焊耐巖石強(qiáng)烈磨損的機(jī)械零部件,，如三牙輪鉆頭的牙抓背部,、鼓風(fēng)機(jī)葉片、強(qiáng)力采煤滾筒,、扎糖機(jī)軋輥,、混凝土攪拌機(jī)葉片等。

? ?D802鈷基焊條型號(hào)：?EDCoCr-A-03?

用途：用于在650℃左右工作仍能保持良好的耐磨性和耐腐蝕性的場合,，或承受沖擊和冷熱交錯(cuò)的部位,，如堆焊高溫高壓閥門及熱剪刀刃等,。?

?D812鈷基焊條???型號(hào)：?EDCoCr-B-03?

用途：用于高溫高壓閥門、高壓泵的軸套筒和內(nèi)襯套以及化纖設(shè)備的斬刀刃口等,。??D822鈷基焊條????型號(hào)：?EDCoCr-C-03?

用途：用于牙輪鉆頭軸承,、鍋爐的旋轉(zhuǎn)葉輪、粉碎機(jī)刃口,、螺旋送料機(jī)等磨損部件的堆焊,。?

? D842鈷基焊條????型號(hào)：?EDCoCr-D-03?

用途：用于高溫條件下承受沖擊和冷熱交錯(cuò)的工件堆焊，如熱鍛模,，閥門密封面等,，具有良好的性能。?

? D918堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：EDZ-A2-08?

用途：用于受中等或劇烈沖擊情況下磨料磨損,，如農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械,、礦山機(jī)械、粉碎機(jī)等,。??

??D007堆焊焊條????型號(hào)：EDTV-15?

用途：用于灰口鑄鐵球,、球墨鑄鐵和合金鑄鐵件的堆焊及焊補(bǔ)，如大型鑄鐵壓延模,、鑄鐵成形模及鑄鐵模具等,。??

7. 海洋石油655船信息

展開全部

156項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)工程列表

煤炭(25項(xiàng)) 總計(jì)采煤2165萬噸 洗煤950萬噸

鶴崗東山1號(hào)立井 續(xù)建 鶴崗 50~55 采煤90萬噸

鶴崗興安臺(tái)10號(hào)立井 續(xù)建 鶴崗 52~56 采煤150萬噸

遼源中央立井 續(xù)建 遼源 50~55 采煤90萬噸

阜新平安立井 續(xù)建 阜新 52~57 采煤150萬噸

阜新新邱一號(hào)立井 新建 阜新 54~58 采煤60萬噸

阜新海州露天礦 續(xù)建 阜新 50~57 采煤300萬噸

興安臺(tái)洗煤廠 新建 鶴崗 57~59 洗煤150萬噸

城子河洗煤廠 新建 雞西 57~59 洗煤150萬噸

城子河9號(hào)立井 新建 雞西 55~59 采煤75萬噸

山西潞安洗煤廠 新建 潞南 56~58 洗煤200萬噸

焦作中馬村立井 新建 焦作 55~59 采煤60萬噸

興安臺(tái)二號(hào)立井 新建 鶴崗 56~61 采煤150萬噸

大同鵝毛口立井 新建 大同 57~61 采煤120萬噸

淮南謝家集中央洗煤廠 新建 淮南 57~59 洗煤100萬噸

興化灣溝立井 新建 興化 56~58 洗煤60萬噸

峰峰中央洗煤廠 新建 峰峰 57~59 洗煤200萬噸

撫順西露天礦 改建 撫順 53~59 采煤300萬噸

撫順龍鳳礦 改建 撫順 53~58 洗煤90萬噸

撫順老虎臺(tái)礦 改建 撫順 53~57 洗煤80

撫順勝利礦 改建 撫順 53~57 洗煤90

雙鴨山洗煤廠 新建 雙鴨山 54~58 洗煤150

銅川王石凹立井 新建 銅川 57~61 采煤120

峰峰通順三號(hào)立井 新建 峰峰 57~61 采煤120

平頂山2號(hào)立井 新建 平頂山 57~60 采煤90

撫順東露天礦 新建 撫順 56~61 油母頁巖700萬立方米

石油(2項(xiàng)) 煉油170萬噸

蘭州煉油廠 新建 蘭州 56~59 煉油100萬噸

撫順第二制油廠 改建 撫順 56~59 頁巖原油70萬噸

電力(25項(xiàng)) 裝機(jī)288.65萬千瓦

阜新熱電站 擴(kuò)建 阜新 51~58 15萬千瓦

撫順電站 擴(kuò)建 撫順 52~57 15萬千瓦

重慶電站 新建 重慶 53~54 2.4萬千瓦

豐滿水電站 擴(kuò)建 豐滿 51~59 42.25萬千瓦

大連熱電站 擴(kuò)建 大連 54~56 2.5萬千瓦

太原第1熱電站 新建 太原 53~57 7.4萬千瓦

西安熱電站(1-2期) 新建 西安 52~57 4.8萬千瓦

鄭州第2熱電站 新建 鄭州 52~53 1.2萬千瓦

富拉爾基熱電站 新建 富拉爾基 52~55 5萬千瓦

烏魯木齊熱電站 新建 烏魯木齊 52~59 1.9萬千瓦

吉林熱電站 擴(kuò)建 吉林 56~58 10萬千瓦

太原第二熱電站 新建 太原 56~58 5萬千瓦

石家莊熱電站1-2期 新建 石家莊 56~59 4.9萬千瓦

雩縣熱電站1-2期 新建鄂縣 56-60 10萬千瓦

蘭州熱電站 新建 蘭州 56-58 10萬千瓦

青山熱電站 擴(kuò)建 武漢 56-59 11.2萬千瓦

個(gè)舊電站1-2期 新建 個(gè)舊 54-58 2.8萬千瓦

包頭四道沙河熱電站 新建 包頭 56-58 5萬千瓦

包頭寧家壕熱電站 新建 包頭 57-60 6.2萬千瓦

佳木斯紙廠熱電站 新建 佳木斯 55-57 2.4萬千瓦

株洲熱電站 新建 株洲 55-57 1.2萬千瓦

成都熱電站 新建 成都 56-58 5萬千瓦

洛陽熱電站 新建 洛陽 56-58 7.5萬千瓦

三門峽水利樞紐 新建 陜縣 56-69 110萬千瓦

北京熱電站 新建 北京 58-59 10萬千瓦

鋼鐵（7項(xiàng)） 鐵670萬噸鋼636.6萬噸鋼材360萬噸

鞍山鋼鐵公司 改建 鞍山 52-60 鐵250鋼320鋼材250

本溪鋼鐵公司 改建 本溪 53-57 鐵110

富拉爾基特鋼廠1-2期 新建 富拉爾基 53-58 鋼16.6萬噸

吉林鐵合金公司 新建 吉林 53-56 鐵合金4.35萬噸

武漢鋼鐵公司 新建 武漢 55-62 生鐵150鋼150我材110

包頭鋼鐵公司 新建 包頭 56-62 生鐵160鋼150

熱河釩鈦礦 新建 承德 56-58 鈦鎂7000噸釩鐵1000噸

有色金屬(11項(xiàng))

撫順鋁廠1-2期 改建 撫順 52-57 鋁錠3.9萬噸鋁0.12萬噸

哈爾濱鋁加工廠1-2期 新建 哈爾濱 52-58 鋁材3萬噸

吉林電纜廠 新建 吉林 53-55 石墨制品2.23萬噸

株洲硬質(zhì)合金廠 新建 株洲 55-57 硬質(zhì)合金500噸

楊家杖子鉬礦 新建 楊家杖子 56-58 鉬礦4700噸

云南錫業(yè)公司 新建 個(gè)舊 54-58 錫3萬噸

江西大吉山鎢礦 新建 贛南 55-59 采選1600噸/日

江西西華山鎢礦 新建 大余 56-59 1856

江西巋美山鎢礦 新建 定南 56-59 1570

白銀有色金屬公司 新建白銀 56-62 電銅3萬噸硫酸2.5萬噸

洛陽有色金屬加工廠 新建 洛陽 57-62 銅材6萬噸

化工(7項(xiàng)) 合成氨15.4萬噸硝酸銨18.8萬噸

吉林染料廠 新建 吉林 55-58 合成染料及中間體7385噸

吉林氮肥廠 新建 吉林 54-57 合成氨5萬噸硝酸銨9萬噸

吉林電石廠 新建 吉林 55-57 電石6萬噸

太原化工廠 新建 太原 54-58 硫酸4萬噸

蘭州合成橡膠廠 新建 蘭州 56-60 合成橡膠1.5萬噸

太原氮肥廠 新建 太原 57-60 合成氨5.2萬噸硝酸銨9.8萬噸

機(jī)械(24個(gè))

哈爾濱鍋爐廠1-2期 新建 哈爾濱 54-60 高中壓鍋爐4080噸/年

長春第一汽車廠 新建 長春 53-56 解放牌汽車3萬輛

沈陽第一機(jī)床廠 新建 沈陽 53-55 車床4000臺(tái)

哈爾濱量具刃具廠 新建 哈爾濱 53-54 量刃具512萬付/1032噸

沈陽風(fēng)動(dòng)工具廠 改建 沈陽 52-54 各種風(fēng)動(dòng)工具2萬臺(tái)/554噸

沈陽電纜廠 改建 沈陽 52-54 各種電纜3萬噸

哈爾濱儀表廠 新建 哈爾濱 53-56 電氣儀表10萬只汽車儀表5萬套電度表60萬只

哈爾濱汽輪機(jī)廠(1-2期) 新建 哈爾濱 54-60 汽輪機(jī)60萬千瓦

沈陽第二機(jī)床廠 改建 沈陽 55-58 各種機(jī)床4497臺(tái)/1.6萬噸

武漢重型機(jī)床廠 新建 武漢 55-59 機(jī)床380臺(tái)

洛陽拖拉機(jī)廠 新建 洛陽 56-59 拖拉機(jī)1.5萬臺(tái)

洛陽滾珠軸承廠 新建 洛陽 54-58 滾珠軸承1000萬套

蘭州石油機(jī)械廠 新建 蘭州 56-59 石油設(shè)備1.5萬噸

西安高壓電瓷廠 新建 西安 58-61 各種電瓷1.5萬噸

西安開關(guān)整流器廠 新建 西安 58-61 高壓開關(guān)1.3萬套

西安絕緣材料廠 新建 西安 56-60 各種絕緣材料6000噸

西安電力電窗容器廠 新建西安 56-58 電力電容器100千伏安6.1萬只

洛陽礦山機(jī)械廠 新建 洛陽 56-58 礦山機(jī)械設(shè)備2萬噸

哈爾濱電機(jī)廠汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)車間 新建 哈爾濱 54-60 汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)60萬千瓦

富拉爾機(jī)重機(jī)廠 新建 富拉爾基 54-60 軋機(jī)煉鋼煉鐵設(shè)備6萬噸

哈爾濱炭刷廠 新建 哈爾濱 56-58 電刷及炭素制品100噸

哈爾濱滾珠軸承廠 改建 哈爾濱 57-59 滾珠軸承655萬套

湘潭船用電機(jī)廠 新建 湘潭 57-59 電機(jī)11萬千瓦

蘭州煉油化工機(jī)械廠 新建蘭州 56-59 化工設(shè)備2.5萬噸

輕工(1項(xiàng))

佳木斯造紙廠 新建 佳木斯 53-57 水泥紙袋5萬噸

醫(yī)藥(2項(xiàng))

華北制藥廠 新建 石家莊 54-58 青霉素鏈霉素等115噸淀粉1.5萬噸

太原制藥廠 新建 太原 54-58 磺銨1200噸

軍工項(xiàng)目(43項(xiàng))

航空部12項(xiàng)

112廠：沈陽飛機(jī)工業(yè)集團(tuán) 改建 53～57

113廠：西安航空動(dòng)力控制工程有限公司 新建 55～57

114廠：西安慶安集團(tuán) 新建 55～57

115廠：陜西興平秦嶺航空電氣公司 新建 55～57

120廠：哈爾濱東安發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)集團(tuán) 改建 53～55

122廠：哈爾濱飛機(jī)工業(yè)集團(tuán) 改建 53～55

212廠：寶雞寶成通用電子公司 新建 55～62

320廠：南昌航空工業(yè)集團(tuán) 改建 53～57

331廠：株洲南方航空動(dòng)力機(jī)械公司 改建 55～56

410廠：沈陽黎明發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造公司 改建 53～57

422廠：陜西422廠統(tǒng)計(jì)了兩次，造成兩項(xiàng)重復(fù)計(jì)算

514廠：陜西興平華興航空機(jī)輪公司 新建 55～62

電子部10項(xiàng)

715廠：四川成都宏明無線電器材廠 新建 55～57

719廠：四川成都新興儀器廠 新建 55～57

738廠：北京有線電廠 新建 55～57

774廠：北京電子管廠 改建 54～56

782廠：陜西寶雞長嶺機(jī)器廠 新建 56～57

784廠：四川成都錦江電機(jī)廠 新建 57～60

785廠：山西太原無線電廠 新建 56～59

786廠：陜西西安黃河機(jī)器制造廠 新建 55～58

788廠：四川 ,？ 新建 57～60

853廠：陜西華達(dá)無線電器材廠 新建 55～58

兵器部16項(xiàng)

245廠：太原北方興安化學(xué)工業(yè)有限公司 新建 53～59

248廠：西安北方光電有限公司 新建 55～57

447廠：內(nèi)蒙古包頭第二機(jī)械制造廠 新建 55～59

617廠：包頭第一機(jī)械制造集團(tuán)有限公司 新建 56～58

616廠：山西柴油機(jī)工業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司 新建 56～58

748廠：山西,？ 新建 53～58

768廠：北京大華無線電器材廠 新建 55～58

803廠：西安北方華山機(jī)電有限公司 新建 56～57

804廠：西安北方慶華機(jī)電集團(tuán)有限公司 新建 55～59

806廠：甘肅天水？ 新建 56～60

843廠：西安北方秦川集團(tuán)有限公司 新建 55～59

844廠：西安東方集團(tuán)有限公司 新建 55～59

845廠：西安北方惠安化學(xué)工業(yè)有限公司 新建 55～58

847廠：西安昆侖(集團(tuán))有限責(zé)任公司 新建 55～57

884廠：山西太原汾西機(jī)器廠 新建 55～59

908廠：山西太原新華化工有限責(zé)任公司 新建 55～58

航天部2項(xiàng)

111廠：沈陽航天新光集團(tuán) 改建 53～56

211廠：首都航空機(jī)械公司(屬航天一院) 新建 54～57

船舶公司3項(xiàng)

407廠：河南洛陽柴油機(jī)集團(tuán)有限公司 新建 56～60

408廠：陜西興平柴油機(jī)廠 新建 56～60

431廠：渤海船舶重工有限公司（葫蘆島）新建 56～60 生產(chǎn)核潛艇

“二五”時(shí)期施工3項(xiàng)

有色金屬2項(xiàng)

云南昆明東川礦務(wù)局 新建 58～61 采選2萬噸/日

云南曲靖會(huì)澤鉛鋅礦 新建 58～62 鉛1.5萬噸,、鋅3萬噸

軍工1項(xiàng)

874廠：山西侯馬平陽機(jī)械廠 新建 58～66

8. 海洋石油681船

音標(biāo)是學(xué)習(xí)英語的第一步,，想要學(xué)好音標(biāo)需要認(rèn)識(shí)音標(biāo)、會(huì)讀音標(biāo),，這樣以后才能認(rèn)識(shí)單詞,。在學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)前，我們要先知道國際音標(biāo)有48個(gè),，元音有20個(gè),，輔音有28個(gè)，元音又分為單元音和雙元音,，單元音有12個(gè),，雙元音有8個(gè)。

音標(biāo)數(shù)目

在上表中,，我們可以看到音標(biāo)有48個(gè)，現(xiàn)在我們常說的國際音標(biāo)也是48個(gè),。

可以點(diǎn)擊下面鏈接學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo),。

《【48個(gè)英語音標(biāo)示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》

元音部分

輔音部分

音標(biāo)的分類

最實(shí)用的分類方式是：元音=長元音+短元音+雙元音,；輔音=清輔音+濁輔音。

英語一共有48個(gè)國際音標(biāo),，包括20個(gè)元音,，28個(gè)輔音。

20個(gè)元音包括5個(gè)長元音：/i:/,、/?:/,、/u:/、/a:/,、/?:/,；

7個(gè)短元音：[i]?[?]?[?]?[u]?[?]?[e]?[?]；

8個(gè)雙元音：/e?,、/a?/,、/??/、/??/,、/e?/,、/??/、/??/,、/a?/,；

注意：

1、長元音顧名思義就是發(fā)的音比較長而飽滿,；短元音則發(fā)的音比較短而急,；

2、雙元音就是兩個(gè)單元音拼在一起,，成為組合音,。雙元音發(fā)音的特點(diǎn)是前面的單元音發(fā)音長，后面的發(fā)音比較短,。

28個(gè)輔音包括：輕輔音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/

濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/

鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/

半元音 /j/ /w/

邊音 /?/

發(fā)音技巧

長元音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)長元音發(fā)音,。《【元音音標(biāo)（長元音）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3》

5個(gè)長元音/i:/,、/?:/,、/u:/、/a:/,、/?:/發(fā)音技巧,。

（1）/i:/發(fā)音技巧：

發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒，口形扁平,。在發(fā)音的時(shí)候要盡量拉長,，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟詩的感覺。

單詞舉例：bee [bi?] n. 蜜蜂；see [si?] v. 看見,，參看

（2）/?:/發(fā)音技巧：

/?:/是長元音,，近似于北京腔的“兒”話音，如“花兒”的“兒”,。發(fā)好這個(gè)音,，關(guān)鍵在于卷舌！

單詞舉例：shirt [??:t] n. 襯衫,男士襯衫,；nurse [n?:s] n. 護(hù)士,保姆

（3）/u:/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)雙唇用力向前突出,，有點(diǎn)像拉長了音說“烏”，但要注意,，“烏”的口形較扁,。

單詞舉例：moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮；room [ru?m] n. 房間,空間

（4）/a:/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)口張大,，雙唇稍收?qǐng)A,。發(fā)音時(shí)可以照著鏡子，說“啊”,，看看嘴巴張得夠不夠大,，記得要將嘴巴盡量張大。

單詞舉例：ask [a:sk] v. 問,詢問,； far [fa:r] adj. 遠(yuǎn)的

（5）/?:/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí),，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A，并向前突出,，發(fā)音接近于漢語“嗷”,。這是個(gè)長元音，記?。洪L元音一定要拉長,，發(fā)出來才好聽。

單詞舉例：door [d?:r] n. 門,； short [??:t] adj. 短的

短元音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)短元音發(fā)音,。《【【英語音標(biāo)7個(gè)短元音/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/怎么讀,？】-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E》

7個(gè)短元音：/i/,、/?/、?/?/,、/u/,、/?/、/e/,、/?/

（1）/i/發(fā)音技巧

它是個(gè)短元音,，發(fā)音要短促而輕快。

單詞舉例：big [b?ɡ] adj. 大的,龐大的；Fit [fit] v. 合身,適合于

（2）/?/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)舌身平放,，雙唇扁平,。發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)不用卷舌,。

單詞舉例：teacher [?ti?t??] n. 老師,教師,； mother [?m?e?] n. 母親

（3）/?/ 發(fā)音技巧

這是一個(gè)短元音，發(fā)音一定要短,，發(fā)音比/?:/短一些,，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A，并向前突出,。

單詞舉例：dog [d?g] n.狗,家伙,；hot [h?t] adj. 熱的,辣的

（4）/u/ 發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇收?qǐng)A，稍突出,。就像發(fā)漢語中的“烏”,，但沒發(fā)完就給打斷了一樣。

單詞舉例：book [b?k] n. 書,卷,；cook [k?k] vt. 烹調(diào),煮

（5）/?/ 發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)輕觸下齒,，唇形稍扁，開口度較大,。這個(gè)發(fā)音有點(diǎn)像發(fā)“啊”音時(shí)突然被誰卡住了脖子的感覺,。

單詞舉例：brother['br?e?(r)] n. 哥哥，弟弟,；mother [?m?e?] n. 母親

（6）/e/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒,，舌前部稍抬起，上下嘴張開的角度大約呈“45度”,，同時(shí)發(fā)出聲音,。

單詞舉例：leg [leg] v.?n.?腿,支柱； desk?[desk] n.?書桌

（7）/?/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí),，雙唇向兩邊平伸,，張開嘴，嘴唇放松逐漸壓低舌頭7和下顎,，盡可能夸張,。

單詞舉例：bad?[b?d]?：adj.?壞的,不好的；cat?[k?t]?：n.?貓,，貓科動(dòng)物

雙元音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)雙元音發(fā)音,。《【【英語基礎(chǔ)】英語國際音標(biāo)-8個(gè)雙元音的發(fā)音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl》

8個(gè)雙元音發(fā)音技巧：/e?/,、/a?/,、/??/、/??/、/e?/,、/??/,、/??/、/a?/

（1）/e?/發(fā)音技巧

該音是個(gè)雙元音,，發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇稍扁,，口形從半開到合。類似于英文字母“A”,。

單詞舉例：say[sei]?v.說,；delay[di?lei]?n.?延遲?

（2）/a?/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)此音的關(guān)鍵是要把/a/音發(fā)足，接近于英文字母中的“I”,。

單詞舉例：ice??[ais]?n.?冰,，雪糕；side?[said] n.?面,，邊

（3）/??/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇從圓到扁,，口形從開到合。接近于漢語發(fā)音“奧一”,。

單詞舉例：oil??[?il]?n.?油,，石油；noise?[n??z]?n.?噪音,，嘈雜聲

（4）/??/發(fā)音技巧

發(fā)聲時(shí),，由第一個(gè)音[i]向[?]集中，接近于漢語發(fā)音“一呃”,。

單詞舉例：fear???[f??r]?：n.?害怕,，可能性；dear???[d??r]?：adj.?親愛的

（5）/e?/發(fā)音技巧

接近于漢語發(fā)音“哎呃”,。

單詞舉例：bear??[b??]?：n.?熊,；wear??[w??]?：vt.?穿著

（6）/??/發(fā)音技巧

第一個(gè)是“短烏音”/u/，第二個(gè)是/?/,。類似于漢語發(fā)音“屋呃”,。

單詞舉例：sure?[???r]?adj.?確信的，確實(shí)的,；pure??[pj??r]?adj.?純的,；?單純的

（7）/??/發(fā)音技巧

舌位由半低到高，口形由半開到小,。接近于漢語發(fā)音“呃屋”,。

單詞舉例：?flow??[fl?u]?：vi.?流；glow???[ɡl??]?：vi.?發(fā)光,，灼熱

（8）/a?/發(fā)音技巧

由第一個(gè)音向第二個(gè)音滑動(dòng),，接近于漢語發(fā)音“啊屋”,。

單詞舉例：cow?[ka?]?n.?奶牛，乳牛,；hour?[a??r]?n.?小時(shí),，鐘頭

輔音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)輔音發(fā)音?！丁居⒄Z音標(biāo)（輔音部分）,，發(fā)音規(guī)則與技巧！美式發(fā)音,，地道口語,！清輔音，濁輔音,！初級(jí)，零基礎(chǔ),，歡迎新手,！-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA》

11個(gè)清輔音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/

11個(gè)濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/

注意：

清輔音：發(fā)音時(shí)送氣，聲帶不顫動(dòng)（顫不顫用手放在喉嚨上就知道了）

濁輔音：發(fā)音時(shí)不送氣(拿張紙放在嘴前,，紙沒有被吹開),，聲帶顫動(dòng)。

（1）/p/ /b/諧音分別為“普”,、“卜”,，都省去韻母成分

發(fā)音方法：/p/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/b/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。

單詞舉例：/p/：pen [pen] n.鋼筆,；pin [pin] n.大頭針

/b/：bike [baik] n.自行車,；beg [beg] v.乞求

（2）/t/ /d/分別諧音“特”、“得”,。

發(fā)音方法：/t/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/d/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/t/ ：ten [ten] num； test [test] n. 試驗(yàn), 考驗(yàn)

/d/： student?[?studnt] ?n.學(xué)生,； date ?[de?t] n.日期,、日子、約見時(shí)間 v.注明日期,、寫上日期

（3）/k/ /g/分別諧音“可”,、“嗝”,。

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎，憋住氣,，然后突然分開,，氣流送出口腔，形成爆破音,。/k/是清輔音,，聲帶不要振動(dòng)；/g/是濁輔音,，聲帶需要振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/k/ ：kite [kait] n. 風(fēng)箏；cake [ke?k] n. 蛋糕

/g/： glove [ɡl?v] n. 手套,；girl [ɡ?:l] n. 女孩

（4）/f/ /v/

/f/諧音“府”,，/v/就是北方人把W讀成V那種感覺。

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音前,，上齒咬住下嘴唇,，然后使氣流由唇齒間的縫隙中通過，從而引起摩擦,。

/f/是清輔音,，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不震動(dòng)；/v/是濁輔音,，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/f/：flower ['fla??r] n. 花；fly [flai] vi.飛, 飛行

/v/：love [l?v] v. 愛,；seven [?sev?n] num. 七

(5)/θ/ /e/ 牙齒輕咬舌尖發(fā)出的音

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí),，舌尖微微伸出，置于上下門齒之間,，舌尖和下齒之間的氣流通道非常窄小,，氣流從舌齒間的窄縫中通過。/θ/是清輔音,，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng),；/e/是濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/θ/：three [θri:] num. 三,； throw [θr??] vi. 投擲

/e/：this [e?s] pron. 這,這個(gè)，這里,； mother [?m?e?(r)] n. 母親

(6)/s/ 諧音“絲”,，/z/“zi”

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌端靠近齒齦，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出,。/s/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/z/是濁浦音，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/s/：school [sku:l] n. 學(xué)校,，學(xué)院；bus [b?s] n. 公共汽車

/z/：please [pli:z] int.請(qǐng),；zoo [zu:] n.動(dòng)物園

(7)/ts/ /dz/分別諧音“次”,、“自”

發(fā)音方法：舌端先貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流,，氣流送出口腔,。/ts/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),，/dz/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。

單詞舉例：/ts/：cats [k?ts] n. 貓( cat的名詞復(fù)數(shù) ),；hats [h?ts] n. 帽子( hat的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )

/dz/：hands [h?ndz] n.手,；lands [l?ndz] n.陸地

(8)/tr/ /dr/分別諧音“戳”、“捉”

發(fā)音方法：舌尖貼齒齦后部,，氣流沖破阻礙發(fā)出短促的/t/后立即發(fā)/r/。/tr/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/dr/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 樹,，木料；try [tra?] vt.& vi. 試圖

/dr/：dress [dres] n.連衣裙,；drink [dr??k] v.喝酒

(9)/∫/ /?/分別諧音“詩”,、“日”

發(fā)音方法：/∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/?/是濁輔音,，聲帶振動(dòng)。

單詞舉例：/∫/：English [???gl??] adj. 英格蘭的,； 英國的,；rubbish [?r?b??] n. 垃圾；

/?/：pleasure [?ple??] n.快樂,，愉快,；casual [?k??u?l] adj意外的，偶然的

（10）/t∫/ /d?/分別諧音“吃”,、“之”

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌身抬高,，舌端抵上齒齦后部,，氣流通過時(shí)發(fā)出破擦音。/t∫/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/d?/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例：/t∫/： chalk [t??:k] n. 粉筆,；chair [t?e?r] n. 椅子

/d?/：page [pe?d?] n.頁 ；age [e?d?] n.年齡

(11)/h/ /r/分別諧音“呵”,、“若”,，省去韻母成分。

發(fā)音方法：

發(fā)/h/這個(gè)音時(shí),，嘴半開,，氣流從口腔不受阻礙而出，聲帶不振動(dòng),，清輔音,。

發(fā)/r/這個(gè)音時(shí)，舌端上卷,，靠近上齒齦附近,，嘴唇張開并保持略圓狀態(tài)，氣流從口腔涌出,，聲帶振動(dòng),，屬于濁輔音。

單詞舉例: /h/： hair [he?(r)] n.頭發(fā),；hate [he?t] v.恨,，厭惡

/r/： sorry ['s?r?] v.對(duì)不起 ；write [ra?t] v.寫

鼻音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)鼻音發(fā)音,?！丁荆?1）鼻音 m n ? | 英語音標(biāo)發(fā)音口型示范 | 美式發(fā)音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx》

(1)/m/諧音“恩”

發(fā)音方法：雙唇緊閉，軟腭下垂,，氣流從鼻腔發(fā)出,，聲帶震動(dòng)。閉口音,。

單詞舉例：major [?me?d??(r)] adj.主要的,；time [ta?m] n.時(shí)間

(2)/n/諧音“呢”

發(fā)音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦，形成阻礙,，氣流從鼻腔發(fā)出,，同時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng)，開口音,。

單詞舉例：nice [na?c] adj.漂亮的,；funny [?f?ni] adj.有趣的

(3)/?/諧音“英”,，省去聲母部分

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)氣流從鼻腔涌出，聲帶振動(dòng),。

單詞舉例： think [θ??k] v.想,；angel [?e?nd?l] n.天使

邊音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)邊音發(fā)音?！丁菊嬲膰H音標(biāo)-邊音 Lateral-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F》

/l/諧音“里”

發(fā)音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦,，發(fā)音時(shí)氣流從舌面的兩側(cè)通過，聲帶保持震動(dòng),，屬于濁輔音,。

單詞舉例：light [la?t] n.光線 ；ball [b?:l] n.球

半元音

點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)半元音發(fā)音,?！丁綛BC英語 其他輔音 半元音'w'的發(fā)音 與'v'的區(qū)別 國際音標(biāo)發(fā)音｜Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl》

/j/諧音“耶”

發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng)，氣流口腔發(fā)出,。濁輔音,，發(fā)音口型類似/ i/.

單詞舉例：ye [jes] adv.是的；young [j??] adj.年輕的

/w/諧音“屋”

發(fā)音方法：嘴唇張開到剛好可以含住一根吸管的程度,，并向前微噘起,，但上齒不能接觸下唇,立刻滑向其后的元音。

單詞舉例：wish [w??] ：v. 希望,； which [w?t?] ：pron. 哪一個(gè)

學(xué)習(xí)步驟

抄寫

抄寫音標(biāo),，并了解音標(biāo)特點(diǎn)。

對(duì)音標(biāo)的基本認(rèn)知

1,、區(qū)別長短音帶“：”的音標(biāo)發(fā)音相對(duì)較長不帶“：”的音標(biāo)發(fā)音相對(duì)較短。

2,、區(qū)別清輔音和濁輔音核心區(qū)別：清輔音聲帶不震動(dòng),，濁輔音聲帶振動(dòng)。

模仿練習(xí)

找合適的視頻學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)跟讀,。例如b站上《【賴世雄48個(gè)英語音標(biāo)朗讀示范,，美音英音對(duì)照版-嗶哩嗶哩】 【https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3】》、《【李詠梅老師英語（音標(biāo)部分）——最牛的初中英語老師,！沒有之一,！李詠梅國際音標(biāo) （完整版發(fā)音篇）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE》、《【純正英式發(fā)音】這是BBC出品的到現(xiàn)在為止最棒的英語發(fā)音教程（完整版）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5》,，以上幾個(gè)視頻都非常不錯(cuò),，詳細(xì)講解每個(gè)音標(biāo)的讀法。注意視頻一定至少跟讀5遍,，才能確保你的學(xué)習(xí)效果,。

也可以通過下面這個(gè)視頻觀察發(fā)音口型的變化,。

《【48個(gè)英語音標(biāo)示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》

1、模仿練習(xí),，學(xué)習(xí)國際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音,，要注意觀察老師的口型，觀察發(fā)音部位的變化,，主動(dòng)模仿發(fā)音,，初學(xué)可以對(duì)著鏡子模仿練習(xí)，特別是元音發(fā)音的舌位高低,，口腔開口度大小與音色關(guān)系十分密切,，可以通過鏡子觀察口型上的區(qū)別，觀察舌尖,、舌面,、舌葉的活動(dòng)情況，比如u和o,、i和e,、e和ε等等，掌握準(zhǔn)確口腔開口度,，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音具有非常重要的意義,。

2、聽音訓(xùn)練:學(xué)習(xí)國際音標(biāo)需要認(rèn)識(shí)48個(gè)音標(biāo),，通過反反復(fù)復(fù)的聽力練習(xí),，達(dá)到強(qiáng)化記憶。聽音訓(xùn)練,，如果有條件,，可以多聽老師朗讀音標(biāo)，也可以使用錄音帶反復(fù)聽音,，本課件中的每個(gè)音素,，都可以循環(huán)傾聽，強(qiáng)化記憶,。

3,、多動(dòng)口，動(dòng)口是加強(qiáng)實(shí)踐的關(guān)鍵和核心,，聽音也好,，模仿也好，比較也好,，最終要?dú)w結(jié)到自己發(fā)音這一目標(biāo)上來,，所以勤動(dòng)口是掌握國際音標(biāo)發(fā)音的關(guān)鍵。俗話說，"三天不寫手生,，三天不念口生",，說的就是要加強(qiáng)動(dòng)手動(dòng)口能力的培養(yǎng)。因此學(xué)習(xí)國際音標(biāo),，要時(shí)時(shí)加強(qiáng)語音訓(xùn)練,，勤動(dòng)口，反復(fù)實(shí)踐練習(xí),，在實(shí)踐中比較,，在實(shí)踐中體會(huì)差別，做到熟能生巧,，這樣自然就掌握國際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音了,。

重點(diǎn)音標(biāo)講解

單元音

[i:] =“一”

[?]：[?]開口要比[i:]稍大，注意比較兩圖口型,。

[e] 嘴張45°,，[?]嘴張90°

[?:r] [?r]=“二”

[?]=額（不卷舌）

[?]：開口比“啊”略小

[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”

[ɑ] =“啊”

[?] =開口稍大的“哦”

[?:r]=卷舌的“哦”

[u:]核心：雙唇由半開微突，過渡到合嘴圓唇

[?] 發(fā)成噘嘴的[?],氣流向外,。

雙元音

雙元音較簡單,，大多數(shù)可進(jìn)行類比，注意雙元音的重音在第一個(gè)音標(biāo),，即前一個(gè)音讀的稍重,，后一個(gè)音讀的較輕。

[e?]=“A”

[a?]=“I”

[??]=“O”

[??]=“哦一”

[??]=ear

[e?]=air

[??]=“烏爾”

輔音

大部分輔音跟“漢語拼音”都有相似之處,，直接看視頻模仿即可,，這里只講解易錯(cuò)發(fā)音。

爆破音：

[t] [p] [k] 不要讀成[t?] [p?] [k?] 注意：它們聲帶不震動(dòng)

摩擦音：

[f][v] 咬唇音,，注意上齒咬下唇

[θ][e]

上下齒輕咬舌頭,，發(fā)音時(shí)能看到你的舌頭露出

[?]=不發(fā)音的“詩” [?]= “日”

[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“熱” [h]=不發(fā)音＋舌頭平放的“喝”

鼻音

[m] 合嘴

[n] 舌前部抵住上顎

[?] 嘴巴張開

舌側(cè)音[l]

元音前：跟拼音“l(fā)”發(fā)音一致元音后：發(fā)“l(fā)”的前半段

半元音

[j] “也”

[w] =圓唇噘嘴的“我”

破擦音

[t?]= 不發(fā)聲的“吃”

[d?]= “居”

[ts]=不發(fā)聲的“次”

[dz]=“子”

[tr] 先發(fā)“t”,，在發(fā)“r”,，最后結(jié)合在一起

[dr] 同上

詞匯拼讀

1、規(guī)劃拼讀任務(wù),，拿出單詞書或課本詞匯表,，找只含1~2個(gè)音節(jié)的單詞拼讀，20個(gè)為一組,，每天練習(xí)3組,，當(dāng)然如果有時(shí)間，多進(jìn)行幾組也OK,，加強(qiáng)效果,。后期難度逐漸加大。

2、輸入法識(shí)別詞匯,，每拼讀一個(gè)詞匯,，都對(duì)著X飛輸入法的語音識(shí)別功能朗讀，看能否被輸入法識(shí)別出單詞,，用機(jī)器來檢測是否讀的準(zhǔn)確,。

3、聽詞匯跟讀,，不管輸入法識(shí)別出單詞,，還是沒識(shí)別出單詞，都要查手機(jī)字典,，來聽一遍聽力,，并跟讀，模仿語調(diào)和輕重讀音,。

例如：Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency

學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃

1,、國際音標(biāo)，一共48個(gè),，每天學(xué)4個(gè),，12天學(xué)完，元音和輔音每天各學(xué)習(xí)兩個(gè),。

2,、學(xué)完以后結(jié)合和音標(biāo)相關(guān)的單詞，每天堅(jiān)持讀一個(gè)小時(shí),，第二天要把第一天的一塊兒讀,，第三天要把前兩天的一塊兒讀，依次類推,，堅(jiān)持學(xué)完所有的音標(biāo),，就可以讀字典上任何一個(gè)單詞。

3,、長期堅(jiān)持下去,，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)很多字母和音標(biāo)有著關(guān)聯(lián)，比如ph都發(fā)音標(biāo)f的音,，字母u發(fā)尖a的音,，類似的規(guī)律，當(dāng)大家堅(jiān)持下來以后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多,，同時(shí)你甚至可以聽到單詞的發(fā)音就能把單詞拼出來,，直接就把背單詞的問題解決了，音標(biāo)會(huì)讀,，單詞會(huì)讀,，單詞會(huì)背，聽力當(dāng)然也不再是問題。自己總結(jié)出來的規(guī)律說明真的學(xué)會(huì)了,，同時(shí)自己得出來的結(jié)論要比老師直接告訴你印象更深刻,，同時(shí)最重要的是用起來更容易。

注意事項(xiàng)

1,、了解發(fā)音要領(lǐng),，模仿老師口型

學(xué)習(xí)語音，一定要注意口型,，并仔細(xì)揣摩每個(gè)音標(biāo)的發(fā)音要領(lǐng),，特別是相似音標(biāo)的發(fā)音區(qū)別。

零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)員不要以為盯著老師的口型就好了,，其實(shí)發(fā)音很多都是內(nèi)部器官看不到的,， 所以需要老師正確的發(fā)音示范，跟著老師一起讀,，然后再加上老師給的一些技巧,，繼續(xù)跟讀，老師感覺哪有問題,，再幫著糾正,，這樣一系列過程才是練成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音的秘籍。

2,、 單詞拼讀實(shí)戰(zhàn),，一對(duì)一糾正錯(cuò)誤

養(yǎng)成一口純正口語最重要的還是練習(xí)練習(xí)再練習(xí)，單詞拼讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練,，鞏固你的發(fā)音,。不斷讀，不斷糾正,，訓(xùn)練單個(gè)音標(biāo)到訓(xùn)練多個(gè)單詞,，在學(xué)習(xí)語音的過程中，再掌握一些基礎(chǔ)的詞匯,。

3,、辯音練習(xí)，糾正錯(cuò)誤,，掌握發(fā)音規(guī)律

訓(xùn)練難度會(huì)隨著課程的深入不斷加強(qiáng),，但還是訓(xùn)練相同的內(nèi)容，一節(jié)課很多類似的訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容,。音標(biāo)中很多類似的發(fā)音,，將相似音放在一起對(duì)比再練習(xí)，舌頭和耳朵在這很重要,。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標(biāo)是學(xué)習(xí)英語的第一步，想要學(xué)好音標(biāo)需要認(rèn)識(shí)音標(biāo)、會(huì)讀音標(biāo),，這樣以后才能認(rèn)識(shí)單詞,。在學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)前，我們要先知道國際音標(biāo)有48個(gè),，元音有20個(gè),，輔音有28個(gè)，元音又分為單元音和雙元音,，單元音有12個(gè),，雙元音有8個(gè)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X0ayd2WScoy4M6xsFVmcneA8n8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標(biāo)數(shù)目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGMMdqqKGoIkyGxmsOVcclDvnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在上表中,，我們可以看到音標(biāo)有48個(gè),，現(xiàn)在我們常說的國際音標(biāo)也是48個(gè)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AESAdWCuQoQUiuxmQkVcGNVXnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以點(diǎn)擊下面鏈接學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E20kdWCCso4ykCx45GjcqgWynqa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48個(gè)英語音標(biāo)示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AqckdkO2SoWKyoxQJlCcXjKcn4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsOsda4UyoA0yUx4xP6czKClnJg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":345,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a663fdb6f1284e47acca44c09060b0a2","width":694},"text":"","id":"AEKudCk2So0cmMxCAIeceBvxnjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KisEdmSmgogIwoxC4ZMcG3QknLe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音部分","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7467dcbf994549a5a6381df079b4301f","width":561},"text":"","id":"PAIEdU6suogWcexSCXRc664TnUf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標(biāo)的分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YouadwUQwosyeyxasemc2PIHnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最實(shí)用的分類方式是：元音=長元音+短元音+雙元音,；輔音=清輔音+濁輔音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwWMdM0y4okSc6xUXz8cZOKMnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語一共有48個(gè)國際音標(biāo),，包括20個(gè)元音,，28個(gè)輔音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEYEdomcAoIWSIx0gs6ctJvEnHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20個(gè)元音包括5個(gè)長元音：/i:/,、/?:/,、/u:/、/a:/,、/?:/,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOEMdsCmEo8wmuxy9sgchI0Dncu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7個(gè)短元音：[i]?[?]?[?]?[u]?[?]?[e]?[?]；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSgsdwwsWoc2i8xcLMycBbyfnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8個(gè)雙元音：/e?,、/a?/,、/??/、/??/,、/e?/,、/??/、/??/,、/a?/,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEqydSEaYoYgAExG0OJcpQCinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgMudGYi4ooOcUxmocWcCoCEn1I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、長元音顧名思義就是發(fā)的音比較長而飽滿,；短元音則發(fā)的音比較短而急,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUm2dg0ayooas8xw7mKc1LHmnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、雙元音就是兩個(gè)單元音拼在一起,，成為組合音,。雙元音發(fā)音的特點(diǎn)是前面的單元音發(fā)音長,，后面的發(fā)音比較短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L6kydWcCEosSoGx4YDdcStKNnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"28個(gè)輔音包括：輕輔音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKwdykA4ogsCMxghM8cwNI2ndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKwedeuCIoQOQOxsPGjcKnRinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsCOdg4ACo2C8cxYDOvc9jprnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音 /j/ /w/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YgEed6IysogkMcxCm9rcZCI9nMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邊音 /?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkYUdw6iMoqSiqxwvFGcq3HTnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音標(biāo)的分類","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6872a8bb79f14f40989a6ed6bc41be7a","width":720},"text":"","id":"C4qGduOAkoiWuQx0ixicZGvqnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYc4dsOwco02wAxAp27chauenkc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MI8CdGMgmoi24ox6Isuc2rBwnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)長元音發(fā)音,?！丁驹粢魳?biāo)（長元音）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmiUdgiYaoo2m8xCLThcfQzVnob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5個(gè)長元音/i:/、/?:/,、/u:/,、/a:/、/?:/發(fā)音技巧,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FKwydmY08oE4Esxsthgc7bG6ngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/i:/發(fā)音技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JICedKKGioa2S6xOb2IcdXk7n31"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒,，口形扁平。在發(fā)音的時(shí)候要盡量拉長,，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟詩的感覺,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PuU6dGQ4goEwuyx0SHAcyATXnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：bee [bi?] n. 蜜蜂；see [si?] v. 看見,，參看","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoymdmuGiocUiExgVgicDvQJn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11401e7cc5bc444dbe441c1675fed41f","width":451},"text":"","id":"Jwu8dI462oaeoYx2YiTciWTqnvE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/?:/發(fā)音技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ts2qdA6SgoseSMxKkuqcBll6nug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/?:/是長元音,，近似于北京腔的“兒”話音，如“花兒”的“兒”,。發(fā)好這個(gè)音,，關(guān)鍵在于卷舌！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OYYudyQECoAUWCxAXCXcpSQNnwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：shirt [??:t] n. 襯衫,男士襯衫,；nurse [n?:s] n. 護(hù)士,保姆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"COSGdekU0o4gUuxMXnMcC6pCn2c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/623ec09f755c4250bf94380ee9544915","width":562},"text":"","id":"FCiYdGaciomUW2xG0SicnSgFnLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/u:/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWOIdEuS2o0WmaxWew6cVNb0nEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)雙唇用力向前突出,，有點(diǎn)像拉長了音說“烏”，但要注意,，“烏”的口形較扁,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGkEdI2kMos20Ox2r4qcCFyXnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮；room [ru?m] n. 房間,空間","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Esasd8QoioyssQxkPtKc5kBmnJc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":301,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe82dde826ae4239afa4b48ffe8b0c42","width":453},"text":"","id":"RKWId4Ca4og0QexmwWYcZ2TOnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/a:/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TAmEdomGco0mmmxMBcic5uLqnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)口張大,，雙唇稍收?qǐng)A,。發(fā)音時(shí)可以照著鏡子，說“啊”,，看看嘴巴張得夠不夠大,，記得要將嘴巴盡量張大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSYadWSEcooYEQxIUAjct9vnnFJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：ask [a:sk] v. 問,詢問,； far [fa:r] adj. 遠(yuǎn)的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YAQsdCAoGosGOqxQt5octrTLnYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":273,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/025ef979d9624dbc88706798e493e87b","width":454},"text":"","id":"JsAodyMG4oaAWUx0eNaclgPRnU7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）/?:/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VyMWdKGuYouWEGxCWxVch2RmnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí),，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A，并向前突出,，發(fā)音接近于漢語“嗷”,。這是個(gè)長元音，記?。洪L元音一定要拉長,，發(fā)出來才好聽,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MgM2dcYGCo46QcxQbwMc94Nynih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：door [d?:r] n. 門； short [??:t] adj. 短的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgscdccICoGgwaxKaJWc1SyKnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7a38edc116f4856b5a9593f720e724d","width":450},"text":"","id":"Ho4YdSGgcoUyQqxmgKhctGE7nkd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0wOd0uowoAm6exEjRdcgKeDnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)短元音發(fā)音,?！丁尽居⒄Z音標(biāo)7個(gè)短元音/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/怎么讀？】-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUQIdyWAoo6YMexciCLc5g4mnfx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7個(gè)短元音：/i/,、/?/、?/?/,、/u/,、/?/、/e/,、/?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQe8de0WgoW4WIxIf6EcSf5Jn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/i/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OeiSdAac6oeg4QxICt4cMrZ1ngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是個(gè)短元音,，發(fā)音要短促而輕快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KyOcdmKcYo2yg0xc9CLchnc0nFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：big [b?ɡ] adj. 大的,龐大的,；Fit [fit] v. 合身,適合于","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Peq6dMSKAoKMiex85ZpcCHMwn8c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7490f86fa2e840c7822c7a8652cc3b59","width":454},"text":"","id":"Jg8qd0SAGoaqQYxWG62cTGd0nJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/?/發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yi4gdOOSwoqi4ixUPCxcr7dTn8N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)舌身平放,，雙唇扁平。發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)不用卷舌,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSWGdgm2wokq4uxaoSxc9pQNnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：teacher [?ti?t??] n. 老師,教師,； mother [?m?e?] n. 母親","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N600dqWCioIGAexsDGtcikolnSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fc5b84b799c543ba81a17ef6447d69b3","width":451},"text":"","id":"Zicodsi0aoGSMcxMFmhcGojin4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/?","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"/ ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cwu6dsy0ioSIoQxQ3McctItdnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一個(gè)短元音，發(fā)音一定要短,，發(fā)音比/?:/短一些,，雙唇稍稍收?qǐng)A，并向前突出,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B40SdEqGeommYaxUVmkcbAFunof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：dog [d?g] n.狗,家伙,；hot [h?t] adj. 熱的,辣的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6OQdeMYeo8kqAxQFP0cUzhtnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/u/ 發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MkEMdeuwcoUMQMx2jfDcSL1Lnle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇收?qǐng)A，稍突出,。就像發(fā)漢語中的“烏”,，但沒發(fā)完就給打斷了一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUQadG2AOoyQiqxovbfcN5hMnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：book [b?k] n. 書,卷,；cook [k?k] vt. 烹調(diào),煮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XiW4dUI0WoeWYaxmgclczYA7nSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":318,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a926c1aa6d5d4ce79c0d19c2159ce98e","width":454},"text":"","id":"QGcAdYE6MomYUMxuiFcciKOwnKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）/?/ 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/g/分別諧音“可”,、“嗝”,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQQedqwyMooIEkxIKJIcVruHnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎，憋住氣,，然后突然分開,，氣流送出口腔，形成爆破音,。/k/是清輔音,，聲帶不要振動(dòng)；/g/是濁輔音,，聲帶需要振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CiO0dy8SCoiem2xKge6ccUbyn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/k/ ：kite [kait] n. 風(fēng)箏；cake [ke?k] n. 蛋糕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FUQodyeyyoWuQAx2JGYcZNT1nqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/g/： glove [ɡl?v] n. 手套,；girl [ɡ?:l] n. 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/dz/分別諧音“次”、“自”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：舌端先貼住上齒齦,，堵住氣流,，氣流送出口腔。/ts/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng),，/dz/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wu2AdkuSioKeekxGWiWcUNN1nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/ts/：cats [k?ts] n. 貓( cat的名詞復(fù)數(shù) ),；hats [h?ts] n. 帽子( hat的名詞復(fù)數(shù) ) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DOksdQsWUoKGA2xETz0chmFantf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dz/：hands [h?ndz] n.手；lands [l?ndz] 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/dr/分別諧音“戳”,、“捉”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：舌尖貼齒齦后部,，氣流沖破阻礙發(fā)出短促的/t/后立即發(fā)/r/。/tr/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/dr/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSKsdMQi0o82OexWotqcSV0KnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 樹,，木料；try [tra?] vt.\u0026 vi. 試圖 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGkKdsqAqo0C8WxqIJucE48Anzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dr/：dress [dres] n.連衣裙；drink [dr??k] 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英國的,；rubbish [?r?b??] n. 垃圾,；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGIidicIkoCGCKxKo0PcQBYlnhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/?/：pleasure [?ple??] n.快樂，愉快,；casual [?k??u?l] adj意外的,，偶然的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwwIdAKiooqy2Cxak94c5PDbnGg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f332b0d40c74d34ae86cb1fa3ca05e7","width":454},"text":"","id":"DwsYdMccsog0iYxISsfcHUVinNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f540e592612a4386a861f7ad67e4073c","width":453},"text":"","id":"ISiYdkQoGoGQe0xKa7JcQsU3n3d"}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（10）/t∫/ /d?/分別諧音“吃”、“之”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)舌身抬高,，舌端抵上齒齦后部,，氣流通過時(shí)發(fā)出破擦音。/t∫/是清輔音,，聲帶不振動(dòng),；/d?/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U0gWdO4iMoCAaoxYfM3cC5m6n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/t∫/： chalk [t??:k] n. 粉筆,；chair [t?e?r] n. 椅子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NK0ydWy0SoseSyxGoJMcJWW5nLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/d?/：page [pe?d?] n.頁 ；age [e?d?] 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/r/分別諧音“呵”,、“若”,，省去韻母成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0eYdWCA2oa2Q8xADQhcjsCsnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M04md204koiKaQxcjQPccMzznXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)/h/這個(gè)音時(shí),，嘴半開,，氣流從口腔不受阻礙而出，聲帶不振動(dòng),，清輔音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6Kidis8moccGAxjkUjcGKHMncS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)/r/這個(gè)音時(shí)，舌端上卷,，靠近上齒齦附近,，嘴唇張開并保持略圓狀態(tài)，氣流從口腔涌出,，聲帶振動(dòng),，屬于濁輔音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Skk8dmsmoog2KwxWIvucX2Yvnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例: /h/： hair [he?(r)] n.頭發(fā),；hate [he?t] v.恨,，厭惡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeIKdecMEoOEEsxC2MDcxzKenug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/r/： sorry ['s?r?] v.對(duì)不起 ,；write [ra?t] v.寫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmKEdA6O2oMuaCxQ3hLc0Vauneh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae68233a2f1f4e0bae1ada1aafa601b2","width":455},"text":"","id":"B2IgdUQ0AoYG6wxYVJccq7VMnag"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":690,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5bc0da8fe7f4de1b056a6e261a0535d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"FoGadAwoIoQ8iux6WegcTMzCnlb"}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)鼻音發(fā)音?！丁荆?1）鼻音 m n ? | 英語音標(biāo)發(fā)音口型示范 | 美式發(fā)音-嗶哩嗶哩】 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n.球","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIodIW6goAcIExgblmcWFXXnah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":260,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"邊音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8a9eb0ff3c3438e80e649b07a85be15","width":456},"text":"","id":"MoWedis4SokU8cxGSwecIsV7nTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOUWdOmoioWWUOxSKvHcytrEnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)視頻學(xué)習(xí)半元音發(fā)音,。《【BBC英語 其他輔音 半元音'w'的發(fā)音 與'v'的區(qū)別 國際音標(biāo)發(fā)音｜Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8yIdi2Ego4uoyxmUgXcTisJn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/j/諧音“耶”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2ScdIcYUouWkWxiojWcdJ1KnJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng),，氣流口腔發(fā)出,。濁輔音，發(fā)音口型類似/ i/.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QmQMd4CA2o0cWYxeKdicdK2bn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：ye [jes] adv.是的,；young [j??] 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哪一個(gè)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N8yMd808YogkeYxS8Bzcw8AnnZe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/752d066e3d624ac5a0a385ff5a02f131","width":453},"text":"","id":"A2EAdkoKaoKUE8xCUKAcaFHvnrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)步驟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGmUduwi2o4WWcxW8UAcAtf6nsh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄寫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyQmdY0woowyiWxQtzSct7zAn95"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄寫音標(biāo)，并了解音標(biāo)特點(diǎn),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKeud2iiGoSqEAxWbELcjRpgnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對(duì)音標(biāo)的基本認(rèn)知","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RaimdAOiYoEG8SxSmf2ceFeonGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、區(qū)別長短音帶“：”的音標(biāo)發(fā)音相對(duì)較長不帶“：”的音標(biāo)發(fā)音相對(duì)較短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z2ScdmyGqomYqaxyqkdcLdq3nhL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、區(qū)別清輔音和濁輔音核心區(qū)別：清輔音聲帶不震動(dòng),，濁輔音聲帶振動(dòng),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYY8dyIYwo8OyAxcjYfcWTgKn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8YAdU2MgoEgOGxKAYHckkUAn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找合適的視頻學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)跟讀。例如b站上《【賴世雄48個(gè)英語音標(biāo)朗讀示范,，美音英音對(duì)照版-嗶哩嗶哩】 【","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"】》,、《【李詠梅老師英語（音標(biāo)部分）——最牛的初中英語老師！沒有之一,！李詠梅國際音標(biāo) （完整版發(fā)音篇）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》,、《【純正英式發(fā)音】這是BBC出品的到現(xiàn)在為止最棒的英語發(fā)音教程（完整版）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》，以上幾個(gè)視頻都非常不錯(cuò),，詳細(xì)講解每個(gè)音標(biāo)的讀法,。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"注意視頻一定至少跟讀5遍，才能確保你的學(xué)習(xí)效果,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KS4ydK4S6oiIQmxu0vncRSQHnMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也可以通過下面這個(gè)視頻觀察發(fā)音口型的變化,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IuCAd8Eeao4kYCxCirecwybinKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48個(gè)英語音標(biāo)示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmAd4gewoQWIUxKQ07cNUeEnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、模仿練習(xí),，學(xué)習(xí)國際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音,，要注意觀察老師的口型，觀察發(fā)音部位的變化,，主動(dòng)模仿發(fā)音,，初學(xué)可以對(duì)著鏡子模仿練習(xí)，特別是元音發(fā)音的舌位高低,，口腔開口度大小與音色關(guān)系十分密切,，可以通過鏡子觀察口型上的區(qū)別，觀察舌尖,、舌面,、舌葉的活動(dòng)情況，比如u和o,、i和e,、e和ε等等，掌握準(zhǔn)確口腔開口度,，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音具有非常重要的意義,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcymdwOWCo6CIGxa2tecRpqyncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、聽音訓(xùn)練:學(xué)習(xí)國際音標(biāo)需要認(rèn)識(shí)48個(gè)音標(biāo),，通過反反復(fù)復(fù)的聽力練習(xí),，達(dá)到強(qiáng)化記憶。聽音訓(xùn)練,，如果有條件,，可以多聽老師朗讀音標(biāo),，也可以使用錄音帶反復(fù)聽音，本課件中的每個(gè)音素,，都可以循環(huán)傾聽,，強(qiáng)化記憶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N242dAYGAoY4MIxCel4c7gT7nOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、多動(dòng)口,，動(dòng)口是加強(qiáng)實(shí)踐的關(guān)鍵和核心，聽音也好,，模仿也好,，比較也好，最終要?dú)w結(jié)到自己發(fā)音這一目標(biāo)上來,，所以勤動(dòng)口是掌握國際音標(biāo)發(fā)音的關(guān)鍵,。俗話說，\"三天不寫手生,，三天不念口生\",，說的就是要加強(qiáng)動(dòng)手動(dòng)口能力的培養(yǎng)。因此學(xué)習(xí)國際音標(biāo),，要時(shí)時(shí)加強(qiáng)語音訓(xùn)練,，勤動(dòng)口，反復(fù)實(shí)踐練習(xí),，在實(shí)踐中比較,，在實(shí)踐中體會(huì)差別，做到熟能生巧,，這樣自然就掌握國際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音了,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8AGdQweWo6Eq4xwZQpcAzqTnGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重點(diǎn)音標(biāo)講解","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYgkdUaewoSIquxc48NcmqD7nQy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YW4wdUskoocOAwxuatBcuFsWn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[i:] =“一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HgwEd26sEoK8kaxa0MKcjHMRnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]：[?]開口要比[i:]稍大，注意比較兩圖口型,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSyYdOwSUo0k2axkAtYc5sddnbB"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":150,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/424933217c51464b98439d52a906dc79","width":313},"text":"","id":"XAeYdY8kMoOcUmx8IcRck6D9n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e] 嘴張45°,，[?]嘴張90°","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeQGdy2Smou2O6xURCZcVp3Lnae"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":145,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6672fd2298724d35a280bead538ac3ae","width":306},"text":"","id":"RmM4dISSQoAMIcxygd5cxr6HnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?:r] [?r]=“二”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSo6dKsSWo2GYcxZjETc9G1GnDG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]=額（不卷舌）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsmdKmyKoAssoxAzOdc7OWnntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":169,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23669fa681c94516b68dbd7dfbeacb30","width":287},"text":"","id":"Fo6QduWAwokykix49KRcfCJmnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]：開口比“啊”略小","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGsmdsW6woUimYxOwpucaftfnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4q6dQqcMo8UY4x6uROcurTungg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yc4mdmGSQow40gxqCAGcOvvinBd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":158,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a325dcff9bf444c93f02a661b7eb1dc","width":288},"text":"","id":"YI2udUmcEoUO2axUffDc55c0n5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ] =“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOUkd82oyoSQK2xGU3Yc38ITngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?] =開口稍大的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BY4wdeQqqoy6C6xqo3wc8LQdnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?:r]=卷舌的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VieGd4caOoI2eIxKk63cHfKcnEh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47f4542a00f04f7aae6be6656657cf8c","width":114},"text":"","id":"IE8cdeAC4oMySuxgcAocFfSanZ3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89ec169b38a04ab99190b396206e9400","width":98},"text":"","id":"UyMSdui2WoASQExMfVZcTvLqnrd"}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[u:]核心：雙唇由半開微突，過渡到合嘴圓唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?] 發(fā)成噘嘴的[?],氣流向外,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4EUdoaeCoGgg2xA94WcKc7XnVg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGS8duyAEoSGqgxas3DcrumNnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙元音較簡單,，大多數(shù)可進(jìn)行類比，注意雙元音的重音在第一個(gè)音標(biāo),，即前一個(gè)音讀的稍重,，后一個(gè)音讀的較輕,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww4IdocgUoaaeAxYJjwcra66neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e?]=“A”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TciidSSSmoKY6MxOmfycHajin1A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[a?]=“I”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QyWEdEi4eo0WC4xYBXWcKXKJn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“O”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OaqodkkAWoIIwixUvLJciK9Dnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“哦一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIkGdeWMMoCgCKxujKucWEgXnl7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=ear","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6Wedoq6Go4KQKx0OLvcGKWAnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e?]=air","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKsUdcKGSouW0exAVi9cPsZcnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“烏爾”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JMWSdYuUAo84WexU5RncsFdWnYe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6SAdQWcYoe2WexqIZ7cCguWnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分輔音跟“漢語拼音”都有相似之處,，直接看視頻模仿即可，這里只講解易錯(cuò)發(fā)音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOS4dUWgKoegoQxoBW1c0scNnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爆破音：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGwkdoY06oeKEExaYJdcMIPWnyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[t] [p] [k] 不要讀成[t?] [p?] [k?] 注意：它們聲帶不震動(dòng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqIEdUkemo8g6Gx2j13czIRNn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摩擦音：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAkqdWaUkoe4oQx6CBicKu6JnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[f][v] 咬唇音,，注意上齒咬下唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UMwCdEUkWoQ6uQxwJcscTdTUnrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":146,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ad2d1355a204bcbae724b0dc07ceb1b","width":248},"text":"","id":"QugUdOeOOoC8yAxzSjzcPmdenp5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[θ][e]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoGUd4UcUoS2eSxig5ac7Oh0nPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上下齒輕咬舌頭,，發(fā)音時(shí)能看到你的舌頭露出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YesIdOoy4oEWmax6YWXcvXUSn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":125,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb45b894066748d99889cbe3cbcf925d","width":239},"text":"","id":"XM0idmGoWosKc0xkOwdckSZZnUx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]=不發(fā)音的“詩” [?]= “日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BC0IdUyW4oiyGqxMzvxcAjzpnIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8f6dc95aeda44ba960be5c6b0ae01ba","width":278},"text":"","id":"DSW8dw0eQoyYAIx87UScLiJbnvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“熱” [h]=不發(fā)音＋舌頭平放的“喝”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsYdguS0osqikxYJjncCMxjnie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYkOdgowEo6mSExYBRPc5wiznOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[m] 合嘴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LeSWdaaQkouGaMxKWxWcL08ense"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[n] 舌前部抵住上顎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmKIdKGsiooa6ix6RbecaOExnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?] 嘴巴張開","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xcusd4giYokcyGxKw8JccJM3nxd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6809d9fd4d604c999772a6441dca8739","width":157},"text":"","id":"HEw2dqIAYoysEoxiySQcHndjnud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5675b8cf0d67465db9106dd349b765ab","width":165},"text":"","id":"ICYydaeeyosCAQxq6mDcf2cJnvb"}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌側(cè)音[l]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音前：跟拼音“l(fā)”發(fā)音一致元音后：發(fā)“l(fā)”的前半段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAW4dyoO6ouEMwxU9DycGSVfnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYiUdiuoAoc0SkxJxQ7cKyODnHH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[j] “也”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiEYdKWOGoYoCsxaALDcfRxtn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[w] =圓唇噘嘴的“我”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eakqd8i8gomqCCx0C5ScvszAn3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"破擦音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWgEdOqSCo2cwaxgnVNcniofnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[t?]= 不發(fā)聲的“吃”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QUISdIOmYo8CAEx2xyfcxw1EnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[d?]= “居”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGoQdUkewoOKqwxg1NmcNvosncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ts]=不發(fā)聲的“次”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8K6ducAkoeSccxsVFec10Icnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dz]=“子”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V2CSdAm0ioYYcqxADoecjOXUn5T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[tr] 先發(fā)“t”，在發(fā)“r”,，最后結(jié)合在一起","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PMwOdSKYsoO6yyxKW0vcyzhxnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dr] 同上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqcCdaYuSosyuIx02oycX1iwnQh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"詞匯拼讀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I0GedsKk0oUgoOxuyXccgX1vnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、規(guī)劃拼讀任務(wù)，拿出單詞書或課本詞匯表,，找只含1~2個(gè)音節(jié)的單詞拼讀,，20個(gè)為一組，每天練習(xí)3組,，當(dāng)然如果有時(shí)間,，多進(jìn)行幾組也OK，加強(qiáng)效果,。后期難度逐漸加大,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YiK6dkyMqoE6KYxcZFecaO2Onic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、輸入法識(shí)別詞匯,，每拼讀一個(gè)詞匯,，都對(duì)著X飛輸入法的語音識(shí)別功能朗讀，看能否被輸入法識(shí)別出單詞,，用機(jī)器來檢測是否讀的準(zhǔn)確,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F82MdiS0OoEyEyxk1SicCu6vnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、聽詞匯跟讀,，不管輸入法識(shí)別出單詞,，還是沒識(shí)別出單詞,，都要查手機(jī)字典,，來聽一遍聽力，并跟讀,，模仿語調(diào)和輕重讀音,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcOsd4I80oaSsExCYAecvtgonmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAkYd6KyoosOe8xyaEycPumwn0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig8edugQyogYa8xmCTpcTKcgnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、國際音標(biāo),，一共48個(gè),，每天學(xué)4個(gè)，12天學(xué)完,，元音和輔音每天各學(xué)習(xí)兩個(gè),。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kk6IdUSM0omgecxaQbkcSsZsnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、學(xué)完以后結(jié)合和音標(biāo)相關(guān)的單詞,，每天堅(jiān)持讀一個(gè)小時(shí),，第二天要把第一天的一塊兒讀，第三天要把前兩天的一塊兒讀,，依次類推,，堅(jiān)持學(xué)完所有的音標(biāo),，就可以讀字典上任何一個(gè)單詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QG6sdm2M4o68ouxYDuzcFDxhn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3,、長期堅(jiān)持下去,，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)很多字母和音標(biāo)有著關(guān)聯(lián)，比如ph都發(fā)音標(biāo)f的音,，字母u發(fā)尖a的音,，類似的規(guī)律，當(dāng)大家堅(jiān)持下來以后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多,，同時(shí)你甚至可以聽到單詞的發(fā)音就能把單詞拼出來,，直接就把背單詞的問題解決了，音標(biāo)會(huì)讀,，單詞會(huì)讀,，單詞會(huì)背，聽力當(dāng)然也不再是問題,。自己總結(jié)出來的規(guī)律說明真的學(xué)會(huì)了,，同時(shí)自己得出來的結(jié)論要比老師直接告訴你印象更深刻，同時(shí)最重要的是用起來更容易,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Km8odoYG4omMG2xQjwvctwuOn8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XS6WduK8gocSyQxwpyYc32mDnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1,、了解發(fā)音要領(lǐng)，模仿老師口型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QaWwde6UQoWyyox8b3Yc0PnGngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)語音,，一定要注意口型,，并仔細(xì)揣摩每個(gè)音標(biāo)的發(fā)音要領(lǐng)，特別是相似音標(biāo)的發(fā)音區(qū)別,。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jii2diISEoMkQixoveicLaPdn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)員不要以為盯著老師的口型就好了,，其實(shí)發(fā)音很多都是內(nèi)部器官看不到的， 所以需要老師正確的發(fā)音示范,，跟著老師一起讀,，然后再加上老師給的一些技巧，繼續(xù)跟讀,，老師感覺哪有問題,，再幫著糾正，這樣一系列過程才是練成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音的秘籍,。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pow0deEogocwqexqKJOchO9Qnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2,、 單詞拼讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)，一對(duì)一糾正錯(cuò)誤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqAmdu0E4oWkkExaukOcf14rnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"養(yǎng)成一口純正口語最重要的還是練習(xí)練習(xí)再練習(xí),，單詞拼讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練,，鞏固你的發(fā)音。不斷讀，不斷糾正,，訓(xùn)練單個(gè)音標(biāo)到訓(xùn)練多個(gè)單詞，在學(xué)習(xí)語音的過程中,，再掌握一些基礎(chǔ)的詞匯,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B0cyd2a4kowyACxM4E2cCki4nsi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、辯音練習(xí),，糾正錯(cuò)誤,，掌握發(fā)音規(guī)律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQWQdmkKmoYcqyxsrTAcvvH8nhy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"訓(xùn)練難度會(huì)隨著課程的深入不斷加強(qiáng)，但還是訓(xùn)練相同的內(nèi)容,，一節(jié)課很多類似的訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容,。音標(biāo)中很多類似的發(fā)音，將相似音放在一起對(duì)比再練習(xí),，舌頭和耳朵在這很重要,。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyKYdA4oIoQC8exa2vjcYOc1nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4aGdqMEMoO2AGxkzAkcWRvAnHd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E